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ORT VOL. L. FT. COVINGTON. N. . Y.. THURSDAY. FEBRUARY 28. 1935. NO. 45. News Review of Current Events the World Over New Deal Sighs Relief as Supreme Court 0. K's Gold Laws—President Urges Congress to Extend NRA Two More Years. By EDWARD W. PICKARD ©, Western Newspaper Union. P RESIDENT ROOSEVELT and the New Dealers breathed easier after the United States Supreme court hand- ed down its decision sustaining inval- idation of \gold clauses\ In private contracts, but not on federal bonds. While it was held that the government must pay off its bonds in gold or Its equivalent In de- valued currency, an- other ruling that the Court of Claims had no jurisdiction over such cases means that it would be impossible for holders of federal *>onds to collect on their old gold basis. In other words, the holder of a $1,000 federal bond is entitled to a technical value of $1,690, but in reality it would toe impractical to make any collection of that amount, since the Court of Claims is the only tribunal before which suits against the government may be taken, and other courts may not entertain such suits without a spe- cial act of congress. The court also held that those who held gold certificates had no cause of action and could not sue the govern- ment The power of congress to deal with currency was fully upheld. Not only this country, but the entire world, awaited what the \nine lonely old men\ of the Supreme court had to say about the Roosevelt monetary pol- icies. The decision is ranked with the court's decisions In the Dartmouth col- lege cases In 1818 which upheld the sanctity of contract and in the Dred Scott slavery case in 1857 which had much to do with hastening the out- break of the Civil war. Briefly, the ruling saidT: 1. Congress has the power to nullify promises to pay in gold contained in the bonds of private corporations. 2. A .gold certificate is wongh only its face value in present devalued cur- rency. Congressional power over the currency includes the right to estab- lish circumstances under which gold certificates need not be redeemed in gold or its equivalent 3. Congress has no authority under the Constitution to abrogate the pay- ment-in-gold clause of government bonds, but as no actual damage has been shown, therefore there is no basis for suit for recovery. The decision was read by Chief Jus- tice Charles Evans Hughes, who voted with Justices Brandeis, Stone, Roberts and Cardozo in the majority. Dissent- ers were Justices McReynolds, Van Devanter, Sutherland and Butler, the four so-called conservatives. Satisfaction within the administra- tion was evident at once. Justice McReynolds wcs spokesman for the dissenters,. He unleashed scathing attack on the majority views. His voice vibrant he said; \The Constitution as we have known it is gone.\ . \If given effect, the enactments here challenged will bring about confisca- tion of property rights and repudia- tion of national obligations.\ \Just men regard spoliation' of citi- zens by their sovereign with abhor- rence, but we are asked to affirm that the Constitution has granted power to accomplish both.\ \No definite delegation of such power exists; and we cantfot believe the farseeing framers, who labored with hope of establishing Justice and securing the blessings of liberty, In- tended that the expected government should have authority to annihilate its own obligations and destroy the very rights which they were endeavoring to protect\ Notified that Chief Justice Hughes was reading the decision, President Roosevelt went to the cabinet room, where he listened to telephone reports from an aid. Three cabinet officers were at his side. The Chief Executive was prepared to take swift action to protect the credit of the government in case an adverse decision was hand- ed down, but executive orders were unnecessary. The carefully prepared program was not needed. T WO more years of the NRA, with clarification of policies, more effec- tive enforcement of codes and the granting of \unquestioned power\ to the federal government were urged by the President In a message to congress. The national recovery act termi- nates June 10 this year. \Abandon- ment would be unthinkable,\ he said, naming the act as \the biggest factor Vn giving re-employment to approxi- mately 4,000.000 people.\ He said congress must maintain the . fundamental principles of the act to establish at least a minimum fair trade practice and labor relations standard, pleading that child labor must stay out nnd that fixing of wages and hours was (iructlrai and necessary. Answering recent protests of labor, he snid: \The rights of employees freely to organize for the purpose of collective bargaining should be fully protected.\ He urged more strict application of anti-trust laws, condemned monopolies and private price fixing, opposed hind rnnces to fair competition, ana pro- posed further protection of small en- terprises against discrimination and •ppression. His suggestions, if adopted, would keep code violators from behind the bars. \The way to enforce laws, codes and regulations relating to industrial practices Is not to seek to put people in jail,\ he said. Admitting some mistakes, the Presi- dent was well satisfied that the NRA had done a good job considering its short existence. \Only carping critics and those who seek political advantage and the right again to indulge in unfair practices or exploitation of labor or consumers de- berately seek to quarrel over the ob vious fact that a great code of law, of order and of decent business cannot be created in a day or a year,\ Mr. Roosevelt declared. • All details of the legislation were left to congress. While this is in prog- ress, the senate finance committee pro- poses to conduct the Nye-McCarran in- vestigation of the NRA administration and codes. The judiciary subcommit tee reported no funds available, but the inquiry, jvhich has the President's approval, will be attempted without money. IV/TORE than 100 men were reported iV1 killed or wounded in a skirmish in the \demilitarized\ zone which lies between Manchukuo and China north of Tientsin. The clash was between the recently formed Peace Preserva- tion corps and the Lwanchow militia. The Peace Preservation corps, which has the approval of the Chinese gov- ernment was receiving money and arms from the Japanese, it was al- leged. The militia iz supported by lo- cal Chinese interests. \7\rCTOR A. CHRISTCAU, demoted from his position of second rank- ing officer of the AAA In the recenr shake-up which involved several al- leged radicals, resigned In protest Chester C. Davis, administrator, had not accepted' the resignation and Sec- retary of Agriculture Wallace was at- tempting to persuade Christgau to change his mind. Wallace hinted that there had been differences between Christgau and A. F H. Lauterbach, chief of the AAA dairy sec- tion, over, the milk policy. A protege of Un- dersecretary Rexford Guy Tugwell, Christ- gau was also supposed to have encountered \friction\ with other members of the de- partment This gave rise to new rumor that Brain Trustei Tugwell will resign be- fore his Influence In the AAA Is too severely curtailed hy the demotion and ouster of his con freres. Meanwhile amendments to the Agri- cultural Adjustment act were declared to conceal dangerous, arbitrary and autocratic powers over farmers, manu- facturers and distributors of farm products, by the legislative commits of the agricultural industries confer- ence in Washington. The committee cited the provision that the AAA may require that a licensed processor pur- chase only from those who sign con- tracts. It charges that the amend- ments make no provision for the farm- er to express himself in the matter ol licenses, but contain provisions foi price control, markets, production and purchasing. Through* Indirect restric- tion of the farmer's market, these pro- visions are equivalent to a licensing of the farmer, according to the com- mittee. •* \The entire economic life of communities could be directed from Washington,\ the committee said, DRUNO RICHARD HADPTMANN *-* escaped the electric chair at least temporarily when a writ of error filed by defense attorneys earned him stay of the execution sentence which was to be carried out at Trenton, N. J., March 18. The Bronx carpen- ter's life Is safe at least until Sep- tember or October, since a further ap- peal can be made to the court of par- dons If the court of errors and ap- peals fails to uphold the writ Lloyd C. Fisher and Frederick A. Pope pre- sented the appeal after a battle with Chief Defense Counsel Edward J. Reilly, who subsequently threatened that either he or Fisher would have to withdraw from the Hauptmann de- fense. The hearing will probably take place at the next session of the couri which begins May 21. Part of the dissension among de fense attorneys was thought to exist because Reilly never challenged tht assumption that the body of the dea baby was that of Lindbergh's son. George H. Foster, former Investigator for the defense, declared that seven autopsies were ready to show that the baby could not have been Llndy's be- cause it was four inches taller than Charles A. Lindbergh, Jr.; was to less identifiable condition than woulti have been possible in the mild weath er following, the kidnaping, and was embalmed. T HIRTY-ONE Inmates shot and killed a guard, in a spectacular ireak from the Oklahoma state pris- at Granite, the only male penal institution administered by a woman warden. Thirteen were captured short- ly afterward and a man-hunt is on for the others. The fugitives used two irhtch had been smuggled to ;hem, forced a \trusty\ turnkey to >pen up for them, corralled 20 vlst- :ors In the visitors' room and, nsing them for a shield, made their escape. Her prison already the subject of in- vestigation into its moral and man- igerial standards, the warden. Mrs. Q. A.. \Mother\ Waters, was ordered re- placed by a man, Gov ; E. W. Marland declaring that a woman \just can't manage\ a prison. Defiantly, she re- fused to clear out until completed in- vestigations vindicated her. O N THE heels of the Supreme court's gold ruling, former Pres- ident Herbert Hooter demanded re- establish men t of the gold standard In the United States as the only way \to re- store confidence in our currency.\ This could only be done by mak- ing the dollar immedi- ately convertible at the present 59 cents of gold—the \modern method of specie pay- ment\ The only living ex- President said that such action would put more of the 12,000,000 unemployed men back to work than any other step. The United States should take the lead In returning to the standard, he said, declaring that 'There is-no need to wait on foreign nations before we re-establish the gold standard and restore confidence in our currency. They would be bound to fol- low some time. They are more afraid of our doing just this than they are of any American 'managed currency.'\ D R. F. E. Townsend of California, whose pension plan for the aged has gained the support of many thou- sands of America's citizens, went before the senate finance committee and tried to explain how the govern- ment could get out of its economic troubles by paying $200 monthly pen- sions to all persons over sixty, pro- vided each one must spend his $200 for commodities or services within the country each month. The senators didn't treat the proposition with much seriousness. Chairman Harrison said that with 10,000,000 or more aged, the plan would cost $24,000,000,000 a year. But a 2 per cent tax would raise only $5,000, 000,000, leaving a deficit of $19,000, 000,000 a year. \Yes Townsend said, \but we wil not be able to put 10,000,000 on the pension Immediately. It took two years to get 4,000,000 men into the army. We would have to examine each citizen for his citizenship and age, as we examined applicants for the army.\ A NEW assault on Germany's unem- ployment problem is announced by Nazi leaders, who will put their plan into effect on April L The scheme, the most drastic yet announced, will force most young people to give up their paying jobs and Join the government labor service which will send them to construction projects, \voluntary\ la- bor camps, and to farms. In this way, positions will be opened for older men and those with depend- ents. All jobs for persons under twen- ty-five will be state-controlled, and the entire labor market will be under Nazi domination. Jobless at the pres- ent time are estimated at 2,000,000. Another feature of the campaign is the setting of a definite goal of 800,000 as the number to be left without work as \chronically unemployed.\ G ERMANY'S reply to the Anglo- French proposals for a European security pact was not very specific but -welcomed the spirit of trustful dis- cussion between the individual govern- ments\ and promised that the reich would examine thoroughly \the whole document concerning the European questions contained in it\ The note declared the air agreement might be one step toward solution of other prob- lems, and, promised that Germany would examine ( tbe question of how to avoid the danger of an armaments race. No mention was made of the proposed Danublan and Eastern pacts The German conciliatory attitude to- ward a pact which recognizes its re- armament was generally considered to put the French in an uncomfortable position, since it was believed that the pact was drawn In terms that were ex- pected to find quick German refusal R EALM LEADER HITLER refused to exercise his prerogative of mercy and two Berlin society women were beheaded by the ofHeinl execu- tioner for divulging military secret* Another woman and a Polish nobleman were sentenced to life .Imprisonment at hard work. The execution of the two women was carried eut at dawn with such secrecy that it was hours before their exact fate could be learned. Officials finally admitted that the women had gone to the block where their heads were severed by a silk-hat- ted executioner with a medieval battle ax. S TEPS to curb the inroads of Jap- anese landholders In the rich hemp growing province of Davao are being taken by the Philippine government Strict application of Insular laws gov- erning land holdings by aliens will be made, according to Eulogio Rodri- gues, secretary of agriculture, wJ schemes a wholesale cancellation or subleases of public lands, which toe uiulntalns are Illegal Autogyro Lands in Heart of Barcelona, Spain TRUE GHOST STORIES o o • By Famous People Copyright by Public Ledger. Inc. WNU Service. An autogyro piloted by Lieutenant Guitian landed in the center of the city of Barcelona, Spain, during an aviation fete, but in an effort to rise again, was cramped for space and crashed in the midst of the crowd watching the events. !Fhe pilot was slightly hurt Photograph shows the autogyro after the crash. War Clouds Lowering Over Ethiopia Ethiopian troops are here shown marching In parade as they, were reviewed by their emperor recently as they returned after a successful clash with a rival tribe. Ethiopia has massed 30,000 troops on her frontier in answer to the demands by the Italian war council asking that Abyssinia salute the Italian flag as an apology for the re- cent killing by Abyssinian tribesmen of five native Italian Somaliland troops. Inset fs photograph of Gen. Emllio de Bono who is in command of the Italian troops massed on the Ethiopian border. Takes Six Poses on One Plate A camera which will photograph a subject in six different poses on the lame plate has been Invented by C. B. Austin, Los Angeles photographer. The camera has two matched lenses. , \Lady Luck's\ lively Utter The luck of \Lady Luck,\ a Boston-bulldog, held when her seven pups reached the age of two weeks, \Lady Luck\ belongs to Mrs. Louise Malstrom of Los Angeles, Seven younji 'uns is quite a record, and \Lady Luck'' Is dog- gone proud of 'em as she stands guard over the litter, HEFTY YOUNGSTER Joseph Bandazza, Jr., of Gloucester, Mass., who some day will make quite a hefty gent He is bnt three years old now and weighs 125 pounds. He weighed but 7*6 pounds at birth, bnt has now acquired enough weight to challenge England's baby who claims title of world's heaviest child. LEGION COMMANDER By IRVING BERLIN Famous Composer O NLY the person who suffers from insomnia knows the ravages and terrors of the still night hours before the dawn of day. Through the night lilting tunes and haunting melodies come to Irving Ber- * tin, the famous composer; but sleep eludes him. \Once during a hot summer night,\ Mr. Berlin related, \I was staying at a small Broadway hotel during the production of one of my first musical comedies. \Tired out from the work of re- hearsal, I could, have fallen into a light sleep, but I was disturbed by the snoring of the man in the next room. I paced the floor. The snoring grew louder and weirder. It was un- canny. At four o'clock if stopped, and I fell asleep for a few minutes, onflh to be awakened again by the regular- ity of the harsh notes. I slept by fits and starts. \At six o'clock I remember I was awake. \Frantically 1 walked Into the halL The snoring man's door was open. I pushed aside the ventilating screen. An empty white-roek bottle caught my eye. I picked it up and, with one blow, brought it down with revenge upon the man's Tiead. It shattered into hundreds of pieces. Blood trickled down the man's face. This was horrible. \The next thing 1 knew a hand was grasping my arm. I could feel it but could not see it Was it the'dead man's ghost? I tried hard to visualize it— was it the hand of a spirit detective? \I reached up to push the hand away. '\Wake up,' roared a bellboy, who was tugging at my arm. 'You left a call for sevea o'clock. Hope you had a nice night's sleep,' he added, jaunt- ily. \'The man in the next room has complained that he dreamed he heard the noise of some one walking back and forth, back and forth, all night Hope you didn't hear anything queer.' * • • • . By JOAN CRAWFORD Motion Picture Actress «QINCE childhood, I have been ^ afraid of darkness. It is a fear which embodies nothing definite; but complete darkness terrifies me. Conse- quently, I always leave a dim light burning in the dressing room which opens from my- bedroom,\ said Joan Crawford. \A short time ago 1 had an amaz- ing experience. One night at eleven o'clock this lamp flickered fitfully, al- most going out completely and then burning again. I paid little attention to it thinking something was wrong with the current When the same thing happened the next night at the same hours, eleven and twelve, I called In' an electrician to test the wiring at the house, and of the lamp. Nothing wrong was found. \On the third night we stayed home just to watch the lights. We turned them on all over the house, at eleven o'clock, but that in the dressing room behaved in the same peculiar fashion. I did not want to go out to dance or sing. On the fourth night I moved from my room to one of the guest rooms, but because of my silly fear of the dark, which I know psychologists would say I should have overcome In my childhood, I left a light burning In the hall outside my room. At eleven o'clock that light began to flicker and a few minutes before twelve, it went out entirely. We were completely mys- tified. \The next morning I received a wire from New York telling me that one of my oldest friends, a woman who had been very kind to me in the early days of my career, had died at mid- night the night before. \The telegram stated that four sights, before my friend had been tak- en to the hospital for an emergency operation, that she had been operated on approximately at eleven o'clock, and that she had hovered between life and death during the period when I had trouble with my dressing room lamp. \My lights went back to their usual steady behavior after that fourth night I can't explain It Perhaps there was something defective in the current—perhaps not\ Frank N. Belgrano, Jr., of San Fran- cisco, national commander of the American' Legion. The Book of KelU The Book of Kells is an illuminated copy of the gospels, in Latin. It also contains local records dating from the Eighth century, and is preserved in the library of Trinity college, Dublin. Kells is a small market town of County Meath In Ireland. The Book of Kells Is believed by some authorities to be the finest existing example of early Christian art. The Ummon ami Dixie Lin. The Mason and Dixie Line was the name given to the boundary between two American states, Maryland and Pennsylvania; the name was derived from the two English astronomers, Mason and Dixon, who surveyed the, boundary in 1163. This line formed part of the bound- ary between the states which contin- ued to keep slaves and those which didn't The result is that the phrase, -Mason and Dixie line,\ Is now wide- ly used as meaning the whole of that boundary.—Answers Magazine. Pino InTemt«i w 1720 In its present form the piano was Invented In 1720, but before it came the clavichord, the spinet, and the harpsichord. In all these the music was produced by quills which plucked the strings. It was not until the ptaae was designed that hammers were used to strike the strings. 1
