{ title: 'The Otsego farmer. (Cooperstown, N.Y.) 1885-1910, January 30, 1886, Page 1, Image 1', download_links: [ { link: 'http://www.loc.gov/rss/ndnp/ndnp.xml', label: 'application/rss+xml', meta: 'News about NYS Historic Newspapers - RSS Feed', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1886-01-30/ed-1/seq-1/png/', label: 'image/png', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1886-01-30/ed-1/seq-1.pdf', label: 'application/pdf', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1886-01-30/ed-1/seq-1/ocr.xml', label: 'application/xml', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1886-01-30/ed-1/seq-1/ocr.txt', label: 'text/plain', meta: '', }, ] }
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H. 1. RUSSELL, Publisher. _YOL. IX. Reminiscences of Farm Life of Glden | Tims, Stories, &c.---No. 6. Written expressly £01??sz Orerao Fanxzn, > _ By i. naren The means of education enjoyed by the present generation, contrasts widely with that of sixty years, or even forty years ago. _ tol We will try to gives pen picture of the | < M ._.. first school house -we entered. . It w - was built in one end with a fire place that the secod one erected upon the same site. The first composed of logs in which out | , father took his lessons, had served its time and passed away under the steady march. - of improvement. 'This, the- second one erected was comparatively new when wei firet entered it. We hadalready learned to i read in word§ of three sylables under the Anstructions of one of the bestof mothers, 'but even then we could not have exceeded five years. The school house was about twenty by twenty-four feet in size. A large would burn wood three or four feet Jong. An entry way was on the side of the chimney, entered from the outside, in which the bays left their overconts and hats, while on the opposite sid, entered froth the school room, was a like room,used for the wraps of the girls. These two rooms were probably about five by seven feet each, and separated from the school ammessmercre a ' I liquorstrained and boiled down to the right In young man in the district who had both hickness made most the hnrused -t vary lit--musclo-and-pluci, -who -was known. to. be |- tle maple sugar added, would give it a fine gloss, but too much spoiled it. Rude as were those early advantages as compared with the-childres of-torday;-we are confident they were as highly prized and far better appreciated &nd improved than areall the privileges so abundantly supplied to the present generation. | When the resources of the common school were ex- Asusted, those wishing further advance- ment pursued the-higher branches of study as best they could. Some by attending distant Academies, some by pursuing their studies by aid of private tutors. Many a man who has made his mark in our land and added lustre and distinction to his name and race, has carried his books to his shop, to his work in the field, and pored over them too, during the long night hours by the dim light of the wood fire, and thus obtained the knowledge which has enabled them to battle successfully with all the probtems of life. Those living to-day who are under the age of thirly years, can form but a limited idea of the educational advantages they enjoy when. compared with those of their fathers - . Teacher's wages in those days, compar- ed in point of price, perhaps appert less favorable than do the facilities for learning. They were very tow, and besides they had to board around the district. None but those who have tried it, can judgtrnt all of COOPERSTOWN, N. Y., SATURDAY, JA ms thorouglily qunli'ficd for teaching. The bad name of the school had spread fur and wide, and the two remaining trustees told the ong. who-wis-fatherof-the-incorrign ble, oft corrected bad-boy, that they wish- ed him. to hire the Teacher for the winter, and they would approve of his selection, regardless of cost. He at once assented and immediately applied to the young me- chanic.above named, offering Jim th8 school. --- -- .-- - 4 His answer was, \you cannot afford to hire me, as my earnings are double what you could: afford to pay.\ \How much will you teach our shool for for four months, commencing October fifteenth?\ After a moment's thought he answered, naming a sum more than double the wag- es usually paid for the best of teachers. \We accept your terms. We will depend on your teaching our school,\ was the re- ply. He went into the school and the} house was full, as his qualifications were known to every parent and scholar. All went well for about one-half of the term, memenecere Poultry Raising on the Farm. whiten Exprossly Tor The FAnMER, ~ ¢ py an a. Ponliry raising is a question which in prot time, has not received the attention it NUARY 30, 1s86. __ Horticttlturat Society. ~~ ANNUM: -ADDHEAS-OF PHE PREBIPENT; MBR. H. BAKER, Mr. Baker being unable to fe present, | his address was read by the Vige-Prosi- ner == Pure Butter and Milito Dury-Commissioner Juwan KC: Big“: report for 1885. is a very valuable and I= ~ teresting document. | Besides the text 5} \the commissioner it contains treatiss--by- - .- -% deserved, but \we are glad to notice that the number who are engaging in this pleasant and profitable industry are increasing, and well they may, for in a cc'uutry like this, which imports 8,000,000 dozens of eggs an. ually, there is room for more,. 'The different ways under which poultry dent, Dr. W. A. Thayer of Cooperstown, as follows: i Ladies and gentlemen, officers and mem- bere of the Hill-Land Horticulrural Bo- ciety of Southern Central New York: As president of your society 1 greet -you (il- tho' by proxy), and welcome you to-day to this our eighth aontal gathering in the name d-belalt yoret : der Scveral specialists. ~The report , Aiates that ©2,288.81 was paid into 'the state treasury froin Bues for violations of the dairy laws . The commisgloner says his . work has 'beed greatly. embarrasect by adverse decisions of. the courts, chiefly-by the decision of the court of appeals in the Marz case, whereis praistag ts conducted, and different breeds kept, are worth considerin®. Some prefer the non-sittere, or email varieties; others the larger breeds, or general purpose fowl, and others the Games. Any one going in- which suits his particular fancy, or which he thinks would be the moat profitable, 'The village poultry keeper, or a peroi who keeps a number of pure breeds on the ftm, must keep them parked up, but the farmer, with plenty of room, swot obliged to do this It is a weli known fret that fowls which have plenty of range are easier even with the lad boy who was now sev- enteen years past. But hit could stand the E restraint no longer, and openly and of} course purposely, vielated the rules of | school. © i The teacher quietly said to him; \L-- | you area young man, You are too 01d} and too large for me to disgrace either my- self or you by‘whippifig you. If you dis- obey my rules again you must take your; kept, moré healthy, aod better in every way. . This article is intended to encourage poultry raiking on the farm, for in our npin- ion it cau be onrrled on successfully there in connection with mexed fermieg,'sand yield a larger profit than aoything i#lso ou the farm R Farmers generally-have a lot of thongre} fowls, several different\ breeds in n mixed ping bo room by a bourd parition: The school room was celled overhead and on the side walls, with wide_matched } ds Cato those dutsifie wallFon three sides of the room were attached I writing desks or tables about two feet in width, continuousaround those three sides, Two sinall windows on each side, contain- ing about nine lights ench, of seven by nine glass, furnished the light, | Inside of the writing counter or desk or tables (we used to call them desks) were benches made by putting three: pair of legs of roun l,j sticks, jntoa strong pine slab: for the out aide scata.. - Inside of these. were three more benches of like kind not so wide or high, for use of those children not far cough advanced to be of an ageto write. In wiater in this huge | fire place a wood. fire was made by having first a big back log, then were placed at right angles two shorter sticks six or seven Inches in diameter for an-rons, then a forestick nbout eight inches ia dinmeter was placed parallel to the backlog and a few inches distant. Then wood of smaller size was used to fill the space and to form the top part of the struc ture. | All was then set burning by suits ble \kindlings\ of some kind of dry wnod. | As the wood burned away it was reploni-h <1. The backlog would last a day or more, , and the wood and-drons and: forestick , probably until about noon, at which time u w reconstruction of the fire became necesta | ry. Such a fire would warm one side of the scholars near it, and keep the air of the room often changed and give a warm look | to the room, even if one's back and feet up , on the oufaide seats were at the freezing point. ~ --During summer-the he Alled with green brush and perhaps adorn ed with flowers of wild woods of some kind as suited the taste of the teacher. One | thing we must not fail to state. that a large ) bundle of green beech, birch, or hickory whips always formed a portion of the out fit, A teacher of either sex, who could govern a school and keep order: without administering the | whip | freely, - was thought unfit to teach a school. Corporal punishment formed a very essential part of the education, and the scholar who did not want a second dose on arriving home, must be sure that his parents did not learn he hiad been whipped at school. ' * It would in those days need more than an average amount of moral courage for a parent to find fault with a teacher. that he or she had -administerd unnecessary cha tisement to a child. Reading, writing and arithmetic were the principal studies, with occasionally grommar and geography. The Columbian reader, the American preceptor and a lit- tle later the English reader, formed the reading books, Daboll's arithmetic and Murray's grammar the first we used. After a year or two Greenleal's grammar took the place of Murray's and later Kirk: ham's replaced Greenleaf's. Old Doboll lasted us through our course. After a lapse of two or three years the march of improvement pushed the old unlike a hop stove, furgisbed héat for our school room. It was far more comforta- . __ Die,. if less healthy. In those each writing scholar had to supply & rulet and Tead plummet, to rule his writing book. as ruled or calendered paper were thea un Invented. Quill pens were wholly used, anda very necessary qualification of the was the ablity to make a good 'qaill pen. We saw the firststeel pen about 3881 we ever saw, and the first raled pape? 12K used IF Talk Of pat faan tron ket belled in sth water for & ., BCE &~Ithchthe bark thrown ootxed the tho-fun-of-every-three-orfour-days-havit a new place to live, a new and cold bed to at night, a new_kind of dict and en- tire-new surroundings. © Budi oft: 'conthi- ued clinges enabled one to fully under- stand his ability to stand ull kinds of tem- pcmmrc‘, and to be hippy under all kinds of circumstances. One week perhaps your breakfast would be ready an houg:or more before daylight, and the next hardly ib time for school. One week your fare would be like the rich man's, \sumptuous and the next more like that of Lazarus. It was a fine way to convert a man or woman into true philos- ophers, The person who could sucessfully teach a dristrict school in olden time, and pre- serve his uniform good nature, was well fitted for his life race on earth, if not also for henven, We must not fail to try. to sketch aspell-! s. Daring ing school of those carly d: 'the winter: terms the spelling: school was quite an Institution. IC not only gave the larger boys nnd girls the opportunity to cultivate each other's nequaintance. innu easy and familiar way; but it gave all an? opportunity to improve in the important | act of spelling, E: teacher would assemble at the school house and choose two persons to \choose sides,\ as in the evening the scholars and it was. calied, usually those chosen tould cast lots in some way to determine who 'should have the first choice. of speliers, |l‘ml [ coll serve you as ] bave: so many |W Wenn was arranged one would be seated | teachers befor», bat I found that L an't as pat tie head of the scat on one: side of the | good ns a bundle of riss, so please try mme [house and the other on the opposite. They oneé more.\ would then commence and choose. their spellers, of coufse each choosing Ihnsv’ they thought tht least likely to miss words, [ until all were chosen who were to take part. Then one of ore persans were ap-) ed upon each side, The side missing the of course, being. the beating or win- , ning side. { The teacher then, with hook in one hand nod a tallow candle in the other, would proceed to pronounce the words, and when missed on one side, it was immediately tried ally about two such choice of sides would take place in an evening.* After testing the scholars in that way, usually the whole school would arise and the teacher would pronounce words until the school had spell- ed down as called. Any scholar, as soon {as missing a word, taking his seat and the {spelling continuing with those standing until all had missed. It was not a rare thing for every school to have one or more scholars who could spell every word the teacher could find, and who could not be thus spelled down. We have known the teacher in such a case to lay aside the spell- ing book and then even fail to fetch them out of a Webster dictionary, the kind then | mostly used. Such tests of skill often be- tamevery interesting not only to the schol- [Iigut passed before IL- aguil-lisobeyed, [and sister, at night. books and leave the school.\ The teacher\ then went on with his ditigs. Not a half and more openly than before. 'The teach- er told him to pick up his books and leave, Hig reply was, he \would not leave the school, nor obeyrthé rules ubless he chose,\ The outer hall door was open. The teacher opened the inside hall door, stepped fo the boy who was sitting, partly leaning upon the desk in front of him, and taking him firmly by both his coat and vest collars. the first move landing him over the desk in tie middle of the floor, the next he was out the doors in the street, all in an instant, and appurently as easy as if he had been a bag of cotton, The teacher then handed him. his hat and overcout and told him he would send his books home by his brothers This occurred early in the afternoen The boy went to a shop near by and | wait- ed until reeess, - When: the boys: went in from recess, me of. them said-to the teach- 'li--- wishes you to come to the door \ He went, and the boy said, wish your 1d Jet me come: back to school. E will behave my seif, you was right, I was wrong, I want you to forgive me {nut let This wis said er, me come back, whl you*?\ in the most. Irunle, | penitent © What has cau«ed. you to so soon change your mind \asked the tewher. \*I thought I was somebody, and had somesirength, and inanner. The teacher replied, \I will forgive you and try you main,\ and he went in and took his seat, and a better: scholar, or one np variety; they are kept in. a shed or out building, where the tempernture is bout as. gold farmer's wifo gives them about all the at- tention they get. Perhaps mougrel fowls eared for, but we would advise a person who wishes to improve: his flock, to- get a full blooded cockere} of the breed thit suits him bert, and eroes him with his common hens, and by getting a pure bred cockerel vach year, Which is not related to the form- er one, he will soon breed them up to a high standard at a goal] cost; or if be wishee to breed pure: fowls from the start, he can get a sitting or two of eggs, from one of the many fancy breeders, who make a bus- breeding pure bred fowls, and breed from thein exclusively. mess. of The enjoy. ment of having a flock all alike, or nearly so, will pry for the extra tronble, say noth- ing about the incressed income that will be received from them, The next thing to be considered is th? house and xnm‘mgcmunl. Poultry Should have i warm, dry place on the ground, no. wood floors, nod the best way is to have the poultry house separate, by itself. 'There is no use of building an expensive structure, this is ,all bosh, any. thing that is comfortaUle will do, except for the fancy poultrier, who cares more for A good: house, 12x20 feet, can be built for twenty-five dollars. A noth- er important thing about a house 18 plenty of light; bave it face the south, and don't begrudge the glnes. show. Now we nre ready to take up the man. agement. We all know that eqgs bring the highest prices in the winter. 'To pro- duce them at that time should be the port- try keeper's mim. Yon can't get anything who made better progress thereafter, could hat. Defonnd.~~ From that thmché wig pointed to keep a tally of the: words miss. changed bov, and made a smart: business! man, - During the war of the Rebellion he filled ably an important position, and won merited honor and distiaction, | The simple fact was he foun- himself more thin phys ically as well as mentally miTfched, and It took th. conceit all out of hirn, und he concluded to make a man of himself, | The upon the other, and. thus the spelling fon: ) jast time the teacher saw the old trustee he tinued for the alotted length of time. UsU- (geized him by beth his hands and grected | ania k him with, \I owe you a debt of gratitude I never can pay, you saved my boy and made a man of him. | God bless you.\ All is now changed from what it was If the young of the present generation fail of obtaining a grod educati-n the fault not because they lack the opportunity. All the avenn free. But the privileges are far from be ing fully appreciated, alike by parents an children. and grand opportunities are year- ly wasted. Another great change is the absence of a desire for a trade. - Not one boy or young ticeship and becoming fully its master, where there were forty to a community of like number. fifty years ago. | Does it an- rebut the spectators. circumstances and felt arzious for him to abtain.a good education.. He was young him, and be tore her clothes so near 0% ber person that ako was obliged to send to her ce Eet secool. No . The Hollowst Werle? thine the boy's fithet wes one of The tesisbs There was Boarding place feranniber to whipping, of tescher| \\C - Ered Az While animals are suffering diseomftrt from cold or other cause, they go bask\ gur good or evil to our country ? : for the positions. the Teacher undertook to correet) tions, the foreigners Will fll them. Creamery butter owesifssaperior quality to the eystesi observed in fts mak- wards. .+ - in this world unless you work for it, so you I need not expect eggs in the winter unleam ; you work. for thema, - You must give: your {leos the best of care and attention, rod try to supply: their wants, Plymouth Rocks or Langshans: are the best io Iny in the winter, and in my opinion are the beat general purpose fowl. |_ Heas should have a variety of fnod io the winter, to supply those deficienciet which they ounnot get when they run at \large-grain, vegelables, mineral fGod for shell formation, fresh water or milk, clean quarters, and should wot be over.crowded, aod they will lay in the winter and at ino. Fowls are tot very apt to be diseased, i , aod when they are, it is generally caused / we take the language of the Scriptures lit-! by feeding or management. We will not erally, we will readily see that our Creator es of education sre open and' enumerate the different diseases and their remedies; but if a fowl becomes diseased, g the best way is cut its head off at once, a>; Everyhody who j keeps poultry should have a poultry book jlesa it is a valuable one. apd stndy it. - Early chickens are very profitable; a gand man learning a trade by serving an appren fixroiler will sell for twenty-five cents per ' pound fo June or Joly, and the early pal- + lots make the best winter layers. *- A great many think poultry musing is We think small business, and hence, the profits are ; Bad boys in school were often common, hm results are already tellittg upon us Amer- «wall. bat it is oot the man who sets ont a | for the whip on a bad boy. and khanlkygms The best positions in all our great mammoth hop yard, or mins some other ; horse, often alike proving a waste of time ; manufacturing and railroad interests, are big business, That makes the most money; | muscle. We will tef of one we knew. ' now being filled with the thoroughly taught it is the business that yields the largest net | <himney aside, and a large box stove, 204) He had uniformly been bad. and had long | mechanics from the eastern herisphefe, and \ profit on the capital invested, that pays the so continued. His parents were in good that too because of their superior fithes best. The farmer who complains at the : amount of grafu his wife feeds to the heus, We are glod to see merll win: no_had better figure & little on his own busi- | ly smart, but of bad temper and delighted matter whether its possessor hails from ness aod see where the profit is It has in annoying the teacher. He would con: | England, Scotland, Ireland, or Germany, | been stated by those competent to tinue it until be had forded sa correction, |or anywhere else. Yes, by all means let that four acres devoted to poultry, and then he would fight him or het, Tike a mert win, and it will every time. If Amer-}is intelligently managed, will be quite a1 , Giger. The be was sixteen feans fafl to ft themselves for such posi | productive as a farm of one hundred and j fifty scree cultivated in the uscal way. Mickel Farm. New Liston, N. T. +exrBer than «1 othera, to poultry railing should eclect that brecd will give as much profit as any if rightly} mmes Covet the richoess of the Innd of Canaan know, Ziumdaucs with trae which | laver. - Tt teaches us that aue's mecial eatin per being Csys (o» encouraging cirguingtarcs for our mutual benet, and I trust we all bave abundant cause for foy pd reJoidog. The year past fins been to us, as a body, one of nnexcelled prosperity. The closing up of 1885 snow that the American people 'have cousomed wore of the necessaries of life during this than any previous year of our nutional existence, - Although the «bun- dance of our products has rendered their | commercial |. value c mipuratively amall, yet their usefulness or necessity buve in no way been thereby diminished or decreased their customers, - Low prices prevailed in iwhat we bad to buy, as well us sell. - The {aw of compensution bas thus remained unchang d. We sometimes extimate things from a , wrong basis. Ourin st important blessings are received by us without n money cost ; Lake the sunshine and the rain, they Come to us so ensily nnd so naturmily, that we nre apt to consider not their great value, or vhe high Source from which they emanate. Horticulture, as confluet to the strigt meaning of the word as given by most of our modern lexicographers, | would not In- clude all onur special interests, but we ex- pteond its: signiflvation an as to include. alu ple subjects we embrace within our pro- ' grime: frmit4, forestry, meteorology, ento- moloi the apfury, piécisulture, botany, - Axideemy, | sanitary... (abd rurnl adormwent ail properly represent | { subjects which Justy demand our consider- [ation, Our orghnization and the comprehen- sive dofinition openg a | wide. Beld for pro- [gress by experiment, by invention and by Investigntio+. - Each year that passes abould add to our knowledge and imformation Ench returning season | will give us oppor- tunities for vew discoveries and improve- ments. . Ench anhual gathering should in- crease our general knowledge, by divalg- ing and dimsennivating the information so obmrmned. | Life is too short. for oue person to learn all, even of a single branch of business. | The more: correct information we'can obtrin from others, just #> much is our individital work lessened and knowl- edge Increused Horticulture, in its broud significance, in- tereat- every citizen mnd enters: into every species of social advancement and eujoy- ment. . Upon it to an extent depends our civilization. . Its progress marks our nation- al ndvancement, | [t has in all ages been a true index of national position and refine- ment. . bavage life shows no progress in horticnl core. - It is ouly as society advances toward civilized life that it is appreciated or practiced. .Its taste isn cultivated: one; and the more reflued the higher degree of civilization, [The researchos in various brancles of horticulture havo . been | gre«t. . Already have been classified no less than 1,570 kinds of apples. 1,087. kinds of pedra, 207. of plums, 200 of peaches, 200 of cherries, 10 of quinces, 27 of currants, B1 of goueebar- ries, 232 of grapes, 257. of strawberries, 3) | of- Llackbertiew, 42. of meltons, . beit a hosts in other classes of from nud vegetable products. - A vast field stull remains for our Inbors 'and improvementa Gardens among the ancients were used as on tudeX of their national advancement and social progress. . 'The hating gardoue of nucient B-bylun were clussed among the wonders of the world. They are said to bave covered four acres of ground, and to ; h heen created yd ince butter. has been it- was held -that ~the-hr monufacturg and sale of any oleaginoud | substance other than thit made from 'purg - milk or cream and designed to take the plteerof.butter was unconstitutional; Thid decision emboldened dealers in imitation - buttero defy eveo the valid laws. There nre pending in the courts 150 .to 200 cases of prosecutions for violatigns of. laws, Representatives of the department are be. fore the courts almost every day. The must vexatiotis delays have been experience ed in New York city, ° ~ ' The report asserts that njany cateful tests made in different parts of the stkte fully sustain the correctness of the mill standard estdblished by the udts of 18845. The commissioner says it is practically ftbl possible to find s cow whose thilk contain- more than 88 pet-3mm of water 'or lear thin 12 per cent of solids, the proportions fied - by the standard. The commissionst eved thinks the standardis-lower than it heell be. «p that Farmers in some Toonittes hell as purd_~ buiter a compound of oleomargarine and -> _ While the sale of imitation . \.:;T;fir materially reduced in this state the enles fa the United States bave increas- ed since 1888. The commissioner diubjs if the people of any other city inthe if!“ a nre so grossly imposed upon by fullk desl ere us-those of Buffalo. Of 254 samples of milk apalyszel! in that city, 186 were adulterated. 'The commissioner is confi- dent that hig department can now dblmxtv any imitation product manufaGtured. ._ The report gives a list of materials Uked in making oleomargarine as covered by Ta- rious patents. 'These comprise sugar bt lead, borax, salicylic atid, benzoic acid, glycerine, alum, cows' udders, sulphurid acid, sal soda, caustic potash, chstor ofir chalk, stomachs of pizs, sheep or calves} nitric acid, various kinds of vegetable oils; tallow, lard, flour and & variety of other substances. The report includes a pigier by Or. R. D. Clark of Albany, which enumerates circum- ftances that vary the amount of fat in milk, such as breed; mge-aud food-of-cattle}-gived-- the best butter producing dge of the cow, the influence of.temperatufe and of fats upon the quantity and quality of millt and the governing principles and physicligical laws appertijning thereto. The paper al- so treats of creawm, the chemical codatitu- ents of butter and the causes of rancida{ tionin butter. Dr. Clark. codelydés that olcomargarine is unwholesome sd danger}, ons to health. Commissioner Brown stznngly defends the act of 1883. providiog for the adoption of a stite braid for fal cteam cheese, Four hundred aud flffio— brands were isaned last year to cheese mand ufacturers. The repuiation of New York hema; irr a tetraced form, to the height of three bun- ldred (eef. Withtn their lewd lined recepta- | cles for earth were caltivated all kinds of {treew, ahroahs and flowers; and when this ifmnl. was seen from a distance it present- led to the visicn the mul lovely hillside view of vegeistinu possible to behold. - At iis top was a large reservoir kept constant- ty filled with water, which supplied foun- [tams, Jets: and rumniog stremins, alike for {beauty and grandeur and supporting the \life of al helow it, |_ No degree of civilization has been al- | 'tained in which horticulture did not mark | ita progress and its sources of enjoyment. Even the spies sent by Moses of od to dis- | jretarned laden with the rich products of 'the field and clusters of delicions fait. If Toll croum heme has been reestablished and branded cheese brings } to 1 cent pd pound fnore than cheose not branded. Rotate Your Cropy. Farm crops, when raised ~far shy lengtH of time upon the same lands, show & grad? uit decline in nunuml yield. The length of vime necessary to produce the result varies of course with soil and climate In the case of each crop. Potatoes have been on. the same land tu Heligoland since 1806. Wheat follows wheat for ages in Egypt Ind - the same is true: of zice in China, corn if Mexico and barley in Greese, but thess considered horticulture ia the broad. sense as we have defined it, to be the very high- eat of earth's occupations and the paradise of our first parents, We read in second chapter of Genesis, eig! th and niuth verses, ns follows: | 'And the Lord: pianted a gar- den enstwatd in Eden and there he put the man whom he had formed, and out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight and | good for fand,\ _ In the fifteenth verse we read: \Aad the Lord Gixd Took the man and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep.\ Nor did he leave him alone in his pleas. ant Seld of toil. . He gave him Eve as tus helpmect; for if bis wisdom, ofr Creator trust. Whether we take this ay ao «lfegocy or is the true history of the origin of Sur rate, teactilugs are that in the practice of bor» ticultare may be foond a% mach of pure «n9 other parmutt. It would make a seccess of fite we ica} aad mond attainable by doing righgmd aed wrong invartably I We trast that oor eighth «alter- ing will in all its ways. I??? well knew man would ont succeed if feft {ajooe to und Keep\ > a ite beanty and force reuisin the same. It] happiness as car possibly te obtained from, P came tt 353333\; [~-5. The bx-xzzgramerycrflkflyi’bl’i 8 gus [ * firm-31mm: af z 'good “at“ i EOP » nl ats ba ‘vwquxfi'épetigm 1 T. Thelscaatsy # statements do not kter the above verdict?\ ° Experience show that the more limited -th6 num'er of cmps frown, the snoner fall . comes, A rotation bf crope'ts ninch balle A lew general dugqustions ’ leading ideas fot a system of. mot to be raised in suctsksion the same land. 2. Crops which tiouof one or 'two, kinds of particnlsr ought ta be by thnee which reqoire bit a of crops. after be added;
