{ title: 'The Otsego farmer. (Cooperstown, N.Y.) 1885-1910, February 06, 1886, Page 1, Image 1', download_links: [ { link: 'http://www.loc.gov/rss/ndnp/ndnp.xml', label: 'application/rss+xml', meta: 'News about NYS Historic Newspapers - RSS Feed', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1886-02-06/ed-1/seq-1/png/', label: 'image/png', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1886-02-06/ed-1/seq-1.pdf', label: 'application/pdf', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1886-02-06/ed-1/seq-1/ocr.xml', label: 'application/xml', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1886-02-06/ed-1/seq-1/ocr.txt', label: 'text/plain', meta: '', }, ] }
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Publisher, - zooms --_.—wou1d_ahmfin from trusting themselves to P \ misfortune, - Its mefmory,. although un- Joes of Form Life a pleasant, wo-could-naverefface 7 ot Farm l‘l'zegqlfhn‘ bim until nearly or quite fifty years old, 1 Biol.) was the origin of the poor fellow's We ktrow-|-néarly-all being hid-from the 'house. -He lot was mostly: surrounded by woods and bushes, and to see it he must go to it it went quietly to the lot and as hé came in Welter éxpresslyfor Tan L220 TM | 6 mip an c - Tt is am undecided question whether civ- lization 'éonduces to human happiness. _ Of equrse the great majority would readt- \Aly-soy & does, but; that fails to fully estab-| + lish the fact. - We observe that «with civil- . ized life our needs and wants increase with | & to supply them,. or our appreciation of their sources of enjoyment. Bavage life needs litt. . Just in the pro- portion as if leaves the savage and advances towards the civilized, does its wauts in- crease.. Bo we are confident will continue cwhat we call progress and its wants, as Tong ss'civilization marks human advance- ment. One thing admits of some doubt, aud thit i, whether human \happiness keeps pace with the progress of civilization, If the increase of suicides and insanity, were to be entrusted to decide, we fear the proof would be of a negative kind. 'If happincss\ depended upon ou(ward, sur- xoundingsand increased advantages, its aug- mmentation_would_be very great. Unfor- tunatély ft does not. | It depends not upon wutside surroundings, but upon 'the satis- fed, contented and independent state of the mind. ~~ Our modern education, wa- fear, is mot of- the kind to' promote human happiness. -T rarer is ir terddency to- put-too much strees- upon the obtaining of wealth. There is too much strife to become rich. .There is not ngpprmnce enough paid to thedignit 'of labor, gnd the independence 'd begets 'There is too much desire to make a show and display, regardless of whose money is used in doing it. | There is too little value [placed upon honesty and virtue, | . The means of mind improvement have in- creased in a full ratio with that of clothing the body. - But have such means been used as they should be? Has the better portion of our nature been improved, or has its ' baser powers received. the culture? - Who- ever sows to the wind must expect to reap a whirlwind as his harvest. Possibly he may ngt stop short gof a tornado. | The les- sons of life as\ 'we look back over those who started the journey with us, are not «calculated. to give us very exalted notions of human perfection. It is: singularly strange how- few-have.seemed to muke it n success, either morally, financially or phys- cally. By far the largest number never weached the age of fifty years, and very many fell before thirty. * Of those who passed on to tulddle life it is stogular to note the change made. 'Those who started as they supposed rich, nimost without an exception, have found their Jadder reach downward instead of upward. - Most of those who started with a self-confidence that they could deal with «dangerous thing with safety, and indulged in an occasional glass of liquor, have long since been cousigned to a drunkard's grave. 'The proportion who use liquor as a bevernge.to the ago of forty years, and escape its becoming: a controling habit, is very small. If young people realized their w«langer from such source, they certainly \of that strong: morsel, -as though it was this, - and he, fililidugxi In \that 'unforfinate con- diffont way still well-and-healthy.-We, | then and there, thus carly, resolved that such cause should never debase us; and thanks to a présbrving Providence, it never has. 'We too took an: early lesson inthe use of tobacco, which; has lasted well with us for considerably over three scoreyears. Wa were left awhile one day, when prob-. while at, work fn his shop, and seing him Being willing to gratify our early search for knowledge, he picked off a- small piece of the plug he was usfog, just about the size of a grain of wheat. . We took it, looked at it, put if in our mouth, and not liking its taste, at once swallowed it. We just as well remember the looks and taste buton hour ago. We yery well remember feeling ill, and stepping on a block and~-leaning upon a gaw horse. 'There 6uF memory fails. | Of the future shows we remember nothing. But this much we know, and that is, we have never since ''hankered\ for tobacco. 'The one chew has answered for a life time. If we have lost by our early lesson, it is convinces us that it was for our gain, Our first are sometimes -our 'best lessons; and the most-lasting. | Our father, soon after no more during his life time. One of the first dominies we over remem- ber seeing was a Baptist, named. H--, and \a dryer jokus old cub never lived; Hesd liked a joke that if no other opportunity presented he would even play them on his wife. The society where he preached owned a farm, and besides a tract of church land which they used to rent, the pay-received therefor, going to the preacher as a part of his salary. The minister occupied and lived upon the farm, - He used oxen as did most farmers in those days, for his farm team, keeping a horse for professional and family use, It happened at the time of which we write, that the elder had a pair of oxen, one of which was extra good, and his mate correspondingly inferior. A Mr. J--, living some three miles distant, had a like pair, | He often urged the domins to drive his team down to his farm and mismatch and exchange. The El- der seldom fnd much money, while farmer J- was one of the moneyed men of the vicinity... YéJ8st no opportunity of enlarg- ing upon the advantages that would accrue by the mismatching of the poorly matched oxen, - One day the Elder received the rent for the extra lot of land in money,. Thus equipped, he lost no time in taking his ox- on and going down to farmer J--. He rode his horse and drove the oxen before him. Mr, J- saw him coming and met him in the street, and greeted him with \sh neighbor H--- you have finally concluded to see the oxen mismatched and yoked to- gether; turn them in the yord, and I will send for mine.\ He called to his teamster and the two odd oxen were soon yoked together. | Mr. J- drove them around the yard several rs old, with our father | which on his approach they take a chew of tobaéco, we teased for some. plow. He took the cards' and i on;-however;- Fast ; our misfortuna; -Observation; wore realty-model. wen; -in all their it -the-use-of-tobaceos quiets ar thoughts~T think ~father-las; if sight, he discovered his som-sitting on- plow, busily ehgaged in some friteresting business. They saw him instantly and starting up the team wont ahead with their | plowing, The Elder mistrusting' some game was going on, went to the place where he first saw them for a search, ' , He soon uncarthed a full. pack of cards, with which his boys were playing, and to the furrow and covered up with the ad- carefully wrapping them in paper put them: Into his pocket, and without gaying a word returned to the house. The boys kept the plow going steadily gotil.dark, and then putting out their team went in to supper. Two of the church deacons were with the family already seat ed around the table, when the boys -took their places. All went on quietly until the meal was nearly ended, when suddenly the domine broke forth with \boys canyou tell of any one who bas a pack of cards, perhaps these deacons would like a game?\ Their eyes stuck out with surprise, while their countenances blanched at the idea, © Card playing'in those days was looked a gross sin, And those two dea- ways. The question of the Elder was no more a surprise to them;-than-was the- an- swer of ti? oldest son, which came as he has not, I do not know who has a pack.\ 'The domine found himself in a fix. The | answer was unexpected. - But fre graceful- ly pulled the cards from his pocket and suggested that they be laid aside, and care- fully kept for the exclusive use of himself and the deacons of his church, as he was confident they were much less dangerous in their handsthen in the\ hands of a min- ister's Sons:\ It is needless to add that the discovery and the mild rebuke cured the cardplaying of the domine's boys ever after. « ®ue morning the Elder called upon one of his church members and soon learned that the night past he had stolen from his bee house, one of his best hives of bees. 'There lived some distance from a public road in a by place, a family who had long been suspected. of theft, but no evi- dence had ever been obtained of such acts. They had recently lost a child and the El- der had preached the funeral sermon. . Me at' once surmised where the honey could be found, and determined | to discover it if possible. Ho got astride his horse and. rode fimme- dintely to the recently bereayed family, ap- parently to condole with them, and com- fort them. - After talking a few moments he commenced coughing, and coughed, and coughed, until the mother became alarmed and wished to know what she could do for him that would give relief, - \Oh nothing, nothing but honey ever relioves me when 1 am attacked witlt such spells,\ The husband and wife Immediately disappeared into a back room nnd soon returned with a plate of honey in the comb. - He took ~it, tasted it, looked at the husband and then at the wife, as though astonished, | ''Neighbor . > Jones; this -is somo of brothor Smith's hon- ropped in- return-you -the, mate to - that mitten... -It is too bad to be obliged to work with a bare not want. to loseit, or have it around it is never again in a wrong-place, all will _| be-right.\ If neighbor G-- ever stole around trees, as this containg many borers after that he was careful not. to léave his | which will result in the loss of the-trees; * Coarse mabure is pot good, as this. stimu- | lates late fall growth, 'and the, tre is linble mittens, ._ °. The Elder rode 111) and accosted him with | trees either in the fall or spring‘ us regards \Friend G-, how fortunate that TI can | bearing. he - the tree #s convenfent without barking:- F to ten feet of earth untouched aboutthe the neighborhood alons, so I begged the | tree, we have practiced removing flt from privilege \of - brother (B- to -t\ the tree -with-good-results. causes. Please accept it with the assurance that if | the roots to grow deeper into the soil. In ploughing an orchard plough ad. fear I would not advise putting .chip munure | rich in Enowledge. | Our children:enjoy Fin atoam palaces; ~where-Ihey dogged alo | along by - fir; lightning. train; .a. day. /w not g da; may notbe as well off:pectinianily. advantages pf .an-onlighte M here they paddled ,. Me in the dld coach, wo mre .wh us now was a week with them they; abd .. we look, on, wonder 'and.. grow | chrogjein miaking comparisons with the new and the old: te es how Brecding and: Maningement. of Pigw, * meeting at Oneonts, Junuary 12th, 18th and 14th, 1886.) « i To the officers and members of the Hill- Land Horticultural Society: To-day, as we-realize that. a curtain has gently fallen | between us and the pist, leaving us stand- ing on the threshold of a new year, the untried and unknown futufe, we are more deeply impressed than ever with the im- portance of the subject before us. Thus, it is only after mature deliberation, sided by advanced experiened and a better knowl- edge of the varied needs.of those in whose interests we have assembled togother, that the grand possibilities that may come to us solving of all the problems which come to usfor consideration, and present them in _- to have is bark cracked and- cleave frour [A paper read by A. T. Wiliams, before | the tree by severe frosts.< Use well rotted. the Hill-Land Horticultural. Bociety, at the | manure, lime, ashes, and the bone man- ures scattered about the roots. Nola The limbs of the neglected orchard abould |- Ap: rilffl'hfifinngé «of fourot five .._ bo so pruned. that, no limbs of any-size,+ . f t the fireed= shall cross eachother. This will ensure fromlihehgginninzldtha and of she tireed plenty of light fir the top aud contre of- the- tree. - I would have tho tree trimmed high enough to work under with a team. 1 would begin pruning as soon asthe tree was -set;-and-keep this up every-ynflbofievéin— - pasturing old orchards, for stock pick up all fallen fruit and prevent, to a certain extent, the Increase of Insect pests. we reach forward into the beyond, grasp 1:12! by the destruction by mice in orch» |tirough a coretul, thorough nnd systematle | faoi p remove all sta and 1 would remove all sod from around the body f the trees, and keep the ground a little {- There are a great many dollars lost every While fruit growers are aware of the 'for dows that Failedito hold when bred. in tended so as do-have the ~ Tha genoral onalom among awine-brogd- - 9 to Dec. 25,80 as to have them farrow from stout the det of Marcli to- the: middl¢of - tng season;Anfaltand early winter, allows November,to Be bred again and stil} farrow. by the middle, o£ 'April following, ' In the .._. most northers atates'the time is nsually ex- > ers is to breed theit-sows-from-about Noy. , . or even as-late af June. Along; the north- ern ling of the great hog walsing portions of the country the sesson is often: timed to have them come as early ss Feb 1s, = >} There: is but. little - variation from IG || weske as the time sows carry their pigs} - the old ones not infrequen.ly going beyond ~ few days earlfer than this, | If 'proper care 'as simple and practical a manner as poss! ble. ' « One of the first giféstions asked; prepare tory to setting out an orchard is, ''What nre the most valuable varieties for a fruit grower, all things considered?\ B answering this question, I will say,; there has been. no interruption in the excellence and beauty of the fruits, but I cannot help ndding that too many varieties get before the public, not only without sufficient mer- it of tlieir own, but without such au en- dorsement from' competent bodies, as is calculated to win and justify public confi- dence. There can be no doubt, not only that very large sums of money are yearly wasted in this way, but that the progress of horticulture is needlessly impeded. The evil has got to be of such magnitude that the feeling has become quite general, that a remedy of some kind is imperatively de- manded. - We have too many novelties and too few means for ascertaining their real merit. Those planting trees for profit want: First. A variety that is as free as possible from lability to bé attacked by disease of any kind. Becond. A tree hardy enough to with- stand the changes of our severest winters. Third, A productive tree and one that comes Into bearing young; yielding quick returps, and an annual bearer. Fourth, A tree that will yield alarge sized fruit of good quality, a fruit that will be eagerly picked up at a good price. Fifth,. A fruit that can be kept several weeks after gathering, so as to enable the grower to take advantage of the market. My advice then would be, procure only the standard varieties. I am convinced, however, that were our nurserymen united in their efforts to establish better fruit; and less given to getting up an unwarranted ex- itement_over_some new and almost un- above the level at the base of the tree. 'The greatest danger is where the trees are grow- ing near a slone-wall, rubbish build.. logs, ples / of rails or boards where mice Before takerefuge. - Grafting is the best meansof 'obtainjng. the varieties we-want.-The-bost |- timefor cutting actons, Is during the months of February and March,. Trees that bave been girdled by nice, may be saved by con- necting the upper and lower bark, by means of grafts; the sap, from the roots, will flow on up to the top. . The grafts will grow un- [be nrade s niatter of-record;. and the. neces- . be: mkg-immngemw - allowing:but one servi a few daya and the younger farrowing:® _ ___. [. sary attention givei the-gon their farrowing-spproxciiesc. . - The plan: of only. one a sow is recommended-by many. experien -B and. successful) awiné-breede method a ature ahd well:Kept boi Several plant discases caused by Wm fungi, are so prevalent in central New York and some of the Eastern states;as to de- mand attention. trees seem to be destroyed by the \black knot.\ This is a foogus which beging ite growth in the spring, originating-from-germ~ | au,... .. anns R tngtion of lut%énr's spores, oraifeggififi [anger of the from last year's koots,. These penetrate the- tissues.of the young branches,. cause |_, them to ewell, and the bark to burst and. produce spores which spread the disease., Later the \'black koot\ appenrs on. these places, and in these are developed spores which survive the winter. - The only possi ble cure is to remove and burn all the knots and thus prevent their spreading. 'he knot also inhabits the wild cherries, spread there, unless they are looked to. A majority of the plam One «pple-tree disease is very prevalent and doing much injury. It is Roesbelia, which forme yellow spots on the leaves, The spores from the apple leaf germinate on Red Cedar, and in the spring produce the \Cedur Apples\ which after a rain, serve two or three sows per day for séyéral~ © weeks with less exhaustion than wershe: course of management.. It is certainly as proper and pays as well\ in proportion to stand a good boar as to stand & stallipn orm buil. - Not only is his strength and vigor | better sustained and theraby stronger litters secured, but being-under good control-ha is . more ducile and easily handled, and pot Hable to injure other ntoek, +> 'u whatever latitude: the pigs:are to be. teared it is- best that the-sowas~should not , grass, By this timethere permitted to serve a single sow from-thteo --- til they form a part of the tree. 'The in- time cissons may be made with a chisll and the. five times a day, as by the common : graft be firmly forced in. Four of five will be enough, - Cover. with | grafting-wax or with earth, | Great damage is done every winter with soow-banks among trees and small froite. . farrow earlier than the-mermson of -new ~~~ .~. will, be O. 'becoming chilled Hefore the to suck. < The sow a of. daily\ ¥és-and their. the latter «can: bo pushed . righ (grass ond a little gralo fAaily-it {686 than by any. other course that «would practicable to any great extent. .... ~ The nillk given by the sow so rick and heating as whon ; the dry grato, butlt . will be on.it:the pigs will make the 'bests Fheso March and April pigs, Jf bred and well cared for throug mer, will make excellent feeding: tollowlog autumn, and will be market at eight 053i}; mmflhs ol such temptation, Thé'first thine we were ever at the place called Upper Lilse, we saw a man about thirty years old, walking around upon his hands and seat, having no legs. | Our cur- osity was excited 'to learn the cause of his misfortune.. A-fow years after wo. learned from thosé fully sequainted, the following history of. his y, and the cause of his deformity: > His father and mother were both of good familfes, and in good. circumstances. | But the drink had early mastered the father of the cripple we saw. \ His parents hoping by removing him from the evil , associations surrounding him, had put him pon a fart in the wilderness, some distance fiom any place where the vile stuff was kept, hoping thereby to wean him from: his appetite for it. The wife had willingly consented to endure tho hardships ~ incident to ploneer life; anticipating great good to resilé 2hefefram: . It wes found to remove the son from his old farmer. times, taking particular pains to make thé Inferior ones show off to thelr best p ossi- ble advantage. - After driving them around for some time, and driving them up to the domine, who still eat on his horse, whip in hand, one pair on each side of the horse; necosted the Elder with 'how shall we ex- change.\ | Elder H- replied, \you sug gested the trade and I suppose it must go about as you say. | You name an oven price you . will give or take, and I will decide which pair I will drive home.\ Farmer J-- knowing the domine's lack of money, and thinking a pressing want of a few dol- lars was the sole reason of his appearance with the oxen, thought the whole matter within his own hands, and that he could obtain the two good ones upon his own terms. Apparently to be more able to make a fair offer, he opened the gate, drove first one pair, and then the other into the street and up and down it a few rods, bring- ing them up again each side of the Elder 'who had now rode out into the street also. This thmathe best oxen happened to be on [the righthand side of the-domine. The farmer Raving BOW had. time. to fully con- and sald \you may nay me ten dollars and you take the best qumlwm pay you magma T will take them.\ The en.\ With z haw buck and bright be im- | sider the matter, stepped up hat in hand omfieucino the chagrin | nelgtibor one m1mg§§1§2§smt who was for ince caught vib, wit F oy, I can tell it by its taste, where is the hive you took it out of.\ 'The thief was so plainly confronted with the theft that he fully confessed all to the Elder. The Elder told him if he would return the honey to its owner, confess his wrong and forever abstain from theft thereafter, be would not make his caso public, Neigh bor Jones accepted the terms, returned the hive with all the rest of the boney, gave brother Smith two day's work threshing and from that time, as | was universally be- Heved, lived the life of an honest, prosper- ous and industrious man. Only # few knew of the theft, and its cure. The domine succeeded in both finding the theif, and reclaiming him. The honest, jovial nature of the domine mode him a great favorite. He was also called a talented preacher. . He never lost an opportunity of doing a good set, and would do it in such a natural way, that it seemed almost impossible to act otherwise. If a man possessed enough of the elements | of manhood to become a man, he was sure to find it out, no matter how low fallen in ard see how ridicullous he looked when drunk, he was alréady half reclaimed, and if he could make him his friend and confi- dent, the work was done. Many were the -| fallen whom he helped to raise up and re- | chim. - It ha could make a. man's meéannels re- vice. nhewuldmnmgfiwmkcadmb—QbflfledSecfiomwhgmhop-yudsabdfind, 1 T believe to be the best for setting out an j #0 07. orchard, as the weeds are subdued and a [i.. known variety, for the sake of aopulnrily or fndividual gain, there would not be so great a diversity of opfaion. The trouble to a certain extent, arises from our agents who sell nursery stock. - Some who repre- sent a certain nursery and soll on commis- sion, buy their stock. from others, and de liver the fruit marked, as per order; the trees are accepted, but when they come to bearing pmanev different kind of fruit, and so are not true to name, \ The cultivation of fruit trees divides it- self into two distinct parts; the manage- ment of the tree itself, which consists of pruning.and. tying, and the management of the ground where the trees grow, which consists of digging, hoeing and manuring. The management of the tree differs with | the sort of tree, and will therefore be treat- ed of under its own particular name. But the management of the ground is the same in the cafe of all the larger trees. I should not choose a sod ground for such planting, as ground fhat bas been occupied by potatoes or com is far superior, the weeds and grasses having good amount of fertilizer Is used, which benefits the growth of the tree -- >-- severe north and west winds, if possible. wflnponhmmibfimiammc‘? portunity, sod lessons thas administered were seldom forgotion-by the sictors, -A ing there twice the size needed to receive the roots. | I would not advise poring wat- In selecting the position 'or an orchard, ' t Prom the Tn setting trees, dig the Holes for receiv- {a ér around the tree. $1116:me \ poolt-out-into-a-yellow;-jelly-like - The spores from theso | scatter through the atmosphere sod. germiuate on . the upple leaves, producing the-yellow spots with black specks; tho Tatter sups with lacernted borders, and containing spores. A remedy should be sought io removing and burning the-*'cedar-apgles.\ ~- The man who is always ready to look after the \little things\ need not fear.any serious result from the worms which nest in the trees. pick your fruit carefully, pack innest,clean, | upon racks 'built for that porposes BaF. rels are mote commonly<in use Abao - soy. other package. - Place your frit in acc dry place; the cooler frait 'can bes D | ket may be salq to. he rightly, breif: Great care should be taken in picking our fruit. | If you, wish to obtain good ~prices, \ . dry packages, OUrstes whick hold-aboit t. one bushel are good o store -fruitin.. Bome | : - have gooi results by placiig theis 111m P not freeme, <the Better. Dwelling“ designed Tor reading and farentog I [thelg_dame are of..vigorous igr slowing one or wore Crosses\ b bogr of one of Ahe- approved! bree to give size and feeditg.:.capacity progeny. . 0; C= f' Pigs intended for bree cal . d 1g \on: c_ eipense . .
