{ title: 'The Otsego farmer. (Cooperstown, N.Y.) 1885-1910, September 11, 1886, Page 1, Image 1', download_links: [ { link: 'http://www.loc.gov/rss/ndnp/ndnp.xml', label: 'application/rss+xml', meta: 'News about NYS Historic Newspapers - RSS Feed', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1886-09-11/ed-1/seq-1/png/', label: 'image/png', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1886-09-11/ed-1/seq-1.pdf', label: 'application/pdf', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1886-09-11/ed-1/seq-1/ocr.xml', label: 'application/xml', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1886-09-11/ed-1/seq-1/ocr.txt', label: 'text/plain', meta: '', }, ] }
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H. 1. RUSSELL, Publisher. YOL IX. - ‘ \ - .+ ' - Faeem Hopits, l_ ___ n k_ ___ He who makes two blades of grass to grow where . but one greis before, to a public benafactor.\ Bules Undner»Wlilch X¥mitation Butter . ~ \WIll be Taxed. R = \ The commissioner of internal revenue prepared -a set of regulations concern- - Ang the manufacture of olcomargarine un- der the Internal revenue laws, which will be sont to. all collectors for their guidance. Beginning with a definition of butter and Harvesting Buckwheat. , .The time to cut buckwheat is when the bloom is ahout passed-one-half the ker- nels' fully ripened, and of the remaining half the lergerportiqn filled to plumpness. Of course cutting must be done before the appearance of frost, or at leastrbefqré frost, actually comes; otherwidé there will be material loss, for the grain. will fall flat, and it will be impossible to gather it.. Be- sideg-the green kernels will be nearly lost, whereas, if cut at the proper time those that are well filled; although yet soft, will Bemlnlieepceq of Farm Life of Olden: ~ We have often said in oir former papers remark that the same.cause is the main -K EARM AND FIRESIDE JOURNAL..___. _ COOPERSTOWN, N. Y., SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1886. But the greatest source of rapid accumu- We find everywhere, no matter in what institutions': The trial and conyictioh of - --- Rimen;-Storiess é¢;==-NO.-83:- - for z» Orezso Famazn, x. ° > MILLIONAIRE® | , Tt is common to-day to talk of money by millions, In oir boyhood days thousands even, sounded lerge,. -Why the change? and its main cause... © { Written aipfiuly B¢ that progress in the mechanic arts was the main developing power of modern civiliz. ation. We will now make the additional ~aleomargarine aad other imitations of but- * ter, as given in the act of congress passed at the Inst wession; the Tegulations-declate| foy fully ripened at the time of cut« that congress has relieved internal revenue officers from the necessity of proving the imitation or even, the. teséemblance of the comportitds to butter, except as to the mix- tures of tallow, beef fat, suct, etc, Manu- facturers are required to file a bond with the collectors in the districts where their factories are located, in an amount to be fixed by the collectors, of not less than $5,- 000, and they are also required to keep books which shall be open to the inspection of internal revenue agerits,\ showing all materials used in the manufacture of oleo- margating and make monthly returns in 'duplicate from their books as to the ma- terials and products. Wholesale derlers will also keep similar books, | Each retail er'swooden or paper package must have, besides the name and address of the dealer, printed or branded theron in letters not less than one-quarter of an frich square, the word \oleomargarine and the quality in pounds . contained therein. In 'case the holder of any substance déclared to be oleomargarine, claimes it to be butter, the decision of the collector will govern in the matter unless the cliant shall submit a sample to the commissioner of internal rev- enue. If the claimant is unwilling to ac- | cept the decision of the commissioner he may appeal to a board. composed: Of th€ cucromed to the work will thresh-a hundred réason that the invention of manufacturing surgeon-general of the army, surgeon-gen- eral of the navy and the commissioner of agriculture, whose decision in the matter is final, - If finally found to be deleterious to the public health, the compound's to be so branded and sold while unstamped. On October Sist, 1886, all olcomargarine on the premises of any dealer must be in den packages containing not less than 10gounds each and each dealer is required make an inventory of the stock on hand, The internal revenue officers will then travel over the district, inspect the stock on hand and seize all that is not found duly marked. | The instructions to collect ors are very minute. --#-6-@-- Putting Away Potatoes, Every method bas beon tried by farmers to store and preserve their potatoes during the winter, and we may say until potatoes come again, says the Germantown Tele graph. | It is the most valuable of all veg- etables; though here and there we find n person and a writer who undertakes to tell us of its un wholesomeness. It is universally consumed in all civilized countries, as where it cannot be grown it is imported, which can be done long distances without injury when ventilation is attended to. In storing potatoes several methods are adopted, yet they are all practically the same, the object being to protect them against freezing, whether buried in pits or stored in collars. The first consideration is to keep then in perfect darkness, the next is the bius which should not be too deep-not over three feet-to produce warmth and cause them to sprout. - When stored in tho field, straight trenches are dug, say 20 feet is length and four or five feet wide, which are filled to the depth of three feet with potatoes, then well covered with straw, on the tops of which put 18 or 20 inches of earth. In a pit 20 feet long there should be about threo gass escapes of ventileting openings, which should be plugged with straw aud covered with # board set at an angle to turn the rain. | If i cellars, barn or otherwise, the bin should __ becovered with rugs, old carpets and straw. Those Intended for late spring sales should be frequently examined and sprouts re- moved; for as soon &i potato begins to sprout it Joses if solidity, dryness and qual- iy: . : As soomas harvesting is over all the ma- 4 & matingmtinperfgct order and carefully stored. AIt is much chines Should be cf easter to temember:now if there is a bolt, nut, or screw gong or any little repair needed than it will be nextseason before given's cost of pant and the fronwork cleaned and alledor covered with a costing of tallow snd rem melted together they will last much longer. | When costly ma- «chines areieft out of doors for weeks ata time they are rusting out much faster than they would weir ont whilg im use. [the straw is yet green and pliable, so when harden into plump grains, and , will yield as large a proportion of flour as kernels ting. A common practice is to. let the swaths He until dry before raking, then roll them into bunches, and with a wisp of straw bind each moderately tight about the top, leaving the bunches to cure in this. position, - We think there is a better way. It is to roll the bunches immediately after the cradle, or at farthest within a day or two, when the straw is completely wilted. In this copdifion there will “be no shelling, and what is of equal importance, there will be no gathering of earth to- mix with the seed at threshing, a fault very com- | mon when swaths are left so long that they aro settled to the ground. When the bunches are raked soon after cradling they should be set up and the tops closely com- pacted by the hands. In this condition pressed closely at the top, making the bunches eqpe shaped they will so remain, the broader base spread out to prevent tip- ping over even in quite severe wind storms, In this condition they may be left a month or more if necessary, till curingis effected, then threshing should follow without de- lay. - There is no. other way to do this so well as by the flail, and it may be doubted if thero is any more expeditious way, all things considered. Two or three men ac- bushels in a \'short buck whent day,\ that is to sny, they may begin late, after the dew bas dried off fo the morning, and thresh until toward evening, when the gathering moisture makes the grain dif- ficult to detach from the stems. In that time in a short buckwheat day, when grain is in fine condition, they» will knock off n hundred bushels. - Befere drawing the grain to the threshing floor it will be well to pick up the buaches and set them loosely on the stubble, where air may enter from below to tarry out the moisture, for dry- ing will be much more rapid with this position than when the bunches are left standing as they were originally placed. | It is a short job for a boy to move a full wag: on-lond of bunches; he can move in three or four bours of the morning, just after the dew is left the stubble, as much grain ns a team will draw off to all day, and his worlein the general result will count for as much as the labor 'of anyone engaged with the flafl.-[Husbandman. ---# 4@---- Safe Storage for Apples. Apples which are to be kept should al- ways be picked by hand, as the slightest bruiso will be almost certain to make rotten places in the fruit, They should be cate. fully piled, covered with straw, and allow- ed to pass through n \sweat which i541] take some two or three weeks. . After this they should be placed in air-tight barrels. The bottom of the barrel is to be covered with dry chaff, with which is mixed half a pint of airslnck lime. A layer of the same mixture should be placed between ench layer of npples, until the barrel is filled. It should then be tightly headed nud put in a cellar where the atmosphere will fall to the freezing point. About 40 degrees Fahrenheit is a sultable tempera- ture. It will be better still if the apples are placed in a room partly underground, having in the centre of the roof an outlet for the escape of vitiated air. 'This should be constructed in the form of a tube, sev- eral feet in length, and six inches square (luside measure.) A shutter on a hinge at the lower end could beopened and closed at pleasure. | Buch & tube should be made of phank two inches thick, | Late pears can be keptfn the same way.-{Prairie Farmer. Cows, Potatoes for. Milch advantage to their money which should by right be divided The question by a correspondent If potatoes are good food for milch cows. Perhaps we can: bardlycall it good, but it is better than nothing. atall of tho- It causes a large. flow of milk but jt does not improve the quality.. Every farmer they are wanted. If the -woodwork kmpfiwfi anda few them in winter might fed to the-cows with nre always potaioce. thik can. be sheredifor such a purpdec: But 'They «re rot whatlp Nodldt bave Tot thepurpose | If lus source of making millfonaires. Should our demonstration prove correct, and we will try to statefacts, considerable of the starch will be wanting in future in those who have imbibed the popular idea, ''That no man can become rich unless he gobbles the morley which properly belongs to | somebody else.\ ., It has become common to charge every rich man meals exceed the sum which could be secured by a life of in- dustry and economy, of «obtaining his wealth either by fraud, or by obtaining the among othets. . No doubt many such cases now, as in all former times, exist. | Butwe think we shall be able to fully demonstrate that the largest and most rapid accumulations of great wealth in our nation- has fi0t-been by rob bing either the Iaboring classes, the govern- ment, or the people as a body, but are purely the result of mechanical develop- ment and discovery. We will take a few of the prominent ex- amples which occur to-us as iilustrations, which have come under our own obser- vation. 'We bave in former papers given a partial description of the hand process of home manufacture of the cloths used by our fathers' and grandfathers' families. No} such domestic manufactories can not be found. And why not? For the simple machinery, has so cheapened the cost of all kinds of . cloths, and at the same time im- proved their quality, that nobody can now afford to carry on their old style home man- ufacture. Cotton, the great southern staple which used to be styled \king never assumed any particular importance until after El Whitney invented his \cotton gin,\ a ma- chine for cleaning the cotton seed from the ball cotton, a process before that time per- formed at great labor by hand. That inven- tion at once began a revolution in cotton raising, and gave hundreds of millions of money to the southern states, No vast fortuneg were realized like some we shall name as the result of later: invon- tion, but everybody who uses cotton goods in nny form was benefitted by the genius aud skill of Ell Whitney. Woodworth's planing machine is an- other invention which has entirely revo- lutionized, or rather led to the revolutloniz- ing of the dressing of lumber in all its various forms. A thing we did entirely by hand Jabor forty years ago. 'This ap- plies to the making of inouldings as well as surfacing and planing and matching, &e. Blanchard's invention of the lathe for the turning of irregular forms like gun-stocks, axe-helves, spokes for all kinds of wheel vehicles, &e., bas ronterially cheapened as well as revolutionized everything in that Hine of manufacture. We might continue the list of theso minor inventions and discoveries, each of which has changed for the better the condition of everybody who is directly, or indirectly, connected with the use of the thing made. Each of these inventions -have been the fitted. if made by band labor would cost thirty was a public benefactor in addition. billions to the wealth of our nation, the sams time has 'by its spplicatic comes in among this Bst. In thesteam: means of many men making fortunes, and that too, while everybody else was bene- If a mannfacturer coma make a yard of cloth for ten cents by his machinery, which cents, the margin of twenty cents wassaved to the consumers of.the articles, no mistter how great the profit of the imantfacturer of the goods. | If he becama a milliotaire, ho 'The invention Of steam -and -its--spplice~ 4: tlon to so great a variety of uses has added. anat] n-made: many fllionaires. - The elder Vanderbilt boat business he Iaid the foundation of (fie 3 ia | t Iations of gains in both universal and tri- vidual concentrated-wealth will be found in that vast industry caused by and. con- nected with telegraphs and railroads. It is among the managers and manipulators of those two vast and important inventions sccumulations of concentrated wealth. ~ 'The question of most importance is, has the world, or .community, or the Iabor- ing classes, or in fiet any class .of our people, been injured and 'made poorer or the worse off in any sense bysuch accumu- lations of wealth in individual hands? 'This is an important It is one of extensive public interest, If the answer can be truthfully mado in the affirmative, then the appellation \extortioners \pos- sessors of the people's money;\ \preying and fattening upoh the forced and poorly paid toil of others, and like expressions may be justly applicable to them and they be the subjects of censure.. . But if the truth should be that while they have been enriching themselves, they have been at the same time many fold en- riching and developing-the country over aud above all their individual gains, and thus adding to our national wealth, and be- sides giving employment and liberal com- pensation to many thousands of mechanics and laborers, then the matfer assumes an entirely differént phase and shape. 'We incline to the' latter opinion, We look upon such fortunes when thus made as a public benefit. We are far from envy ing them or their possessors, or believing them to be ill gotten gains. Let us ex- amine a few cases, . We will first take that of Commodore Vanderbilt. - No person will claim that hé was a dishonest or dis- honorable man, or that he failed to fully fuldli all of his agreements, and make good all his promises. His superior foresight enabled him to see the future of railroads in our céuntx'y, and with the means he bad accumulated by boating and otherwise, he made such fore- sight available greatly to his advantage, but who will claim that he did it to the public disadvantage or injury ? Another case particularly in point is that of the Hon. Ezra Cornell. By inter- esting himself in the Morse telegraph, he was not ouly able to aid materially in bringing that important invention into public notice and use, but also to his great personal financial benefit. Jay Gould, the Delaware county map maker of 1845, is another example of suc- cess in railroad manipulation. | By buying and bringing up to successful usea short rail- road, he has from step to step become one of the great railroad magnates of the day. interested, and tend to the common benefi of our country. ponding wealth is exceeded by that of ou ington. land and water. land of our government has-there within. the. teach. Of- t by: struction of: that road and. thote which that was the pioneer. wid discoveries that we find the greatest All that portion of railroad transactions which furnish food for the bulls and bears of Wall street, it is well known that we disapprove of as demoralizing gambling; but the manoging, operating, and owning of railroads, or their stock: or bonds, we consider not only a legitimate business, but also one in which the public are directly Perhaps no one instance of signal suc- cess in legitimate railroading and cortes« former townsman and friend, C. P. Hunt Previous to the construction of the Central Pacific Railroad the only means of communication with the Pacific slope was either by the tedious as well as danger- ous overland route across the \Great Amer- fean Desert,\ or around the cape by water; or geross the Isthmus of Pauama by both 'The idea of crossing that desolate waste, and the Sierra Nevada and Rocky mount- aid range with a railroad was looked upon as a hopeless and impossible task. | But the idea was shap and congressional aid and grants of alternate-sections of land was given by congress to ericourage and secure if possible the successof. the enter- prise. | Matk the result ~All theavailoble place we look; in what-spot or-comer of earth we explore, that. civilization and progress only follow..the development of the mechanic.arts. They are the true pic- neers of all advancement,. Science and rg- Higion follow, but never precedé them., \* These ideas may and doubtless will- seem absurd to many who have never given the faster thought and examination; but nev- ertheless they are 'truths,\ We are too prone to accept some popular ery, no mat ter how delusive, and adhere to it as-fact without examination,. Learn - Buch is the case in the cry against legitl- mately obtained wealth, no. matter how. vast the amount, A. 'T. Stewart, by per severing business sagacity, became the prince of merchants. He also thus became the richest merchant of, his time. Who was infured by his accumulations of wealth by such legitimate trade? 'Who made poor er by his becoming rich? \Yet these crying vampires against wealth could not even let the bones of this great merchant prince rest in peace, but must steal the decaying body for the purpose of extorting-s portion of the accumulations of a lifetime from the dead man's heirs. ._ It is true that there may be and doubt: less is in many cases, aristocratic dudes of both sexes who inherit theso vast million- aire's fortunes, but such persons are no more injurious or dangerous to the com> mon sense portion of our-community than would be so many imbecile lunatics. Coats of armis and titles of nobility of this wealth» made, self-imposed aristocracy. produce ouly a contemptible grin upon the visage of the mass of the genuine preservers of our republican institutions. They are as harmless as the freaks of any other class of imbeciles. If the idea that \money makes the mau,\ has struck into any class of our true American citizens, such cases need active common sense treatment and remedies. | Brains as a medicine is the only sure remedy. |\ 'There are some peculiarities about large and small fortunes that must not be forgot- ton. They are similar in many respects, in fact in all, and yet nobody fears or ob- jects to small accumulations of wealth, no matter how much they may rail ogainst the possessors of millions. 'The man who has but one dollar, and the one who has his hundfed millions, so far as the possess- fon of wealth is concerned differs ouly in amount. - The latter is but the multiples of the former sum. Another similarity is, all the rich man has over the poor is the privilege of hold- ing for a few years in his gresp the most dollars. Each alike have their fobd and clothes, and the difference between them is simply in their quantity and quality. the rich man. , mort to the soul. ate, would. seem to bear evidence that th r power. 'wants shall continue. Ieforms no power dor 'When through with the use of money on earth, the poor man. takes with him to the future as much boarded gold gud silver as does the millionaire. - He too may leave as good n name behind him, if he chooses, as Wealth confers no superior 'These facts, for undeniable facts they decrying of. the rich was mostly the result of envy and jealousy, instead of any real true cause. We have also noticed that those are the most clamorous who them- selves make the least efforts for individual personal success. 'We should never lose sight of this fact, that fo a country like ours, where property caanot be entailed, where no feudal tenure can be maintained, that individual wealth has no perpetuated In fact it is constanily changiug to that of public wealth, and as such may be des- tined to perpetual public good. Witness the estate of Steven Girard, the wealthiest tan of, his time. - His public benefactions are to continue so long as does our coun- try. So too that of George Peabody whose beriefactions of many millions of dollars stato benefit the public so long as humid ~Is We might continue the Hist to an indefi- nite extent.. Wealth and distin cfiow'ami , personal . efforts,. and «personal the- Chicago criminals of that ch ou be everywhere followed, and the sgfety . and liberty of' all the 'people secured. > nt fraud and wrong.\ Crime incits. varied forms has been too much tolerated.. Tm. - our eager strife for personal shccess, and .. political power we have too much neglect © ed things of immoral and. criminal {aflu- , ence. - Orime 'has 'not. beet - sufficiently, © sgeveraly or surely punished. | Too many criminals slip through the hands of officials - and the meshes of the law. \Vigilance is the security of liberty. Lenfence to crime and' criminals, society's greatest danger. | By sowing tothe wind, we aresure to resp the whirlwind. > * We trust that thopublicis fast awak- ening to a sense of its danger; Moral, must _ for our common good, keep pace with -our civil advancement. \If civilization tends to increase immorality, intempérance. and _ crime, it isa miserable failure. ' We'had. ' the.case. . --@4+4--- Managing Milk and Creams It is well known that good butter cannot be made from bad cream. The milk must be drawn from healthy cows, and from the moment it leaves the udder until the cream is churned, must.be kept free from contaminating influences, Prof. B. Ar- nold gives the following rules for its man- agement: 1. To make the finest-favored and long- ~ est keeping butter, the, cream must under- go a ripening process, by exposure to the oxygen of the air while itis rising. 'The: ripening is very tardy when the tempert-, ture is low, - 6C 2. After cream becomes sour, the more the ripening, the more it depreciates. The sooner it is then skimmed and.churnedsthe better; but it should not be churned while too new. The best time for skimming and churning is just before acidity, is apparent. 8. Cream makes better butter to rise in cold air than to rise fn cold water, but it will rise sooner in cold water, and the milk will keep aweet longer. 4. The deeper milk is set, the less afring the cream gets while rising. 5. The depth of setting should vary with the temperature; the lower it is, the deep- er milk may be set; the higher, the shal- ower. ' X 8. While milk is standing for cream to: tise, the purity of the cream, and conse» quently the fine flavor and keeping of the butter, will be injured if the surface: 6f the cream is exposed freely to air much warmer than the cream, . 7. When cream is colder than the sur- rounding air, it takes up moisture and im- purities from the air, When the air is colder then the cream, it takes up molsture, ° and whatever escapes from the cream. In the former case, the cream purifies the sur- rounding air; in the latter case, the air helps to purify the cream. 'The selection of a creamer should hinge on what is most e venience and economy in time, space arid labor. ' ---«b-4+@---- Poultry on the Farm. Miller Purvis in the Enosas city live stock Journal: Now that the hatching season is over the poultry man has thmed4o sit down and count up the results of the work so for and make plans for thefuture.. I am sorty to be compelled to say that the average farmer leaves the poultry out of his calculations when planing for the witi- ter, thinking it will get aloug-withopt help. In making this omission he is taking money out of his pocket, and in these days of depression in prices, it behooves all 'of us to make a profit out of the years Oper ations. | A lady writes that the go cefits per dozen for heregis, aud sho thereby '. v We as a nation have winked. too much .~, . better return to the savage state if such be _ desived-highest quality, or greatest con- °° U
