{ title: 'The Democratic eagle. (Cape Vincent, N.Y.) 18??-188?, February 02, 1882, Page 4, Image 4', download_links: [ { link: 'http://www.loc.gov/rss/ndnp/ndnp.xml', label: 'application/rss+xml', meta: 'News about NYS Historic Newspapers - RSS Feed', }, { link: '/lccn/sn94057708/1882-02-02/ed-1/seq-4/png/', label: 'image/png', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn94057708/1882-02-02/ed-1/seq-4.pdf', label: 'application/pdf', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn94057708/1882-02-02/ed-1/seq-4/ocr.xml', label: 'application/xml', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn94057708/1882-02-02/ed-1/seq-4/ocr.txt', label: 'text/plain', meta: '', }, ] }
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Bogus Brilliants. ''How do your diamonds compare with the genuine?\ \Put them side by side and you can't tell them apart, Let me show you some samples,\ and the dealer turned to-his iron safe and got out a box of unset \diamonds\ of about three oarats each.\\ Handing the scribe a dainty pair of tweezers he requested him to ex- amine the stones before the light. The reporter picked up one of the gems as carefully as though it were a $20,000 stone, and held it before his optics. It sparkled brilliantly, was cut perfectly, and anybody but an expert would sup- pose it to be a genuine' diamond. The reporter was tempted to slip the stone up his sleeve, until he asked the price of it, when, getting the reply, \One dollar,\ he dropped it as though it was poisonous. \Here are some thirty beautiful speci- mens, ' remarked the merchant, as he unfolded another paper and laid before the scribe half a dozen stones about the size of a door knob. These are worn principally by gamblers on account of their extraordinary size. \They come a great deal higher than those others I have Bhown you, I sell these at $2.50 apiece, or a pair of them for a sei'io- j comic singer's earrings at $4.25, They are exceedingly brilliant, you see, and at night shine like a locomotive head- light. Here are a lot of little diamonds that sell fromtweuty-five to seventy-five cents each.\ \Are those made of paste or fishscales? \Oh no; I never deal in paste goods, These stones come from the Sierra Nevada mountains, and are cut and polished in New York; and some are even sent to Paris to be out and are then returned to this country. They are the best imitation ot the dia- mond made, and retain their brilliancy forever. JSot being as hard as the dia- mond, care has to be taken in not get- ting them scratched.\ ' 'You remarked before that the trade was simply im- mense. I suppose that the second or middle class of society are the greatest purchase! s of these imitations'! 1 \ ''That's where youi-'re wrong. The pviuoipal buyers and wearers of 'snide' diamonds are those who move in the highest society, and I'll tell you tha reason why. Let a lady who oounts hot wealth by the hundreds of thousands appear in public with a pair of six or eight carat 'diamond' earrings, and the people never suspect that they are 'snide.\ Tney imagine that because the wearer is wealthy she would never degrade herself by wearing two-dollar diamonds, but such is the case, Hundreds of times have I matched genuine diamonds for high-toned ladies and it is actually impossible to tell them apart, lou see, when a person of wealth wears 'snide' diamonds, you can iiardly make people believe that they are anything else than genuine, while, on the other hand, let a person in more reduced circumstances wear gejuine diamonds, and everybody they -meet will tarn up their noses and remark they are 'snide,' So that is the reason the people of wealth can throw on so much Btyle with very little expense.\ fflWfrfTfWifaW.tft)))W<l*»»MlM Scraps. Do not manliest impatience. Do not engage in argument. Do not interrupt another when speaking. Do not find fault, though you may gent- ly criticise. Do not speak of your private, personal and family matters. Do not appear to notice inaccuracies of speech in others. Do not allow yourself to lose temper or speak excitedly. Do not allude to unfortunate peculiari- ties bt any one present. Do not always commence a conversation by allusion to the weather. Do not when nan at'iDg an incident, con tinually say \you see,\ \you know,\ etc. Do not intrude professional or other top- ics that the company generally cannot take au interest in. Do not be absent minded, requiring the speaker to repeat what has been said that you may understand. Do not speak disrespectfully of personal appearance when anyone present may have the same defects. Do not try to force yourself into the con- fidence of others. If they give their con fideuce never betray it. Do not use profanity, vulgar terms, slang phrases, words of double meaning, or lan- guage that will bring the blush to any one. Do not intersperse your language witn foreign words and high sounding terms. It shows affect tion, and will draw ridicule upon you. Do not carry on a conversation with another m company at out matters which the general company knows knothing of. It is almost as impolite as to whisper. Do not allow yourself to speak ill ot th c absent ones if it can be avoided; the day may come when some friend may be need- ed to defend you in your absence. Do not speak wifcb contempt and ridicule of a locality wLece you may Le visilina:; find something to Iruthf ully praise and com- mend; thus making yourself agreeable. Do not. make a pretense of gentility, nor parade the fact that you are a descendant of any noble family. You must pass for just what you are, and stand on your own • merit. _- ».^» — mutton to Death. •Since Meazeppa most unwi 1 ngly rode to death the wildest Tartar steed of his peri- od, few such surprising feats of horseman- ship have been recorded in the pages cf history or romance as that to which pub- licity has been recently given by the ma- jority of our Hungarian contemporaries. Perhaps horsemanship is scarcely the cor- rect term to apply to tuis extraordinary performance; deermanship wonld proba- bly be the more appropriate word The other day, while a noble stag of ten was being hotly chased by the Kaposzlasmcgy erer hounds—a subscription pack—jne Karl Poros, a discharged iiussar, managed to bring the t .rrified ai l nal to a stanrlst.ll in some close cover through which it was forcing its way, and by an almost super- human effort of strength and agility, to Vault upon it« back. After several desper- ate and unsuccessful attempts to dislodge its rider from his seat, the stag, stimulat- ed anew Ih flight by the cry of the fast- appproaehmg hounds, resumed its course, but it soon broke down under the weight Of its unaccustomed burden and gave up the ghost through sheer exhaustion and terror. Poros was found by the hunts- men Bitting on the uuwounded carcass of the stag, which he had literally ridden to death and resolutely claimed as the just reward of an achievement unprecedented in the annals of the chase. Pew people appreciate the value of little and apparently insignificant things. £n some foreign countries \the litter of domestic animals is. carefully collected and solcl to farmers. Not a few people make a livjng gathering fertilizers in this way. In the shops of jewelers and others where articles are manufactured of gold and silver, great care is taken to pre- vent the waste of the precious metal. Every particle of filling, scraping, or grinding is preserved for the assayer. The wheels upon which gold and silver have been polished, when worn out, are burned, and the fire develops par- ticles of the precious metals which could not be seen by the 1'aked eye. Even the sweepings, after great care has been taken to pick up every bit of metal that may have fallen on the floar, are preserved, and i n New York Oity sell for $70 a barrel. I v , is estimated that when a jeweler's shop is to be re- newed the dirt accumulated in the cre- vices will more than pay the cost of the new floor. It is said that the veceipts from the salo of the'refuse of starch mills, which is used toy farmers as feed for hogs and [ other stock, constitute a large part of the profits, and that if this refuse could not bo sold some mills would be com- pelled to be run at a loss. The paper 'trimmings' of a large xn-in- ting office, like the Harpers or Apple- tons, aro worth thousands of dollars a year. Lumbermen have found use for near- ly every part of a tree, and scraps that a few years ago accumulated so rapidly as to be a source of inconvenience and consequently expense, are now sold for a good price and are in great de- mand. The value of tobacco scraps is more highly appreciated in Europe than in America, but even here in the manuf ao- ture of cjgars very little is allowed to go to waste. The stems and ribs of tobacco leaves that are rejected by the cigar makers are sold to farmers for manure. The cuttings and odd scraps are sent to the \cigarette manufacturer, or to Eu- rope for p'pe smoking. The great waste in tobacco is with the consumer. It is estimated that about one third of the tobacco made into ci- gars is thrown away in stumps, and that the smokers of the best cigars throw away the biggest stumps. The enor- mous waste in this country is attributed largely to the very limited use of cigar- holders, which are more popular in Eu- rope. In Paris the gathering of cigar Btunip is a recognized industry, and hi the Place Maubert there is a regular market for them. The 'tip,' or head of the cigar, which the American bites off and throws away is oarefully preserved in Europe, and in some localities is the basis of a vast or- ganized charity. Its use for this purpose dates back only a couple of decades. A German philosopher observing that much valuable tobacco was wasted by the rejection of this cigar tip, oouceived the notion that if a general collection of the tips could bo made,and the material put to use, a handsome revenue would result. .After awhile \spitzelvarine\ or tip societies, were organized in all parts of of Germany, and a regular system of collections was devised. Every member made it his business to collect cigar tips from hie friends, and boxes were placed in tobacco stores and saloons. The tips were collected monthly, and at the end of the year were sold to snuff or smoking tobacco manufacturers. The system in time grew to extraordinary proportions, and hundreds of poor children in Ger- many are to day clothed and fed through this simple agency. The 'tip' collecting plan has been adopted in England, where the proceeds are given to the hospitals, and in Den mark, where the tips beJp to sustain a charitable hospital in Copenhagen, and pay for the education and support of a number of pioor girls until they are-able to take care of themselves. It seems probably that the tips thrown away in this country, where are said to be more cigars smoked than in all Europe to- gether, could be collected, and used for some good purpose. Cutting Boga In Sw>\*Vl>s. There.are a good many good things that get dropped and picked up at these winter, meetings of farmers, which cost nothing in the dropping, but are often Well worth the picking up. The old- fashioned methods of ouiting bogs in swamps' that are being reclaimed, was. to use a bog hoe, an implement shaped something like a oarpenter's adze, but broader on the edge, and with twisted aye to fit a right handed or left handed man. The method of using was to strike the hoe on all sides of the bog or has- sock just about level with the surface, and if the bog was not more than twee the width of the length of the hoe from edge to handle, it would then be cut en- tirely off. Otherwise it might require prying over to one side with a crowbar* while a second hand gave the finishing blow at the cen tre roots. This was a slow, hard way to bog over a large swamp. Oapt. Moore, in his lecture, hapx>ened to allude to what he considers a better Vay. He takes an old broad axe, such as carpenters formerly used for hewing timber, and tokos it to a black- smith and has the eye turned up for the handle just to fit the man who is to use it; then put in a handle of suitable length and swing away at the bogs just as one would swing at a tree that was to be-felled. A good smart blow will out. off a bog that would require several blows from the old-fashioned bog hoes. As hewed timber has gone pretty much out of fashion in New England, and swamp lands when drained, are often the best lands we have, there ought to be a num- ber of old broad axes lying around rus- ting, which would be put to a better use if fixed over into bog cutters. The black- smith must know when twisting the handle, whether theaxe is to be used right or left handed. About Motlis. The destruction caused by these little pests can only be counted by millions yearly,, and they are the plague of every housekeeper. Unless you hermetically seal a oasK or box you can scarcely keep a miller out, as she will crawl through a good sized pin hole. Therefor 3 we must use something offensive, and the writer has found nothing so effective and cheap as petroleum paper, and even tar roofing paper w.ll answer. Buy you.': paper in rolls; cut in sections long enough to cover the inside, the bottom and tha sides and lap over on the top of the box. All of the inside of the box must be covered, and on the inside of this again, place wrapping paper, to prevent the contact of nice clothing with the petroleum paper. Use a large box —no matter about its being very tight as the paper will cover the holes—and pack in all your woolens and furs, filling it full. Bring the paper up which has been hanging over the aides ol the box, and let it cover the whole so that the miller cannot enter without crawling over the petroleum pajier, which she will never do. Nail on the cover of yoar box, and your clothing is safe for three years if you wish to leave it that long. It is much cheaper and does not eva- porate like camphor, and the carbolic acid in it seems fo aet like an antiseptic on the animal fiber of the wool, to pre- serve and make it healthful. Mi'. Cafl Bosk, anaturaliit now explor- ing Siam, discovered in Sumfttratwo j ears ago the. smallest antefope in the world. The adult of this species waj birely fifteen inches in length and nine in height. Tito Moorish Kale in Spain. settled On the north «of Africa settled the lurid form of the Arabian crescent, one horn reached to the Bosx>horus and one pointing to the Pyrenees. Scarcely had the Arabs become firmly settled in Spain, when they commencsd a brilliant career. Cordova, under their adminis- tration, at its highest point of prosper- ity, boasted of more than two hundred thousand houses, and more than a million of inhabitants, After sunset, a man might walk through it in a straight line for ten miles, by the light of its public lamps. Seyeu hundred years after this time there was not so much as one p>ublic lamj? in London. Its streets were solidly paved. In Paris, centuries subsequently whoever stepped over his threshold on a rainy day, stepped up to his ankles in mud. The Spanish Mohammedans took with them all the luxuries and prodigalities of Asia. Their residences stood forth against the blue sky, or were embosomed in woods. They hadpolished marble balconies; overhang- ing orange gardens; courts with cascades of water; shady retreats provocative of slumber in the heat of the day; retiring rooms, vaulted with stained glass, speck- led with gold, over which streams of water were made to gush. Tie floor and walls were of exquisite mosaic. Here, a fountain of quick-silver shot up in a glistening spray, the glittering particles falling with a tranquil sound like fairy bells; there apartments into which cool air was drawn from flower gardens, in summer, by means of ventilating towers and in the winter,through earthen pipes or caleducts, imbedded in the walls, the hypocaust in the vaults below breathing forth volums of warm and perfumed air through the hidden passages. The walls were not covered with wainscot, but adorned with arabesques and paintings of agricultural scenes -and views of para- dise. Prom the ceiling, corniced with 'fretted gold, great chandeliers hung, one of wnich, it is said, contained 1,084 lamps. Clusters of frail marble columns surprised the beholder with the vast weight they bore. In the boudoirs of the sultanas they were sometimes of verd antique, and encrusted with iaxiis lazuli. Tito Egyptian Idea or Immortality. Li Egypt,, from the earliest time, the' tomb was of the greatest significance for sculpture. Of temple ruins o.n the Nile from that hoariest past between the first and eleventh dynasties, there is scarcely a trace. How vivid the wit- ness borne to the sepulchral art on the plains of Memphis the capital of old est Egypt! Movg the margin of the desert stretches 'he vast Necropolis, with-a hidden population of statues, •sentineled by those, stupendous royal tombs, the Pyramids. 'Where else have such preparations been made for the final rest of the- dead as in this great eamp'o santo of the ancient empire? Though mingled with much that was naive and material, how vivid were the conceptions of that ancient people con- cerning the future world! They believed this life biit an episode-in an eternal exis- tence. Death to them was the real life only evil spirits being spoken of as dead. The coffin was called the \chest of the living.\ But to the ancient' Egyptian the immortal part, even after death, was in some mysterious way dependent for its contented existence upon the pre- servation of the body; hence, the impor- tance of embalming, the care taken to keep the. body as lifelike as possible and secure from harm during the long period of,the soul's probation.The \eter nal dwellings \ hewn in the solid rock, high above the floods, were in strong contrast to the abodes ot the living, built within reach of the swelling Nile, and of which scarcely a vestige remains. The massive chamber of this tomb where lies the mummy is pietureless, and its entrance is closed by solid ma- sonry. Prom it a shaft leads up, which was at many places thirty meters deep and was filled with a dense mass of earth and stone, making more inviolate the mummy's rest. Over th? ooncealed entrance of this shaft there rises that ever essential part of the tomb, the saore.d chapel of equally solid construc- tion. In a dark recess aside from this chapel, are found many statues walled up; These are usually twenty or more in number, and represent the deceased with great diversity. To what purpose are they here?-Singular beliefs, preva- lent among the Egyptians and read from the hieroglyphics by Maspero, furnish us the key to this problem. An immor- tal second self, ka, somewhat resem- bling the \eidolon\ of the Greeks and the shade of the Eomans, was believed to spring into being with every mortal, grow with his growth, and accompany him after death. So close was the re-' lationship of this strange double ka to man's proper being, that it was of the greatest innrortance to provide it with a material and imperishable body which it should occupy after death, sharing with the mummy the security of the \eternal dwelling.\ It was believed that the shade ka could come out of this statue and perambulate among men in true ghostly fiishion, rationing to it at will. This stony body for the dead man's ka was naturally made in his ex- act likeness, ami also bore an inscription stating his name and qualities. But-a single statue might perish and future happiness be thus forfeited. Hence that most unique feature of Egyptian statuary, the multiplication of the por- traits of the deceosedin his tomb. Wood as E'uel. AGBIOULTUBAL. Cornstalks as JTuel. An Iowa farmer, who has both cool and wood on his farm, warms his house with cornstalks, and claims that they make the best and cheapest fuel he can get. He uses a large stove, and burns the stalks in tightly bound bundles, weighing about forty pounds each. A bundle burns three hours (without flame) in air tight stove. The large stove offers so much radiating surface that it does not need to be very hot. Five bundles a day, or 600 for the winter, suffice to keep the stove going and the room warm. The farmer, Mr. Buggies, says; \I can bind up six hundred bundles of corn stalks in two days alone I couldn't ohox^ the wood to warm this room in a week, Then in the spring 1 havo a lot of strong ashes for my field, while my neighbors have to cut up the same cornstalks in the spring to get them away from the harrow. It makes me smile when I hear about these idiots up in Minnesota who have fifty-acre cornfields, and still go cold or buy coal. Why, I'd rather burn cornstalks than cut maple wood within sight of the house.\ C»fc • — Ocean Waifs. It is the habit of people on board ships to threw overboard bottles tightly corked and labeled, containing news. Sometimes this is done during storms in which the passengers!'ear they will\ be drowned, and they take this means of informing their friends of how they are passing their last hours. But generally tte3e communications are of a scientific character. On March 3d, 1879, Mr. Charles S. Kenant threw over- board from the ship J?hion&,oi San Fran- cisco, a bottle containing a dooument stat- ing the snip's position and the set of the Pacific equatorial current. This message was picked up on the Pji Islands on the 27th of September last. It was in good preservation and tells a marvelous story of the adventures tnrough the vast ocean it traversed. In fifteen months it traveled in a direct line nearly seven thousand miles. The adventure of this bottle are of great imprest to the scientific world, as showing thedrilt-of the ocean currents. Of course this bottle could not have taken a direct course; it must have moved re- peatedly to the right and to the left. TheWayTIatc Glass is Made. To cast roll, polish, and burnish plate glass requires machinery of peculiar construction, and a \x)lant\ that is cost- ly by reason of its complex nature. The pouring of liquid glass from the furnace upon the cast iron plates, and\ the sub- sequent rolling are processes compara- tively single. Any housekeeper who has used a rolling-pin on a batch of xrie- crust dough performs an operation very similar to this stage of plate glass ma- king. It is succeeding prooesses of grinding and polishing and final burn- ishing that require the -time and costly mechanism. After leaving the rolls and bed-plate the glass is ripxsled and rough and only fit for gratings or skylights, Each xilate must be transferred to ma- chines that resemble the turntables of a railway. On that revolving platform the glass is cemented in a bed of plaster of Paris and the machine started. Bear- ing heavily on the surface of the glass are blocks of metal and while in motion the surfaces are supplied with sharp- sand and a constant stream of water. The next stage of the glassgrihding pro- cess is the same as to machinery, but instead of band coarse emery i3 used. The finer emery is used in another re- volving table, and so on for half a dozen times. The final polishing is don? by heavy reciprocating devices, fed with rouge, and maintaining a constant back and forward motion,' and also lateral movement over the surface of the crys- tal. All this requires the assistance of alargeforoe of men, manv of them skilled laborers, After going through these different grindings and polishings the plate that measures an'ineh in thfti- ness is only three quarters of \an i -ch thick, has lost all its roughness, and is ready for the show-window of (he jjur- ehaser. The Census Bureau reports that wood is used by three-fourths of the inhabitantsof the United States for cooking and warm- ing dwellings. The statement seems im- probable to persons who live in cities or in any portion of the Western States, where soft coal is found in great abun- dance. In these places it is rare to find wood employed as fuel for other purposes than that of kindling fires. During the past few years coal has been generally substituted lor wood on cars and steam- boats in nearly all parts of the country, as well as for generating steam in manu- facturing establishments run by steam power. It must be remembered, however that the majority of the inbabttants in the country live in rural districts that are not supplied with coal, and where considera- ble wood stdl remain's that is valuable for little else than fuel. This is the case in all the New England and most of the Mid- dle and Southern States. Nearly every farmer has a wood lot from which ne ob- tains his supply of fuel. Many haul wood to the nearest town to sell. As there is no money outlay for this kind of fuel it is used instead of coal, which must be pur- chased for cash. Persons who haye been accustomed to the use ot wood for fuel are generally reluctant to abandon it/. Their preferences \and prejudices are all in favor of wood, and they continue to use it till they are compelted to make a change. Many persons have their houses fitted up with stove&and fire places for burning wood, and do not wish to change them. Many old persons who have been accus- tomed to the use of wood all their lives are reluctant to commence to burn coal. They dislike the smoke it produces, and believe its use renders houses unhealthy. It iB evident, however, that coal will take the place of wood in nearly all portions of the country within a very short time. The forests are being destroyed very fast, and little is being done in most parts of the country to reproduce them. Much is said and Written in favor of cultivating forest treeB for producing wood for fuel. There is much question, however, about the 'economy of raising trees for furnishing fuel in most parts of the country. Trees that furnish good fu3l are of slow growth unless they are planted on soil that will produce good crops of corn, small grain and other articles that have a ready sale. Few varieties of hardwood trees will at- tain a growth sufficient to make good cord wood in less than twenty years. Af- ter that period, according to the estimates made in foreign countries, the annual growth will amount to about one cord per- acre. It is necessary, however, in order' to Keep up tne productiveness of the forest to take this amount of woodfrom trees that exhibit marks of decay, from limbs or fiom young trees that interfere with the growth ot others. The expense of plant- ing and cultivating a forest is considerable and twenty years is a long time to wait for any return. The crops that can be pro- duced on a piece of ground in twenty years will bring in a large sum. Some persons who are carried away with the prospective profits of forest-tree growing state that considerable grass can be raised on lard mainly occupied with forest trees. In point of fact, the grass that can be grown on land covered with forest trees amounts to very little. It contains little substance, as may be seen by curing it for hay. It cannot be cut with a maebme, and it is very difficult t© cut it with a scythe. It may be eaten by stock while it is green,, but the animals will be likely to do much damage to the trees. Coal, if pains be taken to secure it at the proper time, is cheap. It needs no preparation for the stove, grate or furnace. It can he preserved in a much Bmaller space than wood, and is injured less by ex- posure if it is unprotected. It is much more convenient to use if a fire is to be kept up constantly. In many places in the west a ton of coal can be bought for the cost of preparing a cord of wood for the fire. For fuel to use during cold weather, coal is for the most part generally prefera- ble to wood. For cooking during warm weather, wood is in some respects surjonor to coal. Ii seems likely, however, that oil stoves will drive both coal and wood from the kitchen during the summer months. If the cooking stove is used at all during warm weather it will be for laundry purposes. Of course some wood will be wanted for kindling fires at all seasons of the year, and f e softer kinds of woods will answer for this purpose. A small amount of wood, however fills the requirement for kindling fires, if it is pre- pared as it should be. It s'lould be cut with a saw to avoid waste, and split- fine. When dry, it should be placed under c i ver. The pile should be elevated from the ground so that the bottom sticks will not become wet. The building where it is kept should not be so tight that air will not freely cir- culate through it, fcr if it is the wood may be greatly injured by the dry rot. When wood is left out of doors for a con- siderable time, it should be piled with the bark upward. If placed m this manner the bark will remain on the sticks, and be of much value, according to its bulk, as the portions ot wood to which it is at- tached. The bark of must kinds of wood kindles easily and produces much heat. If sticks of wood are piled with the baik downward, water gets between the bark and sticks and causes the former to drop off, or-to rot. TESTING CBEAM.—The lest adopted by creamery men to find the butter value or\ cream collected from the dairy farms, con- BiBts in. churning each bat(Sh of cream\ sep- arately, and if-it does not produce Gne pound of butter from two inches, from an eight inch can, it is said to \fall short\ and the patron i3 liable to the imputation of dishonesty in skimming. That there are dishonest practices resorted to on some farms, is undoubtly true, but it is also true that the test \adopted by the creamery is not always a sure indication that cream has been tampered with to the detriment of the creamery. Where the patron does a share of the skimming himself, he may stir in a quantity of milk to increase the measure, or stir in soda to cause an effervescence and thus increase the bulk of the cream. Besides these there are other devices resor- ted to tor the purpose of defrauding the creamery. But in justice to those who do no', resort to such practices, it should ap- pear to the candid mind that there are cer- tainly other causes than dishonesty from which a shortage may occur. On many farms it is entirely necessary that some of the milk shall be skimmed daily. There are young calves to be fed, and young pigs that ought to have milk, from which only a portion of the cream has been removed. This necessity implies the skimming at a stage when the cream is as yet unripened, or has not had time to concentrate itself by evaporation to the thick mass of butter globules. Cream thus prematurely skim- med is watery and will not yield the amount of butter to the mch that can be oblained.from thoroughly ripened cream. This is also measurably true of cream rais- ed during the Spring months when the young grass is yet watery; it will not pro- duce the rich cream that milk will raise at a later season, when the grass has perfec- ted its growth. Much of the' 'falling short\ is also due to carelessness in skimming by the person who collects the cream, or care- lessness in handling. It should also he no- ted that in taking a can out of the bank to be skimmed and setting it down on the floor (especially if it has stood along time) that a layer of gas has formed between the cream and the milk, which by the jar of setting the can on the floor, starts this gas upward througli the creuin, puffing it up so that it wilL_meaaurc more than if allow- ed to rest a few moments to allow the gas to escape and the cream to gain its noi- mal condition. We might detail many other conditions that interfere with a true measurement did space permit. What is needed is that all milk should be allowed to stand till it acquires a ripeness. Then it should be measured by a careful hand who has that rare faculty to do even han- ded justice between the patron and the parly who employs him to collect the cream. A 1'o.rty Thousand, ton Blast. A great blast which has been prepar- ing for uearly a year at the limestone quarry of the Glendon Iron Company, near Easton, Pa., was fired recently and forty thousand tons of rook were dis- lodged. Four tunnels, each fifty feet long, were run into the hillside, and at their end two chambers were built at right angles, each eight feet long. Ten tons of powder were used, and when the oleotaio current was sent along the wire, the face of the rook, for a distance of 250 feet and a height of 25 feet, was blown out like a high wave, and the rock above this excavation sank into the space with a roar. — • «•«»»' .1 A good cement for repaying glass is said to be secured by dissolving fine glue in strong acetic acid to form a paste. SlttingJDown on a Dog;. A w omau and a terrier dog reached tue Uuion Depot half an hour before the time of the Urand Trunk train for Buffalo, and while the woman sat down in the waiting- room as the best thing she could do, the the dog made a tour of the room several times and then curled up on a scat not far away to get a wink of sleep before being turned over to the tender care of the bag- gageman. All things were so so when a young man with a good deal of cane and watch-chain and necktie sauntered in and took a cool survey ot the various females. The one nearest the dog not enly had a young and pleasant face, but she was all alone. After satisfying himself of this the young man advanced, made a graceful bow and inquired: \Beg pardon, but do you go Eisl?\ \Ah! 1 thougnt so. If you have any baggage I shall be most happy—ah—shall be most happy to—\ He had all the time been preparing to set down beside her on the dog, and the sentence was not yet finished when ho sank gracefully back. Some dogs have been sat down on so often that they don't mind it. but this terrier had always been a pamper- ed pet, and had been given proper time to shake off sleep and get'his lees under him. When suddenly burried under 140 pounds of masher his ideas must have been tembly confused, but not for long. A clock could not have ticked over six times when tnc young man began to rise up and whoop, and he was fcarcely up when he made a course for the door which upset every band- box and satchel for a width of ten feet. AS he went out of the door a black object Jet go of him and trotted back, and it was only when the dog began rubbing against the baseboard to restore himself to his former round shape that any one was able to dis- cover why the frenzied young uiau had left n suck a hurry. DOMESTIC. DESSEBIS.—For desserts there are vari- ous new fashions. Jellies are tastefully served in the rjads of fruits, halves of oranges, lemons and\ bananas, the pu'p having been scraped out 'caeefully without bieakingjiheskin. The juices are squeezed into gelatine, or calves' foot jelly. Each fruit skin is filled with jelly, flavored with its own juice, and \set aside to cool. When the jellies havelrardened, the edges are trimmed with a sharp knife. Pine- apples are filled witu grated pulp, only enough gelatine being added to stiffen tjie puly. Bananas are filled with guava, quince or peach jelly. A platter filled With these jellied fruits, Valencia and Mandarin oranges, red and yellow ban- anas, lemons and slices of pineapple is a very tempting dish. It looks as though a \magician had worked a charm beneath the familiar orange skins and banana peel- ings, and left those tabled apples of Istkahar, which had one half sweet and the other half sour, or spread a feast of that luscious fruit the Persians call the seed of the sun,\ because it melts to honey m the mouth. PIE AI'FEMTEBS.—Those make a cheap and delicious dessert. Prepare a batter aB for griddle cakes; tnat is, a thin batter made of flour, sweet milk and baking powder, or flour, sour milk and soda; then stir in apples which you have chopped fine, the quantity depending on your taste, fry them as you -vould griddle cakes, and serve with a syrup made of melted white sugar. If you wish, you may make them in patty pans instead of fryine them. good as dry dirt or sand in the hen house, because it tends to breed vermin, unless cleaned and replaced by a fresh lot quite often. A small quantity of it thrown into the privy vault will absorb all bad odors arising therefrom* in hot weather. It is also one of the best dryers to mix with su- perphosphate. It makes it fine so as to handle well. I do not think sawdust is very valuable in itself as a fertilizer, yet it must be worth something. If Unas no other value, it contains ah the saline properties found in wood ashes as well as .some nitro- gen; but these- elements are found in small quantities and in a form which is unavail- able for immediate use. Bawdust contains more nitrogen than straw, but less potash and phosphoric acid, and is probably not as good as cut slraw for bedding or man- ure, but it is a better absorbent of bad odors, and is usually cheaper than cut straw. I believe .its mechanical effect on the soil is excellent, especially to liguteu heavy ciays. Professor Johnson has said that \fresh sawdust in light, thirsty soils tends to increase their water-holding capa- city. In sticky clay it lightens the texture, and soil that forms a hard crust after rain it prevents, like other mulch, such pud- dling and backing of tlie surface.\ I think a cord of sawdust, well saturated with liquid manure, is wonh as much if not more than ft cord of solid manure NUT OAKE.—rtalt a pound ot sugar, five ounceb of butter, creamed together, four egecs beaten in, one at a time; a teacupful of cold water, three-quarters of a pound flour, two teaspoonfuls of bak- ing powder sifted in the flour, and a small pinch of salt; last of all, two cups of care- fully picked shellbarks; the utmost care must be taken not to leave in any shells, or a broken tooth may be the consequence; baked m a quick oven in small paus. - ArarouD CATCE.—Take half a pound of flour, one cup of sweet milk, six eggs', two teaspoonfuls of baking powder (when so many are used do not heap the baking powder in the spoons), one cup of blanched and -chopped almonds, one cup of seedless raisins (also chopped), one cup of citron cut in small pieces; s.tir the almonds, rai- sins and citron in with the flour. This is a very rich cake, but it has (he merit of keeping well. HONEY FMIII' CAKE.—Four eggs,, five cups of flour, two cups of honey, one tea- cupful of butter, one cup of sweet milk, two teaspoonfuls cream of tartar, cne tea- spoonful soda, one pound of raisins, one pound currants, one half pound citron, oue teaspoonful cf each, cloves, cinnamon and nutmegs. Bake m a large loaf in a -slow oven. This will be nice months after baking, as well as when fresh. FRIED OXTSEES.—Have ready a skillet and boiling lard, dip your oysters, one at a time, in 1 eaten yolk o£ egg; then in grated bread crumbs ; lastly in sifted meal, and then drop into the laid. Turn, and al'.ow them to become only slightly browned. Dram upon a sieve and send to table-hot. Fair DE Bfflm? CHATBATJBBIAND. -Take SAWDUST r-oit BEDDING.—Many formers claim that sawdust is not only worthless as a manure, but positively injurious o the soil. A farmer sends the following Words in its favor: I use it when I can get it, and value it very highly for beddiu. the cow stable, as it will keep cattle cleaner than any other bedding 1 know of. . It also makes the manure fine and mellow, so that it spiead more evenly and mixe; >with the soil more like composted manure'. I also use it in the hen-house for filling the nest boxes, and on the floor to mix with the manure, as it absorbs all the ^ammoihia and iiroveDts the manure from sticking to the floor. For summer use it is not asj a large or double tenderloin steak and broil it; have some Parisienue potatoes, •*auta with butter, which put around the dish, ^flave some good butter melted, and a little parley cut fine; add the jniee of half a lemon, .mix thoroughly and pour over your steali BrioED Corns Bi.',p.—To ten pounds of beef take two cups sa!t, two cups molasses, two tablespoonfuls saltpetre, one table- spoonful ground pepper, one tablespoon- ful cloves; rub well into tUc heef ; turn every day and rub the mixture vroll into the beef. SNOW CBEAM.—Beat the whites of four eggs to a stiff froth, then stir in two table- spoonfuls of sweet wine, a teaspoonful of rose water. This is a nice accompani- ment to a desert of sweetmeats. THE Kansas farmer says: The practice of forcing a horse to stand on his legs, or walk about, whde laboring under an attack of colic, is most inhuman. The same re- mark is also applicable to the plan of exer- cising a horse during the time he is under the purgative action of a dose of physic. He should be moved gently about before the medicine commences to operate, but never alter. Do those barbaiianB who knock the animal about while enduring the pains of colic, or when suffering the purgative action of medicine, ever thiuk of what they are doing? If they were treated themselves on the sameplan under similar circumstances, they would soon come to their senses regarding the manage- ment if the unfortunate animal which is placed under their charge. TDE most profitable way to raise beef cattle is to keep them constantly in a thrif- ty and improving condition. It is not necessary to keep very young stock rolling in fat, but there should always be an abnn- dance of milricious food to help nature in its development. To allow stock to run down in flesh and become ill-conditioned, simply because it is not designed lor mar- ket for some time, isthe height of folly 2/»e ordinary range and cook stove, in which the fire box is placed at the side of the even, or in which the products of com- bustion pass over the top, have the disad- vantage or an irregularly heated oven. The sides and top are hotter than the bottom and ejsds or other side, and, as a result, the bread or other food is improperly cook- ed—perhaps burned at the top while badly done at the bottom. To correct this de- fect in ovens a simple appliance has been devised for causing the air in the oven to circulate, and thus carry the heat obtained by radiation to all parts of the oven. A sheet of metal bent into the form of the top and one aide of the oyen Is supported on wire 4ta0dards and placed in the oven. In the narrow fpice between the sheet metal and the hot side and top of the oven, the air is heated more than in the main body of the oven, and byexpaasionitrises and moves Ovet the top of the oven, tow- ard the cooler wa'ls. The arrangement, simple as it is, appears to be founded on a good i-iea, and is reported to work weli iu practicr. The apparatus examined was portable, and is designed to be put in the oven by the cook whenever an even heat ia needed. At the late meeting of the Iron and Hteel institute, England, Dr. Siemens showed how steel could be economically melted by an electric arc. An ordinary plumbago crucible is placed in a metallic jucket, or case and the intervening space is fl.led up with charcoal or some other bad conductor of heat. Through the bottom of the crucible a rod of platinum or dense carbon passes. A hole in the cover of the. crucible admits the negative electrode, which is suspended at one end of a beam by means of a strip of copper. The other end of the beam is attached to a hollow cylinder of soft iron, free to move up and down in a coil of wire, one end of which is connected with the positive and the other with the negative pole of the arc. Five pounds of steel were melted in twen- ty five minutes. — • • When sleeplessness is caused by grief, it is said that morphia, narcem, and code- in prove very efficient remedies; but when it arises from nervousness or arterial ex- citement, bromide of potassium acts well unless the patient is ana:mic, In purely nervous sleeplessness chloroform in small quantities answers well. Hydrate of .chlo- ral suits in all cases except in dyspepsia, and heart disease, The sleeplessness of the aged and of persons with debilitated constitutions should be treated with such tonics as wine, bitters and the like. Piping ot elliptical cross-section has many advantages over water-pipes of equal perimeter, but of circular cross-sectiou. The chief one is, however, that eliptical pipes are not so liable to burst in times of severe frost. To secure a gloss when ironing shirts, take of raw starch one ounce; gum arabic, one drachm; white of egg or Wood albumen half an ounce; so.uble glass, quarter of an ouace; water, q a. Make the starch into a fine cream, dissolve the gum in a little hot water, cool and mix it with the albu- men; and beat up the mixture with the starch liquid, tnen add the water glass (so- lution) and shake together. Moisten the starched linen with a cloth dipped In this liquid, and use a polishing iron'ta develop the gloss. A number of researches, on the ripen- ing of cheese have been made by Drs. Musso and Menozziand Signor Bignamini. Tney find that the quantity of true albu- men suffers little change during the pro- cess, but the double compounds of albu- men, with calcium phosphate, are decom- posed, yie.dmg peptones and amides. Lac- tose undergoes both the mucous and alco- holic fermentation. Z/is Monde* has recorded a very unus- ual instance of suppression of,, telegraphic communication. Some time ago* it was tound that no messages could be'sent be- (ween S^uk-el-Arba ane Medjez-el-Bat>. Ttiose who had beim detailed to make an inspection found that an enormous serpent had coiled itself around the wire and a post, and thus interfered with the conduc- tiuity of the hr-e.
