{ title: 'The Otsego farmer. (Cooperstown, N.Y.) 1885-1910, December 26, 1885, Page 1, Image 1', download_links: [ { link: 'http://www.loc.gov/rss/ndnp/ndnp.xml', label: 'application/rss+xml', meta: 'News about NYS Historic Newspapers - RSS Feed', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1885-12-26/ed-1/seq-1/png/', label: 'image/png', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1885-12-26/ed-1/seq-1.pdf', label: 'application/pdf', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1885-12-26/ed-1/seq-1/ocr.xml', label: 'application/xml', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn87070110/1885-12-26/ed-1/seq-1/ocr.txt', label: 'text/plain', meta: '', }, ] }
Image provided by: Fenimore Art Museum
* an , hack L* a H. 1. RUSSELL, Publisher. : - VOL. VIIL _ _ ___ Bemlfllwegu‘ of Farm Mife of Olden Times, Storics, &c.---No% 1. Written expressly for Tax Finn-an, ° my It Bakem The rising generation know very mm of the things of the past, except from story. 'The maby changes in farm life, which have taken place in' our fminedidfe® country, within the past sixty years, as observed by ourself, \is .to be the subjoct -of these papers. and a dinner and often a supper, was pro- vided for all-the men. \In this case n sub- stantial supper awaited the men at an carly hour that had been before named 'by the carpenter. Now comes the point of my story, Af- ter supper a large number of the, men-re- paired to a neighbor'gand held u council and decided that the strange carpenter \was. either a witch, or else was in league with the ' devil, and it. was not safe for the community to tolerate his presence, and that he be warned out of the place.\\ One of the company was sent to the Colonel to ~-It was our\ fcflfifxfi‘fisn see light upon the farm, and also to spend the..zreatest number of our years engaged or directly Anterested-in- agricultural-pursuite.-- What we write will be vffiingg as merlrtwc come under our immediate observation, and the changes we note, those we have nc- tually known. 'The stories and incidents will be the chronicaling-~of real transac- tions and events as seen or heard by our- self. Ourprimdparents on both sides moved from the New England States and settled in Broome County, while it was primeval forest, and their lives date back to a period anterlor to the Revolution. They with their young families emigrated to this State about the beginning of the present century. My parental grandparents lived and died on the farm upon which they first settled, while those on my mother's side about 1810 moved to where Rochester now stands; «and about 1816 moved to and founded the city of Pontiac, Michigan; vhcm my grand- mother died about ten years theredfter. My grandfather, after her death, visited _ Mis eldest son, then a resident of Leon county, Florida, near Tallahnssee, where he died about forty-five years ago. To the reader this family narrative is void of inter- est, except as it becomes necessiry to fully understand some of the incidents we may relate. e My first. recollection dates back to the raising of my «parental grandfuther's new house sixty-four years ngo. Previous to that the log house, the common home of all, in our carly new country, bad answered 'well it purpose. The \new\ house still stands. _ It was ohe story in height, with a steep roof,. nnd was fifty or sixty feet wquare, with a cellar under its entire size. In the centre of the cellar was the founda- tlon of the chimney, some ten or twelve feet square, upon which was reared a huge structure, with a fireplace on gach four sides and an fmmease oven connected with the kitchen fireplace, from whose cavern: ous recesses used ty- come forth, what to me, lis ever been the climax of all good things ever yet prepared to ent, 'This house was framed of heavy timber by the old \scribe rule,\ the framing by the \sqaare rule\ as called at that time be fog just coming into use, by the enterpris- ing young men of that day. ''Witcheraft\ and belief in being directly \possessed by devils\ had not yet disappeared. At a place not far distant and some years anter- for to the raising of the house above named, eccurred an incident worthy of mention ing. A new settler wonted a barn built; and a strouger \from way down cust,\ came along and engaged to do it by the job, for lesa money than any carpenter in the vicinity; and the job was let to him. He was to hew the timber, frame, raise and cover the barn, the boards, nails and shingles, and his board being found hin. He immediately hired two stalwart sons of the farmer as his assistants. They in two days cut nnd hewed the timber for it, and the third day the farmer with his sona cont- menced to haul if to the spot. Theo car- penter wifh pole ani Square was ready to commence the laying out\ and framing. 'The first stick at hand was the ridge pole; used in al} buildings in those days. Next the plates, posts and other timbers as it came to hand. 'The news spread that a man was building Col. -- a barn, and was framing it every- where, just where_the timber happened to lay. We will here remark, that the old \scribe raie,\ or cut and try way of fram- ing, necessitated the having menenough to trg together all pieces as framed.* They Were then marked, with a marking tool, so as: to enable the carpenter to genhemto gather again the same way, s process so damb, wecould not be made to believe it, had we not ourself seen it practiced. Ralzing day soon come to ralsg the Col dheT's barn. Everybody for miles around, wes the custom, come to help raise the wonderfully framed buildifig. Many memphwedaofflxmefaflmm\ gethaorevenwyenbamum The --narpenter -bad- looked to-all-details. twenty- bushelafter being Every stick was ready; even to the pins. 'When the men were on band be pointed out the sills, and where each wes fo be Placed | I1 is thought that freezing, and perhaps to \of the ready prepared foundation, Afiisome extent the thawing and steaming uiso, went together perfect, 'The timbe¥f6t the bents was then in proper manner brought, give him the notice, with instructions to communicate the resolution to the carpenter and to. report immediately to them. He had just, retired and was slecping soundly. [The Colonel awoke him, apprised him of the council and its decision, After a moment's hesitation he said, \Col- onel, you give me so many dollars for what I have doneand convey me and my tools to --- plice, and your dear neighbors say hug their devils and witches to their heart's content,\ - It was gt once agreed to, and the messenger informed that the car- penter would leave at once, and the coun: cil retired, very much rejoiced at the oner- ous duty they had performed for this com- munity, and the impending evils they had thus prevented. Before\ the next dawn, our hero was well on his journey. We do not relate this story as coming under our own\ observation, but. have often heard it from two of those who helped to raise the barn; both of whom were carpenters, and who worked by the \wquare rule\ at the time we knew them, and were reputed men of undoubted veracity. We, ourself, in our young days, met many persons who were as strong believers in witchcraft is Lever were any of the executioners of the ''Balem witches,\ which occurrad at Salem, Mass., m few years before. Was it not for spinning too long yarns, we would relate some of their experiences is we have had them from the original netors. Before we switrhed off we were describ- ing the old house of my grandfather. The house was fished by ceiling all the ceilings and walls of all the rooms with matched pL lumber, except the great kitchen, which was far the largest room in the house. The walls of that were ceiled as the others, the lower side of the chamber floor sinooth- ly planed, and the beams or joists overhend being large, were nicely planed und beaded. Not a yard of plastering in the whole house, So close and perfect was the work that | some years after it was erected, one night the fire snapped out, as w 'as supposed, upon | the Rard neh floor, set it on fire and burned a hole fully, two.square yards in extent, and was then smothered aut, as evidenced by the smoke, us in the mornipg, on opening the doors to the kitchen, it was a. solid mass of smoke, and the burned space in the floor found as described, when the smoke had escaped sufficiently to admit of an examination, The strangeness of this occurrence was, that ten members of the family were asleep in the house, and nane of them smelt or knew of the fire until morning. What comfort in sitting nround those old fireplaces, with their roaring, blazing wood fires, with plenty of nuts, pop-corn, and mpples in the long winter's evening How delightful to us to listen to the vari- ous stories told by the neighbors, as they met to get the news and talk over the pres- ent and past. We could fill a small volume with things then heard, which have been stored in our mfudt's repository, vivid with the remembrance of each narrator, nod his personal appearance, At this date friction matches were not invented, and flint-lock fire arms the only kind known. When by any means fire had been lost, we used to obtain it by one of these ways-aither go to a neighbor's house for a supply, or if that was not prac- tieable, every family had flint and stect, (or a pocket knife would answer,) then by ig- niting tinder or \punk\ we obtained fire. We sometimes resorted to the igniting of tow, by flashing powder from the pan of the flint lock gun or pistol. We have oft- en in our boyhood days procured fire in each of these ways. In the winter season there was no danger of losing fire. But in summer it was an often occurrence, Most families during summer kept a fire burning in some old log, stub, or stump, within easy reach of the residence, as a matter of safety aud convenience for ob- taining fire. We never maw a friction match, or a percussion lock gun, until the {decade of 1890. Tt is said that while sour apples fed raw are almost valueless, they become worth frozen and then steamed enough to thaw them out and perhaps partly cook them acts chemically upon the apple and changes its constituent character. smimezmmmchtoits—plmsfifby, . magic. Bo with it all. The berts were! raigod, the gerts add _brsces, all come to , mhshoflfiabamemmuumd by all proapunced the mosk.perfect job Jedfmmtbeeobmadeninepmcfpozk ever yet seen of the Kind. 'The workiof figmmmwd’w wihan equal force in raising sech a frame. dinner. fimwmpwfieflamnighkidm bolled meade thirteen and It was thes castom to be all day csaally | An exchange states thet an Oblo pork mammdeatat ss to. the \maurer of feeding com to hogs A buskel of com andrhemeqmfi'xygrwxdndfei‘m mada twelve pounds of pork | A baske] pounds of pork, snd a busiel of fneal Jand to make every reasonable effort to cul- :| planting the.frade for so much of' the pure , making artificial butter from sour milk; ao. | _ imal fst, Iscticacid, pesout oil, almond oi, Bogus nutter- ~ Commissioner Colman addnessmg the late ous butter as follows: In taking charge of the Department of Agriculture, I determined to do what I could to protect and. advance\ the dairy in- terestsof the country. Although without specide funds for such purpose, I detailed a special agent to take charge of this matter, lect statistics, not ouly of the 'amount of butter and cleese produced, but also the {quantity of imitatton-butter - which was inacufactured and sold in the country, sup- article; but found thatdifficulties present. ed-themselves greater than would at first be supposed. Respecting the procurement or hummin- tion of the products called \artificial but- ter,\ greater obstacles are in'the way. 'The proprietors of such factories decline to give the amount of their products, and are par- ticularly'chary of giving information of the character of the ingredients. It is a well. known fact, that the basis of oleomarga- rine is beef tallow, or suet. This, in many instances, is in a more or legs impure con-\ dition; und needssarily has to he treated with nitrie acid, which, ftis claimed, is afterwards washed out. The result of all inquiries into thoir methods of manufacture has proved its unhealthfulness, principally awiig to this one ingredient, witnesses hav- ing teatifed to its injurious effect upon their clothing and shoes, while engaged in the factory; and others, of its injury tothe stomach, Oleomargarine, however, is not now manufactured to any very great extent, lardiue, or articles to the manufacture of which swine fut onter8 largely as an ele- meot, having been substituted therefor. 11m use of this enables the production of a cheaper substitute for butter; as the peouliar odor aod taste ¢f lard is more readily obvi- ated than that of tallow; moreover, its prime cost is less, as well as the cost of manufacture, owing to its being more read- Convention of Cattlemen spoke of spurl- | margarine, heated to 05° Fabr. place of butter and for cooking purposes; *Caul and kidney beef snets,\ lard, cotton seed oil, and ground slippery elm bark. Patent to 'Alfred Springer, Cincionati; O., for artificial butter, 1877; method of treating animal fate by mixing with salt, saltpeter, borax, boracic acid, salicylic eid, and benzmuucld Patent to Oseat H; \Comte; Washington, D. C., 1882; substitute for butter, called butteroid; Cotton seed ofl reduced by caus- tic soda emulsified wih .corn starch, pre- viously cooked and saunnégl with salt, col ored, and flavored with butyr‘c ether. R ~ Patent to Oscar H. Combe, Washington,\ D. G,, for substitute for lard, called oleard, of oleo oil and milk churned, sugar, glycer- ine &nd annatto added, atso-benpe ofl. Patent w Geo. B. Marshall Everett, Mass., 1882;, for a \compound for enlinary use:\ Composed of stearine, vegetable or cotton-seed oil, and orris root, . Patent to Nathan L. Nathan, New York, 1882; for artificial butter: Made of leaf- lard, treated with a solution of nitric.acid and borax, afterwards washed in cold wat- er, The product is then mixed with oleo- Milk and sugar are then added and the mass is churn- ed. It is then refrigerated, solidified, sali- ed, and prepured in rolls or blocks for market. Patent to Otto Boyson, Buffwo, N. Y., 1881} for substitute for bulter: Combination of oleo ail. bicarbonate of soda, and butyr- ic acid-uses no milk. Patent to W, H. Burnett, Chicago, Ill., 1882; relates to improvements in artificial products resembling aod intended to take the place of butter. Ingredients, hogs' lard, beef suet, cream, butter, and glycer- ing being employed to give and retain sweetness to the product, at the suine time giving greater coherence to the body with which it is Incorporated and preventing ad- herton to the knife, eto. Putenito H. R. Wright, Albany, N. Y., ily reduced, requiring as it does, a tempera- ture of about 90 degrees Fahr, when tallow requires about 150 degrees Fahr. In con- nection with this manufacture of artificial butter, many oleaginous compounds ure prepared and sold to dairymen, to be mixed ‘ with cream, whereby their product is largely | increased. They nre known as neturmt oil, purola, oleo ofl, ete , and. are composed, ns ' far ns mnalysis and examination will dis- cover, of enttonseed oil, lard oil, benne oil nut oil, nad fusil oil. Agalost the employ- themselves the ruuuly They will find | little difficulty in discovering who the par“ ties are that purchnse and use these articles. Let such be labuoed in dairy associations, | agricultural conventions, or the social circle, and let thein be taught that dishonesty Wllh not be tolerated among a clues of people, |( proverbial the world over as free from the contamination incident to trickery in trade. ) Oleamargarine circulars have heen forward.! ed to 40 addresses. Of these about one- half dozen reply that they have declined the business on recount, principally, of the probibitory laws, others make no reply. A few report as follows: N. J. Nathan & Co., of New York City, | made during the past year, 2. 000,000 lbs. of butter, John Reardon & Boas, of Bos- ton, Mass., state that from October 1, 1884. to October 1, 1885, they made of oleomar- garine, or tallow oil, 5,740,087 ibs; oleo- margarine butter, 1,158,706 Ibs. B. Darling & Co., Pawtucket, R. I. will make this year, of oleomnrgartine, 981,200 Tha, The Providence Dairy Co. make for this year, of butterine, 1,750,000 Ths. In Ciacionati, Ohio, were manuf«otared the last commer- cial year, of butterine, 780,596 lbs; To Iudi- Ind., thg past year, bave been handled by deslers of Imitation butter pro- ducts 100,000 Ibs. Mr. Tivy, In a Bt. Lowis paper, reports about 100,000 [bs of butterine made in East Bt. Louis in three mooths. Kansas City in the same time made 6,500 lbs. Oleo oil is made in St. Louis and exported to Holland and other countries. The weekly output of oleo oitip Rast St. Louls during the past winter was 260 tierees; in Kansas City, 200 tierces} in Chicago, 1,200 tierces. From the Rotterdam papers It would appear that the average receipts of oleo. oil in that city\! are 2,300 tierces. - Neqtral oils are raw lard vile and clifafly made is Chicago - For the manofaciogof all these artificial butter, if they may be so called, patents have been is. sued to many parties. Here are some of the methods parsued:t lo 1875 a patent was issued to Garret Uostre, of New York, for a method of aod olive off; also to John P. Kinney, from animal fat, soda ash sod salt. ; Patent of Hippolyte Megd, (1878; fate of | mumhreduqadhymvdmwodgexem‘ margatine mixed with milk, combined with bi carbonate of soda and pepain, from pre. pared cow's uddera, coloring mater added Patent to G. H. Webster, Chica. go, BL, 1892; fard, buttermilk, tallow, and peprin-aized with hall its weight of pure butter, then worked with the bands cofil ' cooked made sixteen snd s half pounds, chosetts, 189% compound to be cred in [ment of theso olls, nave among boarding houses unless conspicuously ex- 188%; for artificial butter, styled creaming; s combination of oleo oil, lard oil, butter oil, aud cream, mixed with oil of sesame, benne oil, or oil of sun flower seed, or out- ton seed oil, colored with snuatto, with the addition of sugar aild anlt. Laws have been prgsed by about twenty ! states, some of them prohibiting the man- ufrcture of oleomargaring or the like; others Its sale or exposure for anle, unless plainly labeled us such, aod others ex- tending the prohibition to botels and> | hibiting the words: \This house uses oleomargurine,\ Bections of these-laws | hve been declared unconstitutional or in- | West. Granaries of the Nunhwe-l. Au cstimate may be obtained of the vast cereal wealth of the northwest, aud the ; enterprise which has kept pace with iis development, from an mlertsling list of eleyntors and warehouses in Mimsesota and Dakotn recently published in the St. Paul Pioneer Press. The following Is a suinmary of the list: ‘ ' © Tots! number of elevators and ware- houses lu Minnesota and ...... The total capacity in country outside ter- miluat points bushils .. ... Total cxpacity, Minnespoll Totai capncity, St. Paul. Torri capmcity, Duluth... 1613 $8,504,400 9 884,500 1,500,000 9,400,000 heve gone into undeveloped territory and erected elevators and warchouseg even be- fore the settler cae to raise grain to fill them. Phe prin and ware) 0 s¢. low puse. ed by the Mingesota legislunre, last win-! ter, has been a material nid to the develop- ment of the system, ms previous to that time the elevator business was controlled by a few powerful companies who were kept In power and free. from~competitiou by the Tairond conipanica. 'The increase in two years io the number of elevators ou lines airectly tributary to Milfncnpollsig neatly three-fold. A ooticeable feature is the great superiority in the character, and capacity of the buildings in the ex- treme northern sections over those in the louger settled districts in the southern purt of Minnesota. 'The cost of the elevators comprising this vast system is computed ut $10,000,000, and their enpacity is more than equal to this year's crop, 50,000,000 bushels, The cost of receiving, clefring, elevating and discharging grain is ubout two cents per bushel, while elevator com- panies, who buy and ship grain, receive from three to three and a half cents, per.]. bushel. Out of this comes the interest on the invertment, all expense of maintaining aod operating. the: elevator, fusurance on gruin, cleaning and loss of weight: and grade nt terminal points. The thoughtful utterances of President Clevelmgl on our agricultural interests show that be fully appreciates the importance of the vast wenlth which is annually derived from the rich farms of the west and north- The above-statistits must convince every reader of the great benefit to he de. rived from a wise and careful exercise of the powers and duties of the department of agriculture, which Is charged with nequiring and diffusing among the people 4usefnl information .on the -oulfects-interent-1- ing to farmers. Could: effleient precautions to be also taken sgainst grain corners, which would seem, in view of the cereal operative, notably, thse of New York and Maryland, and 'eonviction has so far been , difficult to procure, > Prof.: Taylor, of the Department of Agriculture, bas given great attention to ! the means of detecting olenmargarine by i the miscroscope, and his testimony in re- cent cases before the court in the District i of Columbia, bas erasod the conviction of . parties who have sold oleomargarige with ‘ out the requirments of the Jaw. - -s - 1 Enemies of the Poultry Keeper. i ('nta, capecially the nice, innocent pet cat, is about as bad us any enemy the poulity keeper has to deal with. Capital punish ment is obout the only cure. For minks, opossums, and such varmints a. good dog is the best protection we know of.. A steel trap, when. Judicionsly used, is a heip in fighting this tribe, In the vicinity of: woods and swamps it Is never safe to leave | young stock in open coops. should be protected by means of wire net , ting over the windows and the doors. This | will afford ventilation, and will also keep out the varmin's. under a-coop so enclosed. bor's worthless dog comes some night and cleans outa comp of fat chickens just realy for the market, hand in a bill to your neigh bor. If be refuses to settle, settle with the dog. As to rats, when they once get. started on a flock of little chicks. they - will take every one in a very short time. They are fond of eggs too, and will take , them right out from under the setting hen. , Go for them with cats, dogs, traps. and poisons, and in the meantime be sure to , keep the coops closed at night -[Farm ! Journal ( \Twice a week, at least, give meat vmpsl io poultry in some form. If close to mark- et, the head of an ox can be procured or, cheap scraps of meat, but in the absence ' of this, cracklings and other ecraps from | the annual bog kifling can be used. The best time to make the stock come ; out in fine condition in the spring: is now, at the beginning of winter, Sock started in the wister in good condition may be' casily kept growing and thriving all winter and conte out in the spring Mytogrowt tight along on the new pasture. The coopy | A liitle Hinseed meal given occasionally , maaemuoeeqni'etmvdnvdmlhfnl‘mhyfimyumorm “Segggfir is beneficial to most kinds of stock, and o! meat was fowod. He says farther: ''The Lymanvchmsammmmiixzmflém‘a has a tendency to kbep the system regulat- hqwidwhen cotored reverled a very cheap | a flock of twenty hens, &¢ moe; he it ed and the hair bright Do not wait until the morning's work is. sit done up, sait does not priy to let the , Patent faszed toS. F. Cochtan. Massi heme stand shivering sround with an emp . , thas a grad nfation, ty ctomach. . 1 Cms | of other nations without fhe infliction of , nesota, upon ontside parties who desired ( to bmld elevators and extend the eystem, ' made loto bread. The finur was fine, and wealth of the northwest, bring about, but which are, nevertheless, of no infrequent occurrence, the country would be always ready'to eupply the needa impossible | to {hurdens on our own. people, by in undae ' increase in the price of grain, Should the present troubles in Europe culminate in a general war, a wonderful impetus: would be given to our grain interests, as the sup- plies from Iudia and other countries could not be long rehed upon to feed the wnrring As the burdensome restrictions placed by the railzoad companies, in Min- nations linve been removed by Inw, we may look for still more astonishing. reaults during the ensuing year in that great grain producing region. [ Argus. snel a n - TERMS, $1.50 A vii}; __ __ NO, 50. Kin-pill\ Winter Apples An experienced {gull-dealer sava he docs [not want to apples the onllur of fruil =- room, nutil there I8 a little hoge frost In- side the barrel. R T good, sound apples, and only: sutl, rre put in the barrel, and the apples nre well, xhiuken down, -and~the-head-pressed in so\ thal there is no danger of the apples shak. ing to the barrel. a slight frost -wilfnot hurt them. By This we mean, tht the barre} ean be exposed to quite a sharp frost for a short time,\ withont its penetrating deep enough Into the barrel 10 chill the .' Fruit to an infurious extent. - 'The great se- point as possible without actually freezing the apples. Apples and potatoes sliould uever be kept in thesame cellar, or if this is the potatoes should be kept in the warmest part of The cellar, and the barrels of apples,zwell headed up, near the windows, where, on days when the rir out - wide is only a few degrees above freezing, they can be treated to a mfld breege from the open win lows, while at the rame tuse the'atmosphere In the part of the cellar where-the-potatoes are-kept, does not fn}} ”hflnlfnrty degrees. With a thermometer in the cellar, it le: quite possible to cool off the apples witoout injuring the potitocs, Do vot unheard the barrels unt'l the apples are wanted. Itis rarely a good plan to gort over the up'pies to pick: out the rotten ones. Better let-thein-remaio undisturbed, - Apples in ripening, give off carbonic acid, which can not he- allowed -to-acmmpniate in-. - the house cellar, but must be re removed by ventilation. The deleterious gas, embonie acid, aids in preserving the fruit, and it is one of the mdvantages of an outside cel- lat, that this can be allowed to retuain.- [American Agticulturist, ___ -__- A Good Way to Hnise Calves. Take the calf from the dam wien not over three days old; better yet, before it av- er anckles, Give new milk from its own dam the first few days, gradually shanging it tr skim mill. Commence with Jight feed an.l increase the rations with age up to a generous , feed, but carefully attend to temperature of milk when fed. There must be strict regularity as to time of feed- ing and lemperature of milk; two feeds a day and 95 degrees for temperature, and the thermometer test is the on'y reliable «me while the calf do young Evenness of mess should be attended to closely. It takes It a- alight change tn-temperature-or-- quantity, to make a young calf sick. Get the enlf on skimmed milk as soon us posible, but make the change gradually, As the call gets uloug to eight or nine. weeks, add water to Ite rations and feed skin milk and water untH six months old. If the calf does well up to three weeks, hagin to tea ch it to eat grain. The bert wny and time to feed a calf grain Is, to feed it dry, and immediately after the call ias drank its rations of milk; do not wait evan three minutes. The best grain feel for young culves is rye and oata mixed-2. Tha of nuts to 1 Tb. of ry» and ground together. - [f tho calf should show signs of, too mach. ioose ness in its voldings, give at onc s tahle. apoonful of ground orssi¢, by puffisy with a spoon on the roots of the tonne suit hold. dng up ite head while it aw: ' Ling method of feeding and reas ll Cor rilkers | bovelearned by loc, sv cneves and testing of many methol« Siuce cho practice has been adopted-so ne 'on vars ws Coun rros -About years azo he Georgia State: Agrtcultural depart.} ment reevived from Egypt a collection of i African seeds, which were distributed ' nmong Georgin farmers. locinged in the | of South Africa. A little of this has been; cultivated every year by Dr. J H. Walkins, of Campbell enanty, who found it to le; exoclient for forage. This year he planted I an acre of it on the poorest land he had, which would not imve gielded three bushels of whent. W ithont any fertilizer, however, the Kadir corn yielded thirteen bushels. He had some of it ground into flour and had a mich, creamy color. It was made into biscuit, egg bread, and cakes, and in | each form it proved delicious. Except in ! gulot, it was impossible to distinguish it from the finest Ohio “Hayfltmr Boats Burren. -Mr. 8 H. Long recent- ly made a carefol avalysis of several pack- ages of bogus butter with the following re- {salt. Putting the stuff jn.a skillet and melt- 'tag it and adding a chemical ingredient ! which precipitated all fereign matter and left the batter floating at the top; removing ithe same the residue was examined oe. rder the microscope, \This sh—ovpd the re- mafoing quid contained h the in. 55m of annals. panda of iquaiity of lard, with an anmistakehle lard \ emel, which was eabsequently made Into a candle.\ Do be satoral; a poor diamand 53mm- -I have not had the slightest difficulty in an' growing calves, Alwaye fred and care for the ealf from heh in' tnrity, so that it may unt Inse a day's vow tn, ' , whether. for milkern or for beef «experianced any difficulty in fee fing si m i ma. I never For they will not dig lot were reeds of the Kaffir: corn, so called | milk from cows highly fed with corn sud If your neigh | Lecanse it is the principal food of the Kaffirs | entton-seed meal. -[Corrapon teut cf U- uadian Breeder. zzz ce cane o- Poultry, We often read of hens that lay 240 ogzs [a year, but such statements o more harm than good by inducing the nexperiene ] to believe such to be a Tact. Aov or is familiar at all with poultry knows that during the autumn all bens caderm the process of moulting or shedding of frath ers, This requires usually about thrme months or 100 days. As there is only 355 days in s year, wo have 265 days left after deducting the moulting period !f s hen lays regularly an egg every oths; day, she will lay 183 egos; she wili probably loose three months in hatching out her brood. and even if she isa non-sitier <he will take a resting space.. A+ moulting . {says Form und Gardemjis'® heavy dria , on the gmfewhem hvdumxg that . process, though there fre rwp’hons.gn§ i where the mamber Of eggs bxseds oak every two days it will be found iii-53 sum respondmg reduction occurs during soffic mowhs be satisfied if there Is un of eggs a year for the Mimick- manna. Dnmmhmfififigfl BM hir sign of Whafi mzfiaw seed oil, 'and ground slippery elm bark. Grand total capacity. ... .... .. \... .... 54/448,000-4-0reL of keeping apples through the winter . Patent 'to ugo Berthold, New ka ‘flfirmwdvflm—nrmmum—nfmmmmmmrmmamkmcm ————— inates City, 1882; for artifical butter; Composed | the - northwest - enterprising capitalists ['or cellat, that is Kept as near the freezing ~ 4
