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ferme re H. 1. RUSSELL, Publisher. A FARM AND FIRESIDE JOURNAL. IX. COOPERSTOWN, N. Y., SATURDAY, APRIL 10, i886. of Farm: Life of Olden .Simes, Stories, 16. - Written expressly for Tax Ougao Fanx®®, . ar ao naxen - BRUTE INTELLIGENCE, wabpiso, ETC. 'The question is often asked, do animals think? It is an.undecided one.and one which can never be settled ouly by conjec- ture. Wa will note a few of the things we have personally observed, and perhaps add also some of the observations of others. We have always'heen told that animals had no minds and that all their acts aro the , result of instinct. Buch, if it be truly the case, would endow some animals with an mecommon amount of instinct. In 1889 'we rebuilt the old Wilson mills in Willett, Cortland County,- then the property of © Stephen Adams, and in partpaynient; tools of him a four-year old grey colt. Hé was «<f fair size, and partially broken to ride aud drive. He proved to be of a good disposition, very docile and easy to learn, but not remarkable for his beauty, One of his singular qualities, which we firet discovered, was his peculiar,love or attachment for the wagon upon which he was accustomed to be driven. If another > horse was hitched before it, he would mani- ~Aest the- utmost dissatisfaction, -It was- an apen square box wagon, made sultable to carry a chest of tools back of the seat, and springs sufficiently strong for such use. He seemed perfectly happy rily frighten a colt, but no frightening of shying for him,. - hurt at 'all with a whip, as we recollect. more before day light, a carriage drove up before the door of Esq. Adams and stop- ped. Our room was an upper front room, and we got up, dressed and went down to the door, the other members of the family still beingasleep. Opening the door a gon- tleman asked \Does Esq. Adams reside here?\ We auswered in affirmative and that he was asleep, 'Will you please wake him?\ We again answer \yes.\ He re- turned to the carriage and immediately ap- peared with a young lady companion. We seated them in the sitting room and spoke to the Esq., his door being open. He en- quired \what is wanting?\ The stranger gentleman hearing the enquiry replied that they.. wished him to marry them at once, Mr. Adams drow on his pants and-wiffiout farther dressing, stepped into the room. The gentleman at his appearance introduc- whenever harnessed. before it. He would:| Ltgld him where they resided aud the fea cautJously, the moment be was harnessed. and allowed, step within the thills and stand quiet until all was ready and he was told to go. at This was taken up 'of his own accord, mo effort being made to learn him to do iL. ABother very peculiar trait he took into his head was that he would not be caught, or driven, by a stranger. When in the past url, the moment he saw me or one of my een, he would come instantly to us, but a stranger could by no tmeans get within a redof him while loose in the lot. When at home, no fence was too high for him to Jump over to get out, and roam where he pleased. But when away from home he would never leave the lot in which we turned him, no matter how poor the fence, or how many other horses left the field. He would stay until taken out by one of us Another peculiarity was, he would readi- By be led or driven by a stranger whenever the lines or halter was handed. to him by myself or other of his sequsintance, We could drive up to a hotel, hand the lines to an hostler and he would bedriven all right. If he was left standing and aby one nt tempted to drive him, he could not becoax- ed or whipped. to move a foot without or- ders from his owner or one he knew. The same hostler that put him out, must be the one to drive him up if ho came at all, ex- cept by an acquaintance. Those two traits, not allowing himself to be caught, or driven by a stranger, were very valuable qualities, as it removed all fear of his being stolen. For that reason _ho was always, with one exception, driven for our single horse while engaged at out trade while we owned him; and that ex- ception was the time we left him home to be shod, and took the Tom horse before described in a former paper, which was stolen the second night. It happened the night we found the stol en horse that the grey was rode and the mate to 'Tom (s mare we soon after sold) was hamessed to the grey's wagon. No sooner was the gray in sight of the wagon, than he deliberately, in spite of the remon- sttance of our cousin who rodehim, took his posltlon behind it with his nose over and into fhe box, and thus he continued all the- way home. ‘ His peculfaritics about being drove or moved out of his tracks by a stranger, oft en give rise to considerable wouder and «comment. We rebullt a grist mill nesr <iwego in the early summer of 1840 and Aad Billy, the grey colt, with us. One day Te wereim Owego and stopped him at the aide of the street near the walk while we entered a hardware store to make some purchase. It so happened that the hind end- the wagon was in front of a gate to doctor's yard. A man drovenp with a \Toad of wood to enter the gate. We heard somebody spedking sharp to & horse and Jooked out. . The doctor had the horse- by his head and was pulling his best, snd the teamster was doing the tallest pushing he. <ould behind the wagon, but Billy stood as firm as if of bronze, and bolted fast to the earth. - We opened the door, and the doctor see- \ tied ad gracks.\ \Our horseiseducated,\ wereply, \step up Billy.\ Althegmiuquaigkti: Aloaght, be stepped up the Ieogth of the Fe m'w he certainly $.\ I ons for their haste for the consummation df Bic marriage Esq. Adams was a large man, then prob- ably about fifty-five years of age, and a man of wonderful coolness and self pos- session. One of those square, honest men, who would not do wrong if he knew it, nor would he' suffer wrong from others if he could avoid it, He seemed instifictively to grasp and defend the right\ After hear- ing the short statement of the gentleman, andstill standing in the middle of the room with no garments on except his shirt and pants, and the gentleman and lady standing before him very near, ourself also standing near by, the room lighted with only a sin- -gle tallow candle that we had brought with us from our room. He ordered them to join hands, and in proper and appropri- ate language, 'the nuptial knot was then and there tied. Mrs, Adams had in the meantime arose and dressed. sufficiently to view the novel marriage ceremony from her open bed- room door. As soon as the knot was tled the hurry was over. The parties took off their wraps. The team was put in the horte barn and fed. And all parties staid and partook of a wedding breakfast. All this was done, nd still the eastern horizon had but just begun to be lighted up by the pleasant autumn sun. The particulars which called forth this early marriage os related were as follows: The lady bride was an orphan. Her fath- or died some years before, leaving her and her property in the care of her uncle. By the terms of the will he was to have the charge and care of both, until bet mar- riage. 'These parties hug-{Aljcn in love with each other, a thing not very uncom- mon in those times, but the uncle opposed the marriage. And to make the matter sure, forbid her lover secing her, and con: fined his niece and ward securely in an up- per room, with a grated window and lock- ed and bolted door. Locks, bars and bolts in this case as in thousands of others, prov- ed to be of no avail. By some means known only to birds and lovers, they found Opportunity to communicate with each other, and the result wis her lover assisted her to escape from her confinement, and he with a carrlage and necessary wraps near st hand, was enabled to. spirit her away, and after a drive of twenty or thir ty miles during the night, were enabled be- fore morning to reach a safe retreat, and the consummation of their heart's desire, as aboverelated. This is a singular digression in relating the peculiar freaks of intelligence of dumb animals, but the clroumstance was brought to mind by the thoughts of the purchase of the gray Billy colt, and as marriages are such a rarity, we could not refrain from its recital. No doubt many persons. who may peruse these lines will remember all the particulars related and the names and residences of the nuptial parties, as well as those of other parties named. | |v One day while we owned the grey, our father wanted to plow the garden, when he .and the bay Tom we have before- de- | scribed were our only hm}hg§'g~.mld the mare. The grey bad never beeh hitched q to a plow, orever been driven in 'a double team.. When hitched up we took hold of the lines and drove, and he went of all pessed before the swest ran off him in| stx. It was not the isbor~ but the t-] citi F Sia Sew wore * puta new water wheel and gears in a mill in Marcellus, Onondaga County. At that time the Central RR. was just being grad- ed from Syracuse west, but the track, we think, was not laid at that time as far as. Syracuse. 'We drove the grey to Syracuse and Split Rock,.and. every place where we could find anything which would ordina- Wa never had occasion to strike him to About the time we bought him an incident accurred which we will relate, Early one morning in- the fall of 1899, some hour or ed himself, and the young lady with him,. 1. Wenow avea horse be killed or died, we never knew which, intelligent horse we ever know. instance of uncommon equine intelligence. could you ever find him out of his stall, would likely hear him hurry into his stall, care. . When turned out to pasture, if he took a notion to get out the lot, he would take down the fence. We once knew him to take the stones of n stone wall and lay them ina pile each way until he could walk over on nearly even ground. After we had owned him a, year or two he seem- ed to fully understand. whatever was said to him. If by any mishap he got in a bad place, and wespoke to hir to keep quiet, no matter what the pain or danger, he would patiently await your efforts to re- lease him without a struggle until he re- ceived your orders. His hind leg joints were double. He was the strongest horse we ever owned.. He, wien hitched to an immovable load, would pull as hard as he thought he ought, and if it did not start, ease up. If told to try again, either the load would come, or the whiffletrees or harness give way. > If his shoes were hmgqgiigghpfl. onld not travel without on a road he would never pass a blacksmith shop without telling you he wanted shoeing. If in a pasture and he lost a shoe, as soon as you come in sight he would come to you and hold up the foot, and make you understand what was wanting. So too if pricked, orthe shoo was set so as to hurt his foot. These various acts may all have been instinct, but if so, it was certainly an intelligent kind. In the fall of 1841 we rebuilt two saw- mills in the town of Hamden, Delaware county. While there, a man in our em- ploy related the following true story: A. relative of his owned a sawmill on a creck. 'The mill steod on one side of the creck and on the opposite side, the house, They had 1 plank bridge about n foot wide to walk over the creck to the mill directly be- low the dam. The water pouring over the dam in winter, prevented its freezing di- rectly under the narrow plank ridge, while for about two rods below it was frozen over. A rift then made another open unfrozen place. The family had a little boy about two or three years old. They also had a dog of rather small size, a great favorite of the boy. The child undertook to walk the slippery plank over the water, alone to- wards the mill, but no one saw him. The dog was seen to run from the house in great baste to the open creek at the rift and stand and watch the water, Boon he plunged th and dragged to its edge the lit- tle boy. The mother suw the net and flew to the creek and rescued lim for whose salvation the dog was doing bis best, The boy was carried to the house and. soon re- suscituted, and in n few hours as well as ever, What instinct tald that dog that the boy would be carried by the flowing current to the open space at the rift belgw the ice? He doubtless had been watching him, saw him fall io and disappear under the fco, and went directly to the only piace where he could appear. We often saw the dog, then gray with age, as thig had occurred some years before. We could continue to relate incidents, actions and circumstances of suimals, and even birds, which bear evidence of some- thing superior to ordinary animal instinct. We now have a hen which seems to have the power to tell her own eggs and also to count them. 'The past summer, when about one year old, sho stole her nest and hatched out eleven chicks. Before they were three weeks old she weaned them and commenced lag'lng. As soon as we took the eggs from e and make, another. We tried satisfying her by giving her several china eggs, but they were of no avail. Whenever we took hen! egge she would leave the nest. We kept up the game until she had Inid eighty: seven eggs, only the second day of being continuous for the whole time, one per day, laying eighty-seven egga in ty-cight days. hile we would not of course in any manner attempt to prove or advocate the idea of reasoning powers in brutes or birds, yet we confess our inability, and so must every one else, to account for a large num- ber of things which give so strong evidence of ressoning powers. | One lesson we [ought to learn at least, if nothing more, and that is humanity to all the brute crea- tion, and our duty to render their exist. ence as comfortable and happy as e. It would be extremely mortifying and ing to any or all of us, to find at some Our interest also demands that they at all times receive good care and. treatment. Wemlfmmvgdmmjfima horse ® | servant, apgvaz-bus be would be abus- whose life wasfor to ail thehardships god ghndiars. and after a few months had 'to Thus ended the short career of the most The Tom horse whose history in part was given in a former paper, was another 'We could never tie him but what he would get loose if's bag of grain, or unlocked fed > bitf of outs was within his reach.. Nos You could not creep up to the barn sly enough to find him- in mischief. You but he would 'be there in spite of your wgfih‘w er nest she would leave it |a kn FARMERS CLUBs. < Reported expressly for the Qrezco The regular meeting of the Farmets' and Gardeners'. Association of , Milford, held. March 80th, 1886, was called to order by the President, Mr. 'Menzo Wilcox, The report of the last meeting was read by Mr. 8. H. Sherman, Secretary, and approv- which Oleomargarine was sgain taken up. Several thought the proper way to deal with it is to impose a thx of not less than & cents per pound on every pound manu- incluretfiivheh Mr. B. I. Bates asked. \\Have we s-constitutional rig“ to imposea tix on oleomargarine?\ veral thought we have such a right, and Mr. Bates thought not. Bome very interesting facts were then mentfoned by various. ones present on the manufacture of oleomargarine, and athong all the rest, Mr. Menzo Wilcox mention the decrease in the number of cows since the manufacture of oléomargarine has be- every 100 inhabitants. Mr. B. L. Bates thought that a tax of 5 cents per pound and a compulsory law compelling dealers in oleomargarine to sell it for what it really is, instead of 'selling it for first class butter, would be sufficient protection to dairy'men. The question was then asked by Mr. Wilcox, \W hat shall we do about the matter for our own protection?\ Support the bill drafted by our State association, came from several persons at the same time, Mr, Nelson Bcott-was called upon to read his paper on '\Orcharding from which we abstract the following, viz: The first thing to be noticed is the selec- tion of a suitable spot to set your trees. It should slope toward the South or East, thus being. protected -from the cold north fat arinds and receiving the benefit of ud, states ones e Second, the preparation of the soil 16. planting, It should be cultivated at least one year previous to setting the trees and should be very mellow, Third. The selection and variety. Would not have more than three or four kinds for the main crop. ' First of all I would recommend the North ern Spy, because it stands our winters well, blossoms a week or ten days later than other varieties, thus escapes the lato spring frosts, and the fruit keeps well in winter. My second choice would be the Baldwin, which grows very thrifty and closely re- sembles the old fashioned Spitzenburg, (which I think has seen its best days,) and my third choice would be the R. I. Green- ing. a ébarman-19 make great mistakes in trying to grow too many kinds, because very few are known in market. Great care should be taken with young orchards, the trees should be trtinmed a little every yerr and by so doing the trimming can usually be done with a pruning knife. Grass or weeds should never bo. allowed to grow around the base of the trees and then mice will not girdle them. One-half bushel} of well rotted manure placed around the base of the tree in the fall and worked into the soil as soon as the frost is out in the spring makes a good fertilizer. Cows or sheep should. never he allowed to run in a young orchard. Old trees will pay to graft if thrifty, A man should un- derstand fting as much as possible be- fore experimenting, or the probabilities are that he will make a failure of his efforts, You should never buy trees of n tree agent unless he can show suflicient testi+ monials of his reliability also the reliabili- ty of the firm he represents. I had rather nave nursery stock grown in this vicinity than that grown in Geneva or Rochester, consider it better adapted to this climate. A tree should not be allowed to heat or chill when taken from the ground to trans- plant, all the limbs or roots that are Jam- med or bruised by digging up should be cut off, set the tree about as deep ns it was before taken up. It should be trimmed und cared for. The top should be cnt back and the centre taken out, thus shaping it as uear as possible like an inverted umbrella. Mr. Scott then left the subject open for discussion, Mr. D. L. Sayer then asked, ''When is the proper time to trim trees?\ Mr. Scott thought March or early in April -the best time to trim trees, also considers June a good time to trim them; but saysitrequires more experience or the bark is more liable to peel, says June is a time to trint young trees for they can trimmed with 5s and the t will grow over sooner than if made in any other month. Mr, 8. H. Sherman then asked, \Is rais- Ing aggu for market profitable business?\ Ar. it thought it was if too many kinds were not Mr. Menzo Wilcox then- asked, \What {kinds of apples would you recommend for home consumption?\ reply, Mz. Scott said: \First of all I would recommend the Red Astrachan; second, the 8:15;me third, the Bermuse or Snow apple; fo Roxbury Russett, and the Tompkins Coun- ty King is also a good kind, but not very productive in this section. Mr. Menzo Wilcox then gave his ence on. ng sweet apples forstock, said * he co sweet spples very valuable for cows, he feeds them liberally to his stock and with good results, says it Incfeas- es both quafityandqnantgivof mil, says they should not be overfed st beginning, after have been fed for s short time th ture time that the animals we had abus- upaflfijfapiecemay be given without in- ed orill treated bad the powers of ressomfjury. He thinks apples are superior to fand were able notes-notite, perceive and pumpkins for stock. mm ugomnnmch I1 trestibient and|_ Mr. M. R. Cummings then asked Mz, as is often their fate. h Seott, \How far apart trees should be set?\ Ons can scarce conceive a mote | Mr. Scott said they should be 'planted 40 {nhuaman of to h than|feet apart at least.and if plaited nearer to animals, those we own then that thetops would soon and are di upon us, or not. ler, thus ing: the ; Various sniali topics were discussed, after gun, said there is a decrease of 7 cows for following questions handed in and discuss» ed, viz: How much seed should be put in: a hill of potatoes? What sort of grain should s young horse be fed? and how to prevent yearling heifers from sucking each other? {ot plant too much seed in each hill of pots toes and it has been proven- by experience that large potatoes eut and planted two atlas in a hill will give better results-than, if small potators are planted or more seed put in a hill. It was decided that oats or whest fed whole is the proper grain to feed a young horse, and that qwge passed through a. heifer's nosé and the ends twisted two or three times around each other and sharpen- ed will usually prevent sucking. If this gall on the udder of the heifers and this will surely effect.the desized result. Amm'geme'ms were then made for a meet- tog on uesday evening, April 20th, when Mr. 8. H. Sherman will read a paper on the \Ont Raising\ and Mr. Chas. Murdock one on \Corn Raising,\ Meeting adjourned until April 20th. MIDDLEFIELD CENTRE, - Reported expressly for the Orezao Finn; Our society held its last meeting.for this season on Saturday evening, March 27th. The President not being present, Mr. Edric Mason, 2d Vice President, called themect- jng to order. | The Becretary read the min- utes of the Inst meeting and they werd ap- officers: Geo, Groat, President; Geo. Whit- man, 1st Vice President; Edric Mason, 20 Vice President; Wm. Smith, Becretary; G. .M. Huntington, Treasurer; Thomas .Bmith, E. R. Tripp, Walter-Wilson, Exee- utive Committee. «-A A+ Motion made and carried that when this N-\Lg‘gjonm: it-stand-adjourned until the President and Executive L Committec, Mr. Walter Wilson read a selection en- titled \G Thorou, * The question for the evening wis; solved, That our Country is drifting toward ruin?\ - David Keller, affirmative; Geo. Groat, negative. Mr. Keller, affirmative: That \Right cousness exalteth a Nation.\ - He construed the word righteousness to mean rightdoing, and said that wrong 'doing leads to ruin, like the earth, we have the elements of ruin in ourselves. - One of the present dif- ficulties is- labor agninst capitol. | Strikes destroy property-and life in many instan- ces, and he saw no way to settle this great trouble, which finally would bring ruin. In connection he spoke of the use of dyn- amite by the bad men in the Iabor troubfcg, and the great loss sustained. - Mormonism is one source of ruin, and if not checked, will be one of the great ele- ments of ruin to our nation. Our cities are another sour of danger. Bad laws, injurious to the éonntry, can be carried by the mob voters, ond he cited as cases, the free canals, and prison labor abolished. Romanism, the source of tuin to the na- tlou, as it conflicts with our free institutions and would remove our greatest freedom, the freedom of worship. If all theso other evils were averted, we had a thorn in the natlon'sside which is slowly but surely bringing us to ruin, and that was intemperance. gDrink costs the mph of this country annually, $900,000, . Tobacco costs annually, $600,000, 000, Bread costs annually, 505,000,000. 'The iucrease of population from- 1860 to 1870 was 22.6 percent. The increase in the consumption of liquor during the same decade was 44.55 percent., more than doub- le the increase of poipulntinn. From 1870 to 1880 the increase in population was 82.7 per cent. - The increasein the consumption | of liquors for the game decade was 78.27 per cent., or 2} times the ratio of increased population. - Threesevenths of all our substance wasted on that which is worse than useless, for liquor unfits a man for business, and for this life, and for the next. 'United westand, divided we fall.\ Our statements show we are divided in many ways, each striving for the m and certainly \drifting our country to ruin.\ Mr. Groat, negative: That the labor question in this country was entirely differ- ent from any-cases- cited in the-old -coun- tries, for here every man was a sovereign, a voter, and had a voice in making and car- rying out our Jaws, and in this way event- wally the labor question would be solved, for aven now our legislators are at work to make laws to solve this question,.so that no dsnfizr can come from this source. The Mormon question is one that is al- most disposed of, our government having c- enacted laws, and are now enforeing;them, which will in a few years wipe ou one blot on our country's good rame. - / + - - That the advancement of: our people in education was one .of the foremost argd- ments, which if no laws were emstted would drive out this bane of % in this there is no cause of fear for country's rain. The Catholic population, the census of 1880,.was.......6,174, Mormo88,...........,..... Jews (church members).. ... Total. .....zi........ while of 40 other denominati our Jority, which is Increasing every year, tod all doubt or fear from-tuin ©The comfumption of Bor iss on of Iuor. question, batrwith all the showing. wa The querry box was then passed and the . It-was decided that farmers generally, proved. | The following-were-duly-slected- From m Revolufipgéze now have a: pop 50,155,788,/and rank 4th in the populi with the nations,\ Our. production. of. 'reals twas 2,487,482;800 bushels, beiog-48, bushels per-capita. This showswe; able to 'take care-of oufséives and feed oth- er nations. 'In the 18 countries producing cosl, the. United:-States 1s; 2d, producing: 69,808,898 tons. ° > ' .tptlul,f&roduction. n'the ~ reported, the United Btates is Ist, produc- ing 1,440,121 tous, or 80.81 per cent. of to- . duction.. - nl ! *- mdnnnge'of—thsmerchammarbrof' h 'No. of sill vessels, 17,042, tonnage 2,422,818 *** *rsteam vessels 4,669, \~ 1,176,179 Total 21,611 . 8,508,085 Showing the advancement of mechanical skill, in alist of :\'notable high buildiigs in the world in-s. lst of 50, the United -| stands first and 24, and has 13 in the Het.\ ~ Bince the year. 1865-06 the. revenue has. largely exceeded the expenditure and the surplus is paid on the national delt. -- In a list of 18, showing the income- of mations compared with the cost of ther cost of our army being 0.77 per cent. Showing from these facts that our corm- try is standing on -a firm foundation, and. that -with the right principles with which y ore is-not-ofle went Ape in our nation which would even look drifting, but gn the other hand we are ad- vencing, apd in many» cases taking the lead aver older nations. ~ .> mmjm—‘HWJumg‘mfilflimifive: m gto :and sphilosophy,,.ever; is g‘rgftingfgelymwbriiugng—fw” . . Thot-our. preat_wealth-and. 4 wero the one wenk spot, ang: would fiend g excess which would bring ruin. soul. Spoke of a country where the people was so poor that it took a tearm of 0: s draw th € o .50 of our money. fflfike of Alexander, his fireat gleedsnnog - of eat prosperity, and at the a 82 diedgémnk‘l il se If we'keep on increasing as fastfor the future, we will surely come to ruin, for .. the larger the nation the more to see top that mukes ruin. Our nation has more to fear from Inxury than poverty, that boasted wealth will be our ruin. * . Thos, Bmith, negative: It was not to the point to consider other countries. 'Thatthe catholics furnished more men than any other denomination and made bettersoldlers in the late Rebellion, and that some of cur greatest gonerals were catliolics, and al were upholding the nation. How wein the Revolution grew from 12,000 soldiers and max-came the strongest nation, Great Brit- The large immigration not to our defff. *- ment; they do not make any trdubls, hut uphold and sustain. The ham the- source of trouble; ' . 'The wealth of 'the nation theone success- ful source of profit for-the poor mani. . A, Van Deusen, negative: They of the decline of the nation, how? Itis a fact tht educatipn isadvancing, and this elevates the people, Showing how astton~ omi‘ns a science has advanced, apd 'that arithmetic, the grentest of the sciences, has made its most rapid attainments within a few years past. there is suth a strong element for ruin in our cities, why do the churches send their money and men to for- eign lands, fustead of doing the work at home. This point is imaginary.. If we are drifting to ruin, we must (back Colonial times and compare then' Bhowing how-tyranical were the Puritans, and that any denomination would be tyran- feal vvlua1~1—4f_1\;!fiI have- power, If we fro drifting to rain, when did 'we' reach: tho climax? There must have 'been a time when we attained to the highest abd the, commenced to. ddemem «JA can not \tee anything that. indicates it, but on-the.con~ , trary we are still-advancing in all that per- tains to the nation's. good. Works, The regular mesting of MorrisFarm- ers' Club was 11t.31«'1,t!x‘lxi‘ts the Town Halk the 10th: -D;-C. Wanzey, Wham lithe 23m. The following hy-laws were adopt This Mortis Farmers'.Club; Its officers shall be “$1? dent; vice-president and 3, ._ 'Theofficers shall -be. elected: by shallot, aud the term of office shall be siz months, - : Meetings shall ba held from Nov. Ist.to. May 1s} once In. iwo weeks; from May: ist. wfimlnonceamonma ha gins | Anggquaefi'ouzdkecu‘y connected with ming may be discussed at any - any. One present. cou in the productfon of. pig iron of 17 coun» © tries reported, the United States is 2d, pro- ;\_ ducing 8,070,875 tons, or 21.22 per cent.of |_ production of steel of 8 countries . -- 16 countries reported, the Unified. States is _- is not sufficient, rub the contents of a beef's 2d. \ ' ' ' Army, the United States stands 'first, the \~> Henows ___ . organiiation shalt be called the -~ 14%
