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THE NASSAU POST: FEEVONT, N.Y, TWUWOAY., OCTOOEW «S. W 4 Confusing New Bedquilt Paper Ballots Drive Voters to Desperation and the Automatic .Voting Machines are the Voters Only Relief High State Election Official Calls Latest Leg islative Bugaboo a Nightmare of Trouble and Predicts Unprecedented Complications and Contests~ls Sure Voting Machine Results W ill be Unchallenged- Town of Hempstead to Try Out Six Machines SWING OF THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS POSSIBLE HERE ,-By James E. Stiles I asked a high s tate election official yesterday whether he anticipated any serious trouble from the use of th e- new paper ballot next week. It was a perfectly natural and Inoffensive q uestion for a newspaper man to ask but the effect of Innocently asking It was to throw that dignified sta te election official into a towering rage. When he cooled down sufficiently to perm it of articulate speech, he said: \Trouble! Serious trouble 'Great Scott, man, trouble is my earn e s t twin brother. It’s with me day and n ight. We are inseparable. And for fear that I may forget my ney paper b allot troubles for a single moment the mail man every morning dumps a per feet deluge upon my desk of frantic appeals from local, election officials t o decide a thousand and one new and confusing points that this new night mare ballot has raised and a mess of letters from anxious candidates askin g me to tell them how they can in a simple way instruct their followers h ow to properly vote. Simple! Help. There is no simple way. There is no thing simple about the new paper bal lot except the printing bills and they are simply enormous. \We are all working day and nigh t with added clerks and an expensive corps of legal advisors. We are keep ing up fairly well with our vwrK but the strain is terrific and our real wor k has not really begun. The minute the polls close the protests and cont ests will begin. One irate candidate told me a few days ago that if he was defeated, no m atter by what count, he would contest his opponent’s elect ion and fight the case through the courts for months and I don’t know T- at I would blame him. \The only oases in our Sahara of trouble are the places., where voting machines are used. The adoption of the new form of paper ballot has not interferred with thef machines and we do not anticipate any contests where the machines are used. We never do have trouble in those places.” From all sections of the state where the new paper ballot is to be used there has gone up a howl of protest unequalled in the memory ot *<e pro verbial oldest inhabitant. It is not a yelp here and a yelp there as from a few discontented ones in an other wise contented pack but the whole pack is in full cry hat on the trail of the men responsible for this new bugaboo of a paper ballot. Big cities, towns and villages are included. The only contented ones seem to be those places where voting machines are used and their smiling satisfaction proves doubly aggravating to the less fortunate places. Paper Ballots Prove Confusing In the places where the new paper ballot is to be used candidates, elec tion officers, party workers and voters gre all confused by the seeming (some say positive) Impossibility of properly casting and counting the vote. Law yer* and even Judges on the bench disagree and therefore explanations only serve to further confuse. Argu m ents and claims have already arisen which will inexitably be carried into Gfong drawn out and costly election contests. Highly intelligent voters, experimenting with the John Doe bal lots, have made m istakes in marking them as It for regular voting which would either have cost them their votes for certain chosen and favored candidates or utterly spoiled them thus costing them their entire vote. O thers have marked them wrongly in such a way that the courts would have to decide on the right of the votes so marked to be counted at all. W ith the less Intelligent and the care less voters and particularly with the very large mass of virtually illiterate voters, the number of spoiled and de fective ballots will be without ques tion, enormous. The change from the one style Of straight party voting (by , merely marking a cross in the circle under the party's emblem) to the new style of individual voting (making it abso- star emblem which will prove a nat- nral temptation and plausible trap to cause many voters, of all classes, to m ark their crosses there and thus either lose their votes or vote for candidates to whom they are opposed politically. The spaces are under the stars and are filled in with only two very finely printed black lines which are not real ly'sufficient in a bad light or to the quick glance to indicate to the aver age persons that they are not places in which crosses are to be marked. These spaces are in the same places as the correct space in which tne democratic voter would place his cross to vote for the governor—which is the first mark that the average democrat would make. The fact of marking the first cross under the star (which in the case of the vote for Governor only would be correct) is suggestive of the necessity of marking all other crosses under the stars to vote the democratic ticket. But—if the democratic voters yield to the natural inclination to place their crosses under the star when vot ing for Secretary of State, Comptrol ler, Associate Judge of the Court of Appeals, United States Senator, State Senator and Member of Assembly they will not only fail to vote for their democratic choices for those offices but will possibly actually cast their votes for the Republican candl- flcials, declare their mistake, turn in the spoiled ballot and get a new onej This new one they m ust m ark all over again being sure to put a cross in the RIGHT place near the name of every man they wish to vote for. If there was to be only one of these new style bedquilt paper ballots it would be bad enough but throughout the state there will be from one to three additional paper ballots (where voting m lchines are not used) not all of which are to be marked In the same way. Counting the vote a t the close of the polls, where the paper ballot is used, will this year prove an alm ost literal ly endless task. It will not be pos sible to lay aside all the \straight” tickets and then count the \split\. This year each candidate’s individual vote must be counted for each office is taken up which will necessitate the handling of each ballot as many times as there are candidates on each of the paper ballots where individual voting is required. Where previously, even with the paper ballot, it was possible for the election officials to complete their count by three or four o’clock of the morning following election day it is probable that this year it will take many, many hours longer with the difficulties increased many hundred percent., and as no recess is taken in the count it will be perfectly natur al to expect many m istakes and slight ing of the count due to the inexnitable extreme mental and physical exhaus tion of the election officials and the naturally Irritated tempers. One small up-state town boasted that it finished it’s primary count on the new style paper ballot in three and a half days. All This Trouble Is Costly And one of the worst features of the new style paper ballot is that virtual ly all of the added trouble and delay -means a considerable added expense in one way or another so that the ag gregate increased cost of holding elec tions (where voting machines are not used) will be great as to be stunning The largest single item of increased expense will of course be the printing bill for from one to four paper ballots some of them two feet long and one foot wide to say nothing of the John Doe ballots. It must also be remembered that the successes. One upplication of that somewhat complex philosophical com petent is the attention which has been Attracted by the new form of paper ballot to the voting machine. The otlng Machine a Safeguard The voting machine has been aptly described by a prominent editorial writer as \too stupid to,'make a mis take.” It offers no tem ptation to a voter to do the wrong thing; it pre vents the voter from doing the wrong thing; it cannot think for the voter beyond that preventive action and it does what it is built to do but posi tively nothing more. The finest watch will not run a washing machine and the finest washing machine will not indicate the time of day. Either will do what it was built to do and noth ing more. So it is with the ovting ma chine. It is b u ilt'to properly record and count votes and it will do that perfectly but nothing more. The recent primaries in this state in some of which the new form of pa per ballot and individual voting were first used, attracted a great deal of attention; first by a comparison of the time in which the results were known in those cities and towns where votig machines and paper bal lots were used; second because of the greatly increased cost through the use of the paper ballots even for pri maries and third because of the ab sence of wrangles where voting ma chines were used. A m ajority of the cities of the first and second class throughout this state and more than one hundred other towns and villages in the state total ling more than 55 per cent, of the votes in the entire state, outside of Greater New York, a re now using and have successfully and satisfactorily used voting machines for from one to sixteen years. Those cities and towns where the paper ballot was used are now deluging the main of fices of the manufacturing company in New York with inquiries as to the cost of voting machines and particu larly for estimates of possible saving by their use, complaining that the in creased primary expenses foretell such a greatly increased regular elec tion expense that they feel sure their bills will not be passed by the auditors without hard fights as well as com plaining of the! resignation of election officials who refused to put up with i and illiterate ‘voter, feels that a bne. I the other offices to be filled. At the | and the back o f the machine was description of voting machines will be timely and generally beneficial. Such statem ents, facts and figures as are used in this article are the direct result of staff Investigation, ac tual use of the machines and corres pondence with officials in places where the machines have long been in successful yse. The voting machine is a simple mechanical device as near absolute perfection a s mechanical genius, twen ty years of development, and sixteen years of actual successful use, can be. It is designed to safely, surely, swiftly and honestly record and au tomatically count votes a t a saving sufficient to enable it to pay for itself out of what it actpally saves the com munity in election expenses. And it does all of that. A Giant In Performance In appearance it is a midget. In performance it is a giant. The first voting mahine was fourteen feet square. The present perfected type top of the machine the questions amendments to be voted upon are printed each in its own space. Above that again are the spaces in which a voter may write the name of a man for whom hb wishes to vote but who is not nominated by any party—in other words what is sometimes called the “blank ballot.\ Over the name of each and every candidate there is a small hardened steel lever. Under the questions or amendments there is a lever (one for each) which can be turned to point a t ‘Yes” or \No\ ac cording to the voter’s wish. That is all there is to the voting surface of the machine. Remember that the voter has had ample opportunity to become familiar with the voting surface of the machine and the method of operating it through the medium of the printed duplicate and the small working mo del of the machine placed, by law, upon the walls of the voting place. The following instruction is all that has a face about five feet square and I it is necessary to give any voter to The Town of Hempstead, up to July 1st, 1914, had 27 election districts. Under the provisions of Sections 296 and 297 of Chapter 244 of the Laws of 1914, the Town Board was required on or before July 1st, 1914, to redistrict the Town, increasing the number of districts to 43, because of the new form of ballot limiting each election district to 350 voters. But, under the provisions of Section 419 of the above laws, if voting machines should be installed, the Town would not need more than 30 dis tricts. The reasons for the above are that, under the new form of paper ballot, the voting must necessarily be slow, and election districts are allowed to contain no more than 350 voters. But, where voting machines are used, the voting is much faster, and the law therefore permits the districts to contain 450 voters each. Therefore, by the use of voting machines in the Town of Hempstead, there would be a saving of they entire expense of 13 election districts. The expense of each district is as follows: Registration 4 Inspectors of Election 2 days @ $12.00 per day General Election 4 Inspectors of Election @ $12.00 per day 2 Ballot Clerks <g> $12.00 ” 2 Poll Clerks @ $12.00 ” $96.00 48.00 24.00 24.00 Total co=t of one district The savings in 13 election districts would be In addition to this saving, there would be the saving of two Ballot Clerks in each of the 30 districts required if machines are used. Each ballot clerk receives $12.00 a day, making a total of $192.00 13 $2496.00 720.00 lutely necessary to m ark a cross In the right btAoe otoae to name of each apd every candidate for wbqm the voter wlsljeKit»i ofBt a . vote).- will rer suit in a tremendous loss of votes to all candid*t*fi-)U j i :. ‘w iio: . fi A Dangerous Tra$» For vbters This is pArtipjilarljrAyuq .beeftpse 'of the fact that ‘ the ythcea where the i the namei stance to em o r on the nejr paper baljbot, the voter shoutit: place i /hiauerosa.' u the democratic party’s star emblem tn<i expens whereas to, vhte toe thte democratic PneS only to the lieutenant the cross should be marked voting. bs of the .-candidates. For in- » vbto tbr the • democratic geV- in the space to the right of the star candidates for. Secretary r <q( Sf Comptroller. As**taw! JuABf'of Court of A] a a r the democratic party's space under This illustration shows a section of the face of one of the six voting machines to be used in the Town of Hempstead on Tuesday.. .Such of the ballot as is shown is official but the questions to be voted on here will be shown on the machine on election day (they are blank on this reproduction). A similiar style of diagram, the full size of the face of the machine with all candidates’ names in place and all questions pointed on it in full, will be displayed on the walls of the polling place on and before election day for the information and instruction of voters...The machines have room for seven parties and thirty candidates in each party and fifteen questions or amendments. T o tal ............ $3216.00 officials who refused to put up with [ In addition to the above would be the saving in room rent, fuel, light, the added work at the old prices regu- ballot boxes, voting stalls, and other supplies that would be needed in the 13 districts eliminated There would also be a large saving both to the Town and to the County in the ost of the ballots, as where Paper Ballots are used, n m , h f l ll n t must he provided for every voter, whereas, with machines, each Q U E S T I O N 1 Y E S ^ N O Q U E S T I O N 2 Y E S ^ N O Q U E S T I O N 3 Y E S A N O Q U E S T I O N 4 Y E S ^ N O 1 2 FOR GOVERNOR V o te for on e 3 FOR LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR V o t e f o r o n e 1 4 FOR SECRETARY OF STATE V o te-for o n e 5 FOR COMPTROLLER V o te f o r on e N 6 FOR TREASURER V o te for on e 7 FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL V o te for one 1 8 FOR STATE ENGINEER AND SURVEYOR V o te for one 1 IA 2A M a r tin H. G lynn '^ ' D e m o e n t k g ^ l n d . Le«<ue 3A T h o m a s B. L o c k w o o d ^ ’'D e m o c ratic 4A M itch e ll M a y Dem o cratic ^ I n d L m g - 5A W illiam Soh m e r Dem o cratic led . League 6A A lb e r t C. <5 Carp Dem o cratic 7A James A. Parsons Dem ocratic 0 % 8A John A. Bensel Dem o cratic IB 26 C h a r les 8 . W h it m a n ^ t o p s U t c u 3B E d w a r d S c h o e n e c k ( ^ K w f c l l t u g ^ I n d . League 4B F r a n c is M. H u g o ^ l e p e H l c u SB E u g e n e M. T r a v l e ^ K r p a U i c t n 6B J a m e s L. W e lle (^ R e p e M l c s i e E L 7B E g b u r t E. Woodbury Repiblictn G Q s 8B Frank M. Williams RepiMlcin 1C 2C F r e d e r ick M, D a v e n p o r t j^ j P r o g i w i l t o 3C C h a u n c e y J. H a m lin j^PrwrwIve 4<r S y d n e y W. Stqrn [^Q P retrtH lm s c John B. B u r n h a m jijjrfjProirettiw 6C Homer D. can f^fjP ro tm r iT c I n i League 7C Robert H. Elder j^ j P r o t r t s t i v e 8C Lloyd Collis [^{ProgrtislTC one ballot must be provided for every voter, whereas, j voter uses the same ballot. It will he seen from the above that, by the use of voting machines, the , Town could save at least $3216.00 at each election. As there are three ! elections every year, this would be an average annual saving of $4824.00 1 Each machine cost $600.00, making the total cost 'of the 30 machines required $18000.00. Within four years, therefore, the saving the machines would make in election expenses would more than equal their entire cost, and after that, the taxpayers would be saving $4824.00 ayear. if the Town should install an equipment of machines and, instead of paying cash for them, should pay for them in installments equal to what- evver they would save In election expenses, the machines could be had without any expense whatever to the taxpayers, by simply making the pay ments on them out of the election fund that would have to be raised each year under the paper ballot system. i in addition to the saving to the Town and County by the use of voting i machines, would be a saving to each village in the Town at Village elections. is about twelve inches thick. It stands on edge, as it were, supported by steel legs. It has camparatively few moving parts, aside from the counters which operate on the princi ple of the speedometer or old bicycle cyclometer. All movements are whav mechanics call, positive movements, meaning that there are no rubber tubes, wires or strings that might be warped or stretched or conttracted by changes of temperature. The finest workmanship and the best and most durable materials are used. It is complete In itself requiring no booths or fixings. When unboxed it is set up in ten minutes and ready for instant use. It is as easily dismount ed and stored away in a very small space and being rust and dust proof suffers no deteriatlon. It is protected in every part with simple but effective Individual locks as safely as a bank vault. The claim of its sucessful operation for many years in many states has been investigated by the Nassau Post and proved. Its apearance and operation in ac tual elections and in its demonstra tion to our investigators in Police Headquarters in Freeport and in Hempstead has furnished an illustra lion of the adaption of an inanimate machine to the expression of a highly mportant mental process that is notu ing short of marvelous. The voter when his turn comes in stead of being handed a collecjSon of intricately folded and confusingly printed paper ballots, and sent into a mark them before handing enable him to vote properly and then actually count ihs own vote. Voting On Machines Is Simple \Move the large handle as far to the right as it will go and leave it there. Then pull down a lever over the name of each man for whom you wish to cast a vote and leave it down. Move the levers which are under the ques tions or amendments until they point to ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ according to bow you wish to vote and leave them there. Then throw the big handle to' the left as far as it will go and step away from the machine.” Voters by following those simple instructions vote satisfactorily for all candidates and on all questions in from fifteen seconds to one minute al though the law allows them three full minutes. i have told you of the brief instruc tion given for voting on the machine. Now let me explain, as it was explain ed and demonstrated to me, what those few simple movements do In the operation of voting. When the big handle is thrown to the right It unlocked the machine for voting and drew a curtain around the voter giving his complete privacy. The small levers pulled down over the name of each man Indicated the voter's intention to vote for that man hut did not record his vote. The same applied to moving the question leve. to “Yes” or “No”. Throwing the big handle to the left automatically, posi tively and unchangeably recorded one vote for each man over whose name a lever was turned down and record ed either “Yes” or “No” on each ques- locked and the face sealed by snap ping a lock around the shank of the big handle and threading a special patent sealing metal ribbon around the lock and handle. An official examiner then. In the presence of two party watchers. In spected the machine and when en tirely satisfied that it was ready for proper use (as soon as unsealed In the presence of the election officials Just previous to the opening of the polls) signed a sworn statem e n t to that effect as did also the cusiodlfa and the two party watchers. U seem ed to me absolutely impossible to tam p er with the machine without breaking the seal which was promin ently numbered with figured stamped into the metal. After the close of the polls election officials of different parties with the special keys (there are two sets) first locked the face of the machine mak ing ft Impossible to cast another vote and opened the back of the machine to look at the counters. As the face was locked it would have been impos sible to change the counters even had all hands been in league because the face being locked, as I said, the voting mechanism was locked. Full Count In 30 Minutes To take the count the election offi cials who were stationed at the back of the now opened, machine read off the total (and only) count recorded on each counter by number—to wit “4 B-709” which figures were set down on the tally or return sheet opposite the andldate accredited with “4 B”. When all the numbers on the counters bad been read -off and recorded on the return sheet the count was ended, it consumed thirty minutes. So much for the simple voting and counting system.—I was still unsatis fied that the reports from election and city officials in the places where vot ing machines have been in use for years as to the remarkable claim and Hat signed statem ents of these gentle men that the machine would prevent fraud and save a man. despite himself, from carelessly spoiling his vote. I wanted to he convinced. I was. It was pointed qut to me that the law decides upon how many men shall be voted for under one heading as for instance this year one vote to be cast for each Individual office such as Governor, Secretary of State, etc., and three district delegates. It was also conclusively demonstrated to me on the machine that if one lever was pulled down and left down over the name of any candidate of any party for the office of governor, for instance, all other levers in the governor column were automatically locked and could not lie forced down—one man and all the law allows having already been voted for for that office. In the case of district delegates where it is permissible to vote for three I found that a fourth man could not be voted for although I proved for myself that if I made a mistake in turning down a lever over the name of the wrong man or changed my mind and wanted to vote for Jones after I had pulled down Smith’s lever that all I had to do was to throw up the lever over Smith’s name and then pull down the one of Jones whereas with a paper ballot, and individual voting 1 would ■ not only have to get a new ballot but I would have to mark by crosses all over again for every candidate Just to change my mind in one instance. Could Not Spoil My Vote I found also that if I wanted to change my mind in the m a tter of my vote on any question or amendment I had only to shift the lever from “Yes” to “No” or vice versa. I could spoil a paper ballot in any one of many ways but I dlscbvered that there was no way in which I could spoil my vote on a voting machine either by carelessness, through ignorance or by design. As far as the Town of Hempstead directly is concerned it seems to me and to others who have been interest ed, civilly, in a thorough investigation of the voting machines that voting machines offer a aure solution of the election difficulties with which we have long been beset. I have told you what I have found them capable of doing and what others have proved to their credit. I>et me give you in a box on this page a rough estim ate of the money that would be saved in the Town of Hemp stead if they were installed in all its districts (and money is not the only thing that would be saved, by a long shot). Incident!y I understand that the manufacturing company is willing to accept payment from Hempstead— the basis of which will he the town’s ?h0e°m r e ^ T n o t t i e r k ^ a r i n the'offi j ^ ^ c k ^ ^ m a 'c h t o e ^ g a t o s ? 'f u r - - ™ . ........... ... . ............... way, is directed to the voting machine. | ‘^ V n t t , the next vorer should ow» °mclal e.8.tlmate ot wl^ t tLe ma' He has no ballot of any kind in his dates according to a recent ruling that la case: o f error in placing the cross the generfl location of the crosses may be taken to indicate the \inten tion, of the voter” and in many cases ttee misplaced cross alongside of the Republican Eagle emblem would be d*0tfte».to,.ledttAltie the intention of ’the voter to vote for the Republican pao(U4ate r w h eaeas, m a m a tter of fact he was keenly Anxious to vote idate. 11s in the new paper ballot but the one mentioned is , A let! cross - under ihtible-Jto'uaoee- the greatest trouble SUSS putting\UtUng” trouble AP- With “sp the trouble will be greatly multipUed. Big Jog ember also that If i m ^ J a m e m b v mistake is made In They should go out to the election jog 1 marking th dn inclinations may suggest ure or increased cost of conducting elections with the new paper ballot is quite aside from the cost of election con tests and the long uncertainty of who is really elected. The delay in accre diting and installing men elected to office where contests result will mean also a delay In the transaction of pub lic business and a consequent coet to taxpayers and to those dom^, busi ness with municipalities and towns. The new paper ballot is an evolu tion from many forms of ballot in this state. The theory of evolution presupposes a culmination in perfec tion but there are many who char- t party ticket acterixe the latest paper ballot foisted larly paid. > Town of Hempstead Interested The experiences of up-state places and the turning of officials to the vot ing machine for relief is brought close to home in our Town of Hempstead where voting machines are to be used for the first time in six of its forty three districts. It is officially estim at ed that the machines will pay for themselves in the course of a few elections and that thereafter they will save the town, when used in all its districts, several thousand dollars an nually—figures of which are given elsewhere on this page. In view of the discussion growing Upon the unsuspecting, but now loudly out of this flrBA u®e °* voting ma protesting public as a foosle, a miscun a back-firp, a (liver, an error in fleld- ifig or-ln whatever way their sporting ip r, Philosopher once said that public benefits because serious attention to '< • s chines here. The Nassau Post, fully believing that voting machines will not only greatly Tscllitate the honest casting and counting of votes at a great saving of both time and money, at the same time proving an almost Incslcpble benefit to the dull diffident hand. The only ballot used is one at tached to the face of the voting ma chine and which is not to be handled by the voters or by the election of ficials once it has been officially plac ed on the machines before the open ing of the polls. That one oailot ou the machine is the only one used In voting with a voting machine. Full Instructions Given A printed duplicate of the surface of the machine containing the names of all candidates in exactly the same position which they occupy on the ma chine itself and a working model of the machine are required by law to be hung upon the walls of the voting place, both before and during the holding of the election for the inform ation and instruction of voters. When the voter steps up to the ma chine to vote he faces seven rows of printed names of candidates running from left to right. Each political par ty has a straight row all to Itself and every candidate of that party is in his party row. The name of the office for which each candidate Is running is over that candidate’s name and every candidate tor governor, tor Instance, Is In the up and down row headed by the word ‘‘Governor\ and so on with , < V ,L i,r . V o m u ^ h i n . chines actually save each year- be officially admit - _ . i which seems not only a fair proposl- _ by the election inspector and opened , Uon but om, wh|(,h th(, town m the curtain. From Personal Investigation Having seen other voters vote on the machine and having voted on it myself, I was naturally curious to know how the count was taken at the close of the polls and wliat protective measures were taken to remove the afford or reject if formally offered to it by the company. Voting machines are now in use in more than 150 places in this state Including Buffalo, Elmira, Geneva, tt- haca, Newburgh, Nlagra Falls, Ro chester, Rome. Poughkeepsie, Sehe- n n f ‘ta/1 v Rvr$i f i i a o T r n v V I tnfl W n t p r - measures we.e nc, tady, Syracuse, Troy, Utica. Water- possibility of fraud ei h r >y 1 | town, Wateroliet, Tonawanda, Rotter- heads, Herkimer, Oloversvllle Chau tauqua, Corning, Batavia, Auburn and ness the taking of the count. Before the opening of the polls the official custodian, a local appointee, first locked the face of the machine and then opened the back of the m a chine exposing the counting devices which consist of a wheel counter simi liar to the mileage recording device on an automobile speeaomrrer—one counter for every lever on the voting face of the machine. These counters are all numbered to correspond with the number accredited to the candi date whose name appears on the vot ing face ot the machine under the lever which belongs to the counter. All of the counters were turned to aero (which shows unmistakably red) O Amsterdam. Voting machines are also used in Bridgeport, Conn.; New Haven, Conn; Harford, Conn.; Waterbury, Conn.; throughout Alameda County, 0 1 .- 2 0 0 machines; Sacramento, Cal.; Vallejo, Cal.; Arapahoe County, Cal.; Indian apolis, Ind.; Black Hawk County, lo- ,~ wa; Saginaw, Mich.; Bay City, Mich.; Minneapolis, Minn.; Silver Bow Coun ty, Mont. ; Omaha, Neb.; Salt Lake Cty, Utah; Appleton, Wla.; Fond du Lac, Wis.; Pittsfield, Mass.; Mllwau- kee, Wla.; Des Moines, la.; Butte, Mont.; Grand Junction, Col. and many other places.
