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■ I ' ir. «. ■^Vi ■ J AN ADVANCE UNDER FIRE. In H&rper’a W/illlam Quldner, a aur- Tiror of the battle of Oravelotte, the moat hard fought victory of the Pranco-Prueslan war, tells how he ■aw the victory as color bearer of fcla regiment. \It must have been, I think, about 4 o'clock when • Colonel Von Boehn rode to the head of the regiment, end we.»11 straightened, quick, aa on parade. As he said, sharp, a. few words, something like, ‘Men, the reg iment has a good name, and you will give It a still better one.* I was In front, and could hear part of what he said. \The colonel led us to the left, and we crossed a railroad track and went through another little white village, and then we faced a slope, a long slope, with a village on it which the French had made into a fort, and we, our regiment and others, were to capture It, and there were many Frenchmen and cannon there. \The colonel rode on a horse, he and the m ajors and the adjutants. Our captains usually rode too, but this day the captains sent their horses back and went on foot. \And soon our first men began to fall, for we came under the fire of the chassepot. It was hard, for we could not see the enemy. These first ones were many sharpshooters, in a ditch, and the noise of their firing was like that of a coffee m ill— Kr-r- r-r-r-r! They drew off as we went forward. It was only at a walk that we went, a steady walk, just as if there were no bullets there. “ And now we would run forward Bfty yards and throw ourselves flat; then another fifty yards and the halt and the falling flat; and each time we could see the village th a t was a Hortress nearer. \And once, when we were lying down, and I saw that the officers were standing, just cool and quiet, it came to me that a man has to pay in such ways to be an officer. \I saw the colonel fall. He was Shot from his horse and carried back. \The first m ajor, he took com mand, and he galloped to the skir mish line, and he was shot. Then the second m ajor, too, was shot, and he tried to get up, but he could not Hand, and he sat on a big stone and shouted : ‘Go on! Go on!' And he took a gun from a dead man and fired tt \W e were ordered to fix bayonets, and th a t made us glad; but even yet the men carried their rifles on their Shoulders as they ran. We were not Bear enough to charge with bayonets. “ I wish I could tell you w h a t it was Hke as we got near that village of 3t.-Prlvat. The noise, the smoke, the Bashes, the falling men, and only one Besire in our hearts. “There were three sergeants in the tolor section, one at each side of me. And first the one at my right was killed. Then the one at my left was shot. Eight big bullets in his body from a m itrailleuse— eight! Yet he afterw ards got well, while many a snan died from only one little bul let. “And at last we went at a bayonet charge, and for the first time there was a cheer, and we ran on, eager to plunge the bayonets; and we could see, as we came near the village, that the French were firing from be hind barricades and garden walls and from windows. “Anil we looked into the wild faces of the French, and they met us hand to hand. Ah! we climbed over walls and barricades, and we fired and bay oneted , and we fought them in the Streets. \On and on we went. It was a wild time of shooting, bayoneting, wrestling, clubbing, shouting. On and on, but it was slow work and ter rible, for the French fought for every step. “I was at the front, for I had the colors. There were a few officers still left, and they were shouting and wav ing their swords, and other regim ents stormed into the village with us, and after a while— I c an’t say how long— the place was ours. \As I tell it to you it seems perhaps 5 simple thing. But when the regi ment was paraded before the battle began, we were more than 2900 men d more than fifty officers, and we lout in the fight forty officers and more than a thousand men. Yes; that was the loss of just my regim ent alone. It was morderlsch, hut it was necessary. \W ell, it’s all over. The village was blazing, and many a dead man lay in the ruins; some sat upright, dead, with their backs against the walls.” t yet qqlte time to go Into winter quAm ters. One day, when the woman and smaller boy were a little way from shore fishing, Direkslna came to the house where the man was sleeping af ter a hunt and shot him with a rifle; then he shot the boy who was outside playing, and came out on the ice to shoot the woman also. But the wom an shouted to him that if he did not kill her she would tell everybody that be had killed her husband in self defense. With many vows and prom ises the woman agreed to always tell this story. Direkslna believed her and did not kill her. That evening she hitched up her dogs, drove to Ovayuak’s, and told him the whole story. He took her and the boy Ihto his house, and kept both, until last winter Ekopterea died, shortly after this visit of Direkslna’s. The circumstances connected with this m u rder throw m any a sidelight on Eskimo character and views of life. Most striking perhaps (a t least on first thought) was the fact th a t al though the announcement of Direk slna’s visit spread gloom for the mo m ent, yet when he actually arrived he received a welcome only a trifle less hearty than did visitors custom arily. Even his victim’s widow, who was the oldest and m o st decrepid member of the household, joked with him, and told him in great detail her various sufferings, from rheum a tism and oncoming age. The next day, when he was gone, 1 learned the story. “B u t,” I asked Ovayuak, \is it, then, not true, as tht Hudson Bay trader told me, that you formerly used to kill several men each year in blood revenge and per petual feuds?” Oh, yes, th a t was all true, but it happened long ago before the whalers came and the epidemics which sometimes killed ten whefe there were thirteen in a house. When the epidemics were gone the people began to talk and say, \W e must neft fight among ourselves any longer; we are too few.” And then all agreed, after talking about it a whole summer, th a t there should be no more killing for revenge, not even though a m u rder were committed. Since then there had been one m u rder only, and Direkslna will not be killed for it. When I asked why he was so well treated even by the relatives of the m u rdered, the answer was character istic: “To kill him, th a t might be sensible, for he is a bad man and may commit more crimes; but to treat him badly and m ake him miserable, what good would th a t do?” — Vilhjalmr Stefansson, in H a rper's Magazine. | F IRST MURDER DIDN’T COUNT. The approach of a sled was usually I Bailed w ith rejoicing, but one day the |announcement brought quite th e op- jposite result. The visitor was Direk- ]»ina, an Eskimo from Kiglavatt on ichard Island. W hen he was gone [the next day I learned the following [facts: A few years ago (I believe not lore than five; one can never get [definite ideas from the Eskimo if |more than three years are involved) man, whose name I neglected to te note of, was living with his Ekopterea and two children in flaking house, for It was not GRIZZLIES TOO PLENTIFUL. From all parts of Interior British Columbia reports are received of an unusual num b er of grizzlies being seen this season, and numerous en counters with them have been chron icled during the last few weeks. To kill a grizzly weighing nearly 800 pounds with a .32 calibre revolver is something th a t few men can boast of. It was the unusual feat th a t Dr. A. McKay Jordan accomplished while visiting some mining claims in which he is interested near Jedway, Queen Charlotte Islands. The eight small bullet holes in the bear’s skin are the proofs of his unique experience. The bear would never have been bagged had he not been caught in the w a ter and practically a t the mercy of Dr. Jordan and his friends. They were taking supplies to camp in a small boat, and while passing through a channel between two islands came upon a bear swimming. They headed him off shore despite angry snarls. Dr. Jordan was the only one of the party who had anything in the shape of a firearm, and this was a revolver w ith .32 short cartridges. He emptied one load of these at the half im mersed bear, but the bullets had lit tle effect except to glance off the hard skull and m ake the anim al redouble his efforts to get away. Dr. Jordan and his companions got closer to the bear w ith their boat, and in the meantime the revolver was reloaded. Two more shots were sent in at short range, and finally one right over the temple, fired from a distance of less than ten feet, did the trick. The bear was so heavy th a t the four men in the boat were un able to drag him on board and the carcass was towed ashore. S. May and companion attached to Goldman’s logging camp near H a r rison Mills had a more exciting ex perience. The pair were going through the brush along Cottonwood Creek when they aroused a large black bear, which made for them . Being unarmed they dodged among the trees for some time, but were fin ally compelled to climb to a place of refuge. Their shouts attracted two fishermen, who, being arm ed, quickly despatched the bear. THE PASSING OF THE POORHOUSE ----------------------------* ------------- How the Old Age Pension $Vork» in Germany. WOMAN KILLS MOUNTAIN LION. Mrs. Gussie Barnes, a wealthy wo m an of San Bernardino, Cal., had a battle with a young m o u n tain lion on her ranch, six miles away. By the m erest chance Mrs. Barnes saved her life, and when it was all over she col lapsed. Hearing a commotion in the chick en yard, Mrs. Barnes, who was alone at the ranch house, went to ascertain the cause of the trouble. She came unexpectedly upon a young m o u n tain lion which was eating a chicken. The beast, with an ear splitting snarl, jum p ed at the woman. Mrs. Barnes, without a moment's delay, picked up a yoke at her feet and she had just time to raise it over her shoulder when the beast was up on her. She struck out wildly, but the blow landed on the lion’s head with great force. The lion was stunned but quickly recovered, but the woman rushed upon It, landing blow after blow until she killed the Probably few of us have noted how rapidly the Old Age Pension has been spreading about the world. In Ger many the plan In its practical opera tion might bd called a form of com pulsory Insurance under Government direction and with Government help. Thus every person working for wages or a salary not exceeding $600 a year must take out an old age or Infirmity insurance policy on which he pays one-half of the annual prem ium while his employer pays the other half. From the fund thus obtained pensions are paid to persons whom sickness or infirmity have incapaci tated for work as well as to those at taining the age of seventy years. To each recipient of an Invalid or old age pension the Government makes an ad ditional grant of Its own. The amount of the pension Is de term ined upon the double basis of the wages received by the pensioner while he was at work and the am o u n t he has paid In premiums. in 1907 there were insured In Ger many In the Government Old Age and Invalidity Insurance more th a n four teen million persons— from which as tounding fact you can gather some thing of the proportions of the new Idea, says Charles E. Russell, in a notable article in H am p ton’s Broad way. In practice the invalidity pension has proved more popular th a n the strictly old age pension, for the rea son th a t the infirmity pension can be entered upon when the Invalidity oc curs and after the age of seventy it takes the place of an old age pension. Thus while in 1907 there were 110,- 967 persons receiving the straight lid age pension, there were more than 800,000 who were in receipt of the Infirmity pension. The total national expenditure in 1907 on the insurance account was $52,750,000, of which about $4,200,000 was for old age pensions. The average pension was: P e r Year. For old age. . ............ $39.52 For perm a n ent Invalidity.. . . 40.04 For provisional in v a lid ity .. . . 40.14 Of course these sums seem very small to us, but we must remember, first, th a t the difference between our country and Germany in respect to the relative cost of living is a fact always to be reckoned with in mak ing comparisons, and second, that Germany was the pioneer in these reforms and her cautious first steps have been far exceeded by the nations that have followed her. There are five classes of contribu tors to the German fund: 1. On annual wages or salaries of $87.50 the annual premium is 3% cents a week; 2. On annual wages or salaries of $137.50 the annual prem ium is 5 cents a week; 3. On the an nual wages or salaries of $212.50 the annual premium is 6 cents a week; 4. On annual wages or salaries of $287.50 the annual premium is 7% Bents a week; 5. On annual wages Dr salaries of $500 the annual prem ium is 9 cents. Benefactions under the act are somewhat restricted. Thus old age pensions are paid to only those who have contributed for at least 1200 weeks and the disablement pension to those who have contributed for at least 500 weeks. It was thought that i wholly unrestricted pension scheme was too fearsome an experiment, the whole thing being at best so bold a leap in the dark and in defiance of sacred traditions. This is the scaje of German pen sions according to classes: “lass 1 ............... .. .............. $27.50 a year Class 2 ................................ 35.00 a year Class 3 ...........................n . 42.50 a year Class 4 ................................ 52.50 a year Class 5 ................................ 57.50 a year Even in a country where living is as cheap, easy and comfortable as it Is in Germany, $57.60 a year as a pension is no great sum; but it is an Income, a man can live on it in Ger many, and every reform must have a beginning, often of a timid and feeble Bharacter. There is also another m a tter to be considered. The Government collects and cares for the fund from which these pensions are paid, composed of the contributions of workmen and employers. It is thus in possession of an enormous sum of money. Much af this money it invests for profits in order to provide the pensions, but part of it is put into improvements !or the benefit of the workmen for the sole purpose of improving their health and thus keeping down the pension payments. Is not that a most curious and suggestive fact? As a m atter of mere business the Govern ment uses a part (and a very consid erable part) of the fund at its dis posal to build sanitary homes for workingmen, hospitals for working men, and to fight tuberculosis among workingmen. And largely from this cause have come those excellent, airy, well-lighted dwellings in which so many German workingmen are com fortably housed in the cities. And if this Government has now found that to provide healthful dwellings is good business because thereby it can keep down the Nation’s sick list, how great Is the accumulated wrong that other workmen suffer and have suffered, being housed haphazard and so often in deadly environments? If the Old Age Pension had wrought no other good but merely to force attention to this vast, vital and fundamental hous ing problem, the world shoqld call it blessed. Germany, I need hardly say, did not arrive at these humane Improve ments without fighting for them. At best the whole thing was regarded by the philosophers and wise men as a piece of sublimated folly. They knew perfectly well that any such scheme would be ruinous to the na tional character and an insupportable drain upon the national revenues. They not only knew it, but they could prove it, and they did, with the most obliging kindness. There is also a certain order of mind everywhere that regards every Innovation as of the devil and detestable, being, it Seems, quite able to see clearly that the way everything has been done in the past is the best way ever con ceived by man, and it anyone says there is a better way he is a scoundrel and muckraker and let him die the death. All such minds In Germany per ceived that the thing was impossible, and said so. Moreover, there is that other school of thought that seems to believe the miseries of mankind to be Its blessings, and th a t the way to improve the race Is to have the great er part of it live in slums, crowded tenements, darkness, want and insuf ficiency. These foresaw th a t It the Government undertook to support men in their old age there would be no Incentive, and of course the world could not keep house without In centive. How could It? Unless a m an were reasonably sure that his declining years would be passed amid the horrors of the Poorhouse, he would never do a bit of work. Noth ing but the Fiend and the wholesome fear of the Scourge ever made any body work. T h a t was perfectly clear, and consequently Productive Industry would come to an end, and what would the country do then, poor thing? But the Government was not great ly impressed by these argum ents, be ing, as a m a tter of fact, not impelled to the pension idea by any process of reasoning but driven thereto by the rising tide of German Socialism, which the Government, having mind upon its army, desired to stem. Any way, the thing was done. I hasten to reassure the timorous by declaring th a t so far as repeated and conscien tious investigation can discover, it has not ruined the country nor de pleted the revenues, nor impaired the national character. Productive In- 1 say so. ■••eeeeeeeeeeeeseeeee• • • • • : STEEL TRUST DIVIDENDS J i - , PAID IN HUMAN LIVES $ • e >••••••••••••••••••••••••• In “Can Americans Afford Safety In Railroad Travel t\ In McClure’s, Carl Vrooman, the author, fixes the responsibility for the increasing risk of traveling in the United States. He writes: » \A p p arently the railroad m anagers have decided that an unchecked In crease in killings would mean' ruin, and t h a t If greater expenditures are necessary to reduce the percentage of accidents, they m u st be met. They say they are willing to pay the price good rails ought to be worth, even If dividends have to be put, and, un doubtedly, some of therii would like to stop buying from the Trust. Har- rlman has already ordered 160,000 tons from an independent concern which m akes open-hearth steel rails, but his example cannot be generally followed, because th e output of the comparatively few Independent open- hearth process mills Is not large enough to supply m o re than an in significant portion of the total cur rent demand. “In a recent Issue the Railroad Gazette said that no individual or combination of Individuals knows bet ter how to make good rails than the Steel Corporation, and drew atten tion to these points in the contro versy: ‘First, the criminal w illing ness of the Steel Corporation to m anufacture rails th a t cost human life; second, the attitude, almost equally criminal, on the part of many high railroad officers to ignore the plain tru th s that are being brought before them by their superintendents and chief engineers.’ “As shown above these officers now seem thoroughly roused. At the meeting of the American Railway Association not one representative of the railroads was satisfied with the rails now being received/ ./Rep resentatives of the steel-m akers who were present had nothing to say when asked to defend their processes of m anufacture.” ■ __ Is i— IBflf TILE PREFERRED. Tile are far to be preferred to the open ditch. They coat more, but they do the work of drainage more per fectly, and do not ofl^r the chance for the soil to wash away an la the case with the open ditch.— Farmers' Home Journal. CARE FOR TOOLS. Don’t leave the tools out to warp and rust In the w inter storms. One w inter’s exposure will h u r t them more than two or three years’ use. Clean them up and put them in the packing shed. A coat of paint ap plied now will add several years to the life qf the woodwork of tools.— Farm e rs' Home Journal. HOPEFUL PROSPECT. The most hopeful indication In the dairy line is the recent reduction in wholesale price of gluten feed. Drought and high cost grain have al most broken the dairym an's back. A little offset Is a welcome relief, espe cially since It probably foreshadows lower cost of other dairy feeds.— American Cultivator. WISE WORDS. m a n ’s on his Success Is apt to turn a head, even if he has a boil neck. And a woman nearly always thinks another woman is ugly If she doesn’t THE ANGORA GOAT. The abnormal appetite of the goat has been made use of by many enter prising farmers, and he has been unanimously proclaimed the m o st eco nomical agent in ridding pasture lands of the underbrush and obnox ious weeds. Not only does he clear pastures of brush and weeds, but he produces a m anure that Is rich In fer tilizing constituents and after him will spring an abundant crop of na tive grasses. He also produces a class of mutton th a t will vie w ith the best of lamb m u tton in nutritious ness and palatability, If taken off his bitter ration of weeds and leaves and fed a heavy ration of grain for six or eight weeks, says C. M. Evans, In Breeders’ Gazette. dustry has not been paralyzed and there has been ample store of In centive. Undeniably In the last twen ty years the condition of the German workingman has very greatly im proved; he has more comfort, more health, more joys. And this has been one of the greatest causes of his bet tered situation. FISH GET DRUNK ON WHISKY IN CREEK. Fifty T h o u s a n d B a r r e l s of Fire- •water F r o m Distillery E m p t i e d into S t r e a m . Scores of colonels living in the re gion of the tox^n of Midway, Ky., have taken to water, and are obtain ing their “sousas” with fishing poles. W hen Greenbauer’s distillery, which, for some reason or other, was situated near the creek, was de- troyed by fire, 50,000 barrels of fire w a ter were emptied into Elkjiorn Creek, and th e next day every fish th a t inhabited the creek below Mid way had a “hangover.” The whisky floated down stream at the rate of two miles an hour. Fish ermen along the banks noticed that the water suddenly was assum ing the color of their own bait. They were astonished to see staid old members of the finny family that had behaved themselves decorously for years sud denly flop out on the bank and at tem p t to climb a tree. Turtles came staggering up the slopes, pursued by crawfishes bent on a fight. -Every thing below the water line seemed to have been drinking like a fish. It was a glorious day for the fishes, but a sad one for the fishermen. The form e r were too drunk to see the bait. Crowds lined the creek all the m o rning watching the antics of the fish.— New York World. An Uncrnshable Toad. An experiment was recently made in the clay testing departm e n t of a m achinery company , a t Bucyrus, Ohio, in which a toad was placed in a tw e n ty ton brick press and was four tim e s submitted to a pressure of 11,- 000 pounds w ithout injury. The qijOSfetion at issue was whether such a pressure would kill the toad or w h ether Its ability to compress it self was sufficient to allow it to come out of the ordeal alive. The toad was first placed in a lump of granu- lous clay and the whole pressed into a brick. After the huge press had done its work the solid brick was lift ed from the machine and the thad winked its eyes contentedly, stretched its legs and hopped away.— P opular Mechanics. Wages. The Great W h ite Czar gets a sal ary of $26,000 a day, the Sultan of Turkey $18,000, the Em p e ror of Austria $12,000, the Kaiaer $11,290, the King of Italy about $7200, the King of England $6270, Leopold of Belgium $1700 and President Roose velt $1?7. Napoleon’s salary was about $16,000 a day. The President of France gets about $617 a day. The Thing That Counts. > Every man feels Instinctively that all the beautiful sentiments in the world weigh less thae a single lovely Women are naturally foolish; they are more afraid of mice than they are of men. ' In tim es of peace a lot of other wise sensible people make prepara tions to get married. Genius is said to be a certain form of madness, but the madness of most people is more or less uncertain. When a woman thinks she has a good figure, she looks disappointed if other women don’t look as it they thought so too. Cripples have running expenses the same as other people. If a m an has a wife he always knows w h a t to do w ith his money. The average man thinks his brand of politics is the only real thing. The foolish person who fools with a bee is apt to get a stinging rebuke. Some women abuse their husbands as a means of asserting their inde pendence. It’s a poor policy to judge a m an's worth by the amount of life insurance he carries. Yet the bunko m an’s little game is only skin deep. A rural melodrama should at least have a grass ploC The m an who pays his coal bills always has money to burn. Once in a great while a man ac tually heed’s his wife’s advice. Some men wear good clothes be cause they can’t afford not to. The female m atchm aker usually goes about disguised as a chaperon. A woman is seldom jealous of her husband’s first love after m eeting her. Women who cheapen themselves soon learn that men do not care for bargains. Even a pessimist can see more good in the world than the world can see in him. If the charity that begins at hom e Is the real thing it soon contracts the travel habit. In order to win success a man mu. get busy to-day. Yesterday was reality, but to-morrow is fictitious. The girl who becomes engaged to a young m an who doesn’t know how to kiss has cause to congratulate her self. The successful man not only takes advantage of the opportunities th a t come bis way but he m anufactures a j few for himself.— F rom “Pointed paragraphs,” in the Chicago News. A Duke's Remedy F o r Speed Mania. The Duke of Northumberland a t a conference on the m o tor question held at the Mansion House yesterday afternoon said he did not believe th a t the difficulties with m o torists would ever be overcome until for certain offenses the penalty was enforced of confiscating the car for so many months. His Grac? did not wish to be too hard on the poor motorist. “Let him come and see his car dally If he likes. Let him shed a tear over It daily and see to its health as It should be seen to; but don't let him use it for six months.” — London Chronicle. BACTERIA IN MILK. The Connecticut Experim ent Sta tion has recently conducted a series of experiments w ith a view of ascer taining the num b er of varieties of I bacteria In milk produced under aver- i age conditions and the source of these different varieties. From tests made of twenty-five Cows they found 300 varieties of bacteria present In average milk. F o u r per cent, of- these were found to Inhabit th e ud ders of the cows, gaining access to the m ilk through this organ. Twen ty-six per cent, gain access to the milk through feces th a t accidentally drop Into it during the operation of drawing it from the udder, while sev enty per cent, get into the m ilk by dropping off the surface of the cow. OATS FROM POOR SOIL. A m o st intelligent and successful farmer claims that when he took pos session, some years ago, of the farm which he now works, he found it im possible to raise good oats. Thirty bushels of poor, light oats were all he could get from an acre, while his straw was dull or rusty. Acting on the advice of a friend he salted an acre liberally as an experiment. The result was the grain nearly doubled on the acre, and the rust disappeared, while the unsalted portions of his oat field were rusty and the crop hardly worth harvesting. It depends on the character of the soil whether salt or lime, or plaster, will prove profitable. In all descriptions of experiments the soil should be carefully described.— Weekly Witness. BENEFIT OF HONEY BEES. The benefits the horticulturist de rives from honey bees in close prox imity to his fruit farm cannot be too strongly set forth. Experiments have proven beyond any doubt that bees are a valuable fertilizer of the fruit blossoms and the means of ma terially increasing the quantity as well as the quality of the fruit. As a pollen distributor among the fruit blossoms, nothing equals the honey bee, or will come anywhere near it in the distribution of pollen to secure the m o st effectual fertilization of blossoms. The theory that bees are injurious to blossoms or to sound fruit has completely fallen through since the subject has received the at tention necessary to discover the tacts.— Colman's R u ral W orld. adJon.-wLqwMH. Invehtors are now confining the;- attention almost entirely to thru branches— airships, automobiles end mprovements la electrical appliances. j FERTILIZING THE GARDEN. There is no better way to fertilize the garden than to haul fresh m an ure from the stable and spread over the surface during the winter. Con trary to the common belief there is never a time when m anure is so rich in plant food as the day it is made, and the sooner a fter th a t it can be got to the place where It is to be used the more value it will add to the soil. It is -almost impossible to put too much m anure on a garden. If put a foot thick on the surface it will leach so much more plant food Into the soil, and by plowing tim e the follow ing spring will be settled down until it can be plowed under to furnish hu mus for the betterm e n t of the physi cal conditions of the so il., Wood ashes make an excellent fer tilizer for the garden, but It should be saved and applied on top of the soll\ after l£ is plowed in the spring, as potash is one of the plant foods that triqy fie washed too deeply Into the soli to he reached by the roots of the garden plants, many of which are shallow rooted. — Farmers’ B o w - JeornaL .\v ^
