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m VOL. V. AUBURN, (CAYUGA COUNTRY, N .Y .) WEDNESDAY MAY 17, 1837. p u b l i s h e d h y O l i p h a n t f y S k i n n e r , W HEREA S A n d r e w J&line, late of the town o f Auburn, in fhe county of Cayuga, 3% tS. & Co., M A C H I N I S T S ,have removed to the New Building west ofthe Stone Mill, GerieSee Street,Auburn, where they will do work; of ev- executed to Calvin ,U. Hamilton, and P a l m e r j e r y description in the Machine H d © : Holley, a certain mortgage, dated the first day uf December, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty-five, on all that c e rtain village lot w h i c h 1 3 described in said mortgage, as follows:- All Ihat certaiu piece or parcel of land situate, in the town o f Auburn, in the couuty of Cayuga, and bounded as follow s :—Beginning on the yiuth line of Franklin Street, at the northwest r.orner of the lot heretofore sold by said Ham ilton & Holley to Isaac Joftb&oa, thence south erly along t h e ; w e s t line of said Johnson’s Tot o land lormerly owned by John Demaree, and now owned by Alloa W a rden, tbence westerly along the north, line of said W a rden’s laud to the south west c o rner ofland heretofore sold by R u s sel Rich, to said Hamilton & Holley, thence northerly along the west line of the laud so sold hy said Rich to said Hamilton & Holley and the feast line of said Warden’s land, used and occupi ed'as a lane to the south line o f said Franklin-st., hence easterly •dong the south line ofsaid street o (he place o f beginning; which said mortgage s recorded in t h e C lerk’s Oifice of Cayugacoun- y, in book V of mortgages, on cages 409, Sec.; ■a nd upon which there is claimed to be due i he «um of six hundred and fiftj’-riine dollars, eighty-one cents. Default having been made in*the payment of the said money, notice is, hereby given, that the said mortgage 1 premis- • es will be sold ai public auction, a t the Wes tern Exchange, in Auburn, on tho 8 t h day of ; July next, atten o’clock in the foieuooa. Dated J a n u a ry 3d, 1337.—34 CA L VIN U. HAMILTON, PALMER HOLLEY. R a t h b u n & G oulv , Attorneys. HTACHINERV, of all kinds, Spindles, Hoisting and Lighter Screw©, Engine, Gear and common L a t h e s , o various kinds.now on hand. AU kinds of work for Car riage Makers, done in the best manner. Tenanting Tools for Spokes or Chair Ropnds,ofthe first quality. C u t t i k g E n g i n e s , Circu lar Saw Shafts, P u m p s ,— Patent Balances, Screws, of all sizes and threads, Paint Mills, Patent Saw Sets, Screw-plates,Taps and Dies ; And in short, any article needed in the Machine Line, can be had at this shop, as good as the best- and LYONS STO NE W ARE. WEBSTER’S SPEECH. A , . , I Conlinued.l largg assortment of S t o n e w a r e of a superior quality. A lso Just received, Albany and Trby Gentlemen, K pass to other subjects.— . The rapid advaicement of theExecutive NAIL , a very superior article— _u.l r-Itv js a tipic which nas already been and FIF1T BOXES Calender, Ga- ®u n ° ^ V len and Lake G lass , alluded to. I believe thqe 13 senctus cause o f dan -ger fro m this s er of the exec a t No. 6 . Merchants Row. H . PO L H E M U S & SON. Auburn, May 17, 1 8 3 7 . F R E S H G R O C E R I E S A C H O I C E assortment of G r o ceries, just received at No, 6 , M e r c h a n t s R o w , H. PO L H E M U S & SON. 1837. A u b u r n , May 17 by examining, you wiJI^ee that we sell lower than any other Shop in the western country. T w o o i t h r e e Apprentices wanted immediate ly at tlie above bu-juo.«s Anburn, Dec. 21, 1 1 & 6 . -321 f. T W HEREAS Jonathan E w i n g , o f t h e Vill age of Weedsport, in the County ofCay- ugi, did\ on the2l#t day of January, in the ye ir ofoui Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty-Five, by a certain Indenture of Mortgage, for securing the payment of the sum ofthree hundred and fifty dollar*, grant, b ar gain and sell unto John Sprague, ‘■'All that (, a it or parcel of land situate in the Town of Brutus, and village of Weedsport. being a part of Lot No. 65, in saivi town of Brutus, and hounded as follows : Beginning al a stake rtm iing in the west bank ofthe canal 66 links northerly from the north Po 3 t of the Bridge, firtneriy across lhe canal opposite Close’s tav- ••rn,(nowTerhune’s) running from thence along ■.•ai l canal bank, north twenty seven degrees ci-t one chain to a stake—thence north sixty- l iree degrees west one chain and twenty five links to a slake—thence south twenty seven j decrees west one chain to a stake—thence j easterly one chain and twenty-five links to j the place ol-beginuing. Which said mortgage I was recorded in ihe office ofthe Clerk ot Cay- j uga county, on the twenty-eighth day of April, ; One Thousand Eight [Iun,I, ed an 1 Thirty-five. J of th« late£t r atterns aud l,f l!ie inosl rece»t U, of mortgages, on pages 258, Sic., I lmPortat‘ons a u b v r s m u s e u m . FJEbkw MUSEUM,ill Chedell’s Building? directly opposite tbe Western Exchange^ Genesee Street. A u b u r n , is now open forthe reception ofvis'tors. The proprietors have incurred great expense in procuring rare and interesting specimens willi a view to mawing the establishment per manent, and a public ornament to our village ncluded in there Cuiiosities, is a very rare col- ection of B IR D S , (about 500 in numhes,) whicli cost over $4,000 This Collection wasexhtbited a t t h e American Mmseum, in New York, for a few days the early part ofthis season, and acknowledged by Nat uralists and other good judges, lo entirely sur pass ar y collection ever before exhibited iu ih U. States. As they are expecting constant ad- ditious to their collection for some months to come, they will not at p-ese»t attempt fo e n u m erate. They intend to make the Museum such as shall merit a liberal patronage. IDFAdmusion 25 cenls. children half p rice.— Doors open ar 7 o ’clock. JO H N H C H E D E L L . ) Propri. A. & J. BOSTWICK. S elors. KEYES & QUICK, M E R C H A N T T A I L O R S , A U B U R N \ j f AVE just received a large and splen rlasso r t m e n t offashinable Fall and W inter Goods, 5 0 0 0 P I E C E S P A P E R HANGINGS, BORDERS, Szc. Ivi s o n & T e r i i y , have this day added to their Stock of BOOKS & STA T I O N A R Y , a large and well sclect'-d assortment of PAPER HANGINGS, F I R E B O A R D P R I N T S , W IJYDOW P A P E R S JJJY D B O R D E R S , hi Book kj , ... al half-past eleven o’eiock, A. M. Upon said mortgage there is this day claimed to be due, $55,92. Notice is therefor: hereby given, that by virtue of « power of sale contained iu said mortgage, the said mortgaged premises lviih the appurtenances, will be sold a t public auction, at the Inn now kept by Samuel Henry, m the village of Weedsport, in the county afore, said, on the 10th day of August next, at two o’clock, P. M. Dated Feb. 2 't, 1837.—41mf». JOH N SPRAG UE. Pop pi. e & C o r n w e l l , Att’ys. W HERE \ S on the thirteenth day of De- cember, one thousand eight hunched & thirty three, William H. IV!ills,duly mo. tg^god to Samuel Sherwood all tliat part oflot num ber twenty in the township of Brutus, uow t’nto, in the county of Cayuga, bounded as fol lows:—B/ing oue hundred acres lying in the north an 1 east corner of said lot and bounded on the north-east by the north and east lines of 'hn lot, on the south bv land o f Amos Cowel, no Hie said rot, anu on ine west oy tne east line of land on said lot conveyed by said Sherwood to Isaac Dratt and James Sturge, respective- y; which mortgage was recorded in the Clerk’s office of said county, in Book S of mortgages on p.tger 4l2, &c., the thirty-first day 1 of De cember, 1833, at eleven o'clock, A. M. And whereas said mortgage has been duly assign ed to tho subscriber, and default has been made in the payment of seven hundred and thirty-three dollars and two cents now due thereon. Therefore in pursuance of law, and by virtue of the power contained in said mort gage, said premLes will be sold at public auc'ion at the Western Exchange, in Auburn, on the fiuh day of October next, at ten o’- i’lo:k in the forenoon. NELSON BKARDdLEY. Dated April 19th, 1837.-49vv24 O u r prices will make it on object for all who wish to furnish themselves with tlie a b o v e article to cull ill No. 9, Exchange Buildings. Vlay 1 11 h, 1836. NO. 4. EXCHANGE BUILDINGS. S C. DUNNING, & CO. M E R C H A N T , T A [LO R S', ai e now receiving a large and splendid assortment of C l i O T U S , a & S S X M H R S ■ & N E S T I N G , which will be made up to order on short notice, and at prices which cannot fail to induce cash customers Oct. 12. 1836—tf. M O R E E L E G A N T G O O D S f,.r ladies’ fall and winter dr« se s —50 pieces of rich figure 1 and plain Silks, entirely new; rich Satins and Chalys. for evening dresses. Splen did shawl? and scarfs, all tlie new style?— French ar.d Scotch cape- and collars, worked on Swis 3 muslin and Linen cam brick. *#*Tliread Lace and Gloves, Szc. in abund ance, now opening at the Fancy Store of M U R F E Y -fc W O O D R U F F . O t 4. 17136. C .E R T I O R A R I S and Bond-oa Certiorari together with mort other kinds ol blanks, for sal f> bv .O L I P H A N T & S K I N N E R . C £ O T B C S l i r C A S S I B S E R S A splendid assortment of Black Dahlia, Vio let, Spanish Fly, Invisible and Bottle Green, Blue, Black, Brown, Olive. Mulberry, Light ami D a r k Dial), and M ix’d Cloths, also, Ribbed Buckskin, and a v ariety of o ther fashion able Gassimeres , Sattinetts, Szc ; well worthy the attention of those wishing to buy handsome f a s h ionable and Cheap Cloths. Ju s t received, and for sale at the Green Cash Store,by Oct. 6 . J. 8 . B A R T L E 'I T Sz Co. C H A N D E L I E R L A M P S . - -The subscri bers, ageuts for the Patentee and Manufac turer, keep on hand a supply of Lawrence’s pat tern Chandelier Lamp, both plain Britania and ornamented,together with the Globes, ‘of sale by the dozen, at the manufacturer’s price, adding transportation. Also at retail. These Lamps, have almost entirely superse ded in use the Liverpool and other suspending Lamps, and aro believed to excel any other Lamps ever invented. They are well adapted to light Churches, Factories, Hotels, Stores, and ail places where a suspending Lamp is required. JNO. H. CHEDELL Sz CO. Directly opposite the Western Exchange, Gen esee street, Auburn. March 15, 1837.-44lf J V E W B O O K S , T H I S D A l f R E C E I V E D , & A D D E D —TO THE— Circulating Library. M EMOIR of Aaron B u r r , with miscellan eous Selections from his correspondence ; By Matthew L. Davis. Bulwer’s L a s t ; The Duchessdela Valliere. Melliehampe: a Legend o f ‘he Santee; B y t h e author of “ Guy Rivers” “ T h e Yetnassee,”&e. East and W e s t: a novel; By the author of “ Clinton Bradshaw.” The Desultory Man ; By the author ot “ De L‘Qrme,” and “ Darnley.” Delphine: a novel} By Madame de Stael,au thor o f “ Corinne,” &c. Further disclosnres; by Maria Monk: also, her visit to Nun’s Island, and disclosures con cerning that Secret Retreat. George Balcombe: a novel. Niafee al Barraekit aT a l e o f t h e C o u r t ofHai- oun al Raschid. The Pick Wick Club ; edited by ‘Boz.’ Foster’s Cabinet Miscellany; 2 vols*containing, St. Petersburgh, Constantinople, & c . ; By Bu. Von Tietz, and Steam Voyage down the Danube, by Quin. Harry OReardon : or Illustrations of Irish Pride, by Mrs. S. C. Hall. Lives of Cardinal Richelieu, Count Oxenstiem, &c, By G. P . R . James, The Religious opinions and character of Wash* iDgton, By E. C.M - G u ire. The E a r t h ; by Robert Mudie, author of the Heavens, &c.- Mr 3 . Sigourney’s Letters to Young Ladies; n e w edition. fhe Young Disciple: or. a memoir of Auzon- etta R. Peters, by the Rev. John A. Clark. The above works, with the following, are elso F u R SALE by the Subscribers. A Plea for Voluntary Societies, by a member of y the general Assembly. Phucyuides: translated by Wm. Smith, D*D. The History of China, by Davis, fhe Poor Rich Man, and the Rich Poor Man by the author of “ Hope L e s l i e ’’ “ T h e Lin* woods,” &c. i r J hJePonfessioa3ofanElder,y gentleman; Ilius- farn! u V ? fe“ ale portraits, f837—from highly of B l i ,rawin°s’ by p arris; By the Countess oi oiessiQgUm COUZSCT©B.’S O F F IC E . THNHE Subscriber hereby gives nolice, that he JL devotes his time In the business of collect ing notes, book accounts, Szc. and to the man agement of all kinds ofcase? before Justices of the Peace in any p a r t o f the county, and lie feels a confidence in believing that from his e x perience in former years, as well as recently, he will be able to give satisfaction to all who may favor him with a call, at Worden & Clark’s of fice, 2d door west ot Auburn Bark. H. C. W I T H E R I L L . Auburn, Jnnunrv 1 8 . 1837.7 36rn6 M A R B L E T 7 1 A C T O R Y . ----- X? hand, at hisshops i .• r t C ’SSL0.' ““ * . . No. 9,Exchar Autiurn, January 25, T 837 column. IVISON & TERRY. No. 9,Exchange Buildings. Birds. t sonSlV v A iPa'V f Cauary Birds , fine » w u « f .p p ii, “ ,bo New March 22 , 1837— 45tf ° -T. W H I T I N G has on hops on North street (opposite the New Market, and the Methodist Church,) a very extensive lot of M A R B L . E , for TO M B S T O N E S , M O N U M E N T S . T A B L E S , <£c. 4*c. of Superior quality, which will be sold at as cheap a rale as can be bought west of Albany. Auburn, August 24, 1836. Consisting in part of b lack, blue, violet, d rab, olive brown, raven, Spanish Fly; invisible und forest green Broad Cloths; also,black Mow- hair coating, a new ai t i d e for Over Coats— black German Goats hair camlets, blaclr, drab blue, cheek and striped Cassimeres. A large assortment of Vesting#, viz : Plaiu hlack, and fancy figufod^vel.vel, plain and fig- ured linen back Sattin, English quiltings, wool len and brocade velvets, pluid Merino and Val encia Stocks wholesale or r e t a i l ; Linen Bo soms and collar?, o f t h e newest patterns ; Lin en and muslin shirts, suspenders, buck and horse skin Gloves, Cravat stiffners, leather and elastic pantaloon straps, Cotton, Merino and silk Under Shit ts, brown and bleached cotton and Merino Drawejs, Trimmings of e- very description, aud of the best quality, b u t tons of a new pattern. H E A D Y M A D E C L O T H I N G - , Of which are blu e P i l o t cloth Surlou,K e r s e y Pea coat?, white and blue Blauke* Su\fout 3 , Frock and dress coal?, Double and sing’e breas ted and rolling collar Vests, Cassimere, cord and beaverleen pantaloons. At this establishment garment? of eve y description fitted, trimmed and made in su per! our style. T h e u'uuve Goods will be sbhl cheap as the cheapest. K E Y E S & Q U I C K are Agents for Scott and Perkins, successors to A. F. Saguez’s Spring and Fall fadiions, Squares and Scales, Tape measures, Advertising Cards, and their New self-varying system for drafting Coats entirely by measurement. 'Ihe Fall and Winier Fshions for 1836—’7, have been received, and those who want will please call soon and g e t them. Auburn, Nvember 1 st, 1836. 25 emporium W fashion . SC I I A N C R & R O B I N S O N , D RAPERS & TAILORS, Genesee-street, A u b u r n , N. Y., would respectfully an nounce to their friends and the public, that they continue the above mentioned establish ment on the most moderate and approved plan, containing an entirely new, superior, and most elegant assortment of the very best and choicest Goods, corresponding at all iimes with the sea sons, and consisting of the very F I N E S T C E O T H S , Camlets, Vestings, Pantaloon stuffs, of every description, Stocks, Shirts, Shirt Bosoms, Col- lai?, Handkeichiefs, Gloves' and Hose, and in the greatest variety, exhibiting at the same time the most fashionable colors and patterns. Schanck & Robinson, beg leave to add, that they fit and make to order, according to the very lalest fashions of the day, every descrip tion of clothing, and at the shortest notice. __ Tiieir fi iendsinnd the public are therefore re spectfully solicited to continue their kind aad liberal patronage toward them. N. B. Cutting done at all times, on the short est not ice, and in the best manner. Schanck & Robinson are Agents fo r T h o ’s P. W illiams & Co’s Tailors Magazine, and Quarterly Review of Fashions. Auburn, November 8 . 1836. BR O A D CLOTH STORE. N OW received by Murley & Woodruff, a splendid assortment oflow priced,medium, aud fine q u alities of Black, Blue, Brown, Violet, Dahlia, Ade laide, Mulberry, Bottle and Invisible Green, Mixed, Diatiand Spanish Broad Cloths. Cassimers of all the new styles, Ribbed, Plaids, Szc. 1 piece M e taviel Hard Dyed Black worth § 1 2 peryard, which they warrant tne finest cloth that can be produced in town. Call and see. October3rd, 1836, live has increased, is in creasing, and jjught now Id be brought F U H S . —-Genet, Gray Squirrel, Lynx and Ocalta Fox Capes collars and muffs, now eceived by M U R F E Y Sz W OO DRU F F . Oct. 3. 1836. M A Y 17, 1 8 3 7 . T O T O B A C C O C H E W E R S .-H . Polhemus Sz Son, have j u s t received a fresh supply of that very desirable article, Mrsj Miller’s Fine Cut chewiDg Tobacco, & smoking ditto. Gentlemen don’t for»et that the above is to be found at - No. 6 , Merchants Row. T E A , SU G A R , AJYD M O L A S S E S . T HE above named articles* which almost all persons wish to purchase, [particularly good Young Hyson Tea,] may be found cheap, at B A R T L E T T & Co’s. Sept. 21st, 18S6— 19. FRESSX T E A S . C H E A P YO U N G HYSON of an excellent quality. Also O L D HYSON, I M P E R I A L HYSON SKIN ond BLACK TE A S at May 10,1836. J. 8 . B A R T L E T T & CO. F I R E INSU R A NCE. W M. FOSGATE is A o e n t tor the ‘ N o r t h A m e r i c a n F i r e I n s u r a n c e C ompany ,’ of the City oi New-York, and will attend to business at his Office, No. 9, Exchange Build- Auburn, Fel 4 —39tf. (/j\RHE subscribers will p a y the highestprice i i for b u tter, cheese, lard, flannel, full cloths socks, stockings, dried apples, peaches, plumbs. COOLEY & RA T HBUN Sept. 27.1836. ann T w e n t y r F I R S T R A T E T A I L O R ESSES wanted, to whom constant employ ment will be given by S. C. D U N N I N G $C o . Tailors & Drapers, No. E4xchange Buildings Auburn. Aug. 24. 1836. Crown W indow Glass* T H E N E W EN G L A N D CROW N GLASS COM P A NY Boston, have appointed I . S. M I L L E R o f t h i s Village, their agent forsell ing their W I J V D O I V G L A S S . He will keep on hand all size 9 of said Window GHss at t h e Factory Prices, adding Transport atian only. July 5, 1836.— 9tf I. S. M I L L E R . Agent. a quan- W anted. W A N T E D by the subscribers tity of B A R L E Y © O A T S , C O R N &, RYE; fbr which the highest price will be given and money paid down. H. W ATSO N & SONS. Attb urn, Dec, ? 1 , ] % / i ~ £ B . I N O S . at the late reduced Prices 1TJL Just received!, by M U R F E Y W O O D RU F F , a large assortment of Frenehand Eng- ish Merinos. N o v , 24. T H E Subscribers h e reby give notice to their friends and customers, that they have a large q u antitv of goods on hand, which were damaged by removal at the late fire, that they will self at g reat bargains } and perfect Goods, %t reduced prices. They would also remind those indebted to them, that they a r e in Want of money, and all iccounts of over six months standing must be settled. STE E L E & GROOT. Feb 1st, 1 8 3 7 . - 3 8 Parasols and Umbrellas. A splendid assortment of a ll the new styles, Just received by May IH. M U R F E Y g? W O O D R U F . Destruction tvs “Eire. COOLEY & RATHBUN, H AVING had theif Store and most of their Goods burnt on the 22nd inst., have col lected the residue, and taken No. l l , Exchange Buildings, where they will be glad io see their friends, and sell them what they have left, so as to make it an object to b u y damaged goods. January 25, 1837. 0 *Those indebted to us, whose notes and accounts are due, we hope will not forget our need. COOLEY & RATHBUN. 5 0 0 COATS—FR O C K COATS, OVER C O A T S , CLOAKS, PA N T S VESTS Szc. &c. Szc. T h e above clothing “is now being made,\ and comprises a greater variety than was ever before offered in .Auburn. T h e prices, not withstanding thp high pressure times, are E T Very L o w ,jr$ and the public will fipd it much to tbeir advantage io call* examine, and pur chase of S. C. DUNNING & Co., Tailors and Drapers, No. 4, Exchange Buildings, Aub«rn.? J a n u a r y 35, 1837.-37 back within its limits, motives which i believe boundaries of ncient and constitutional I hav% nothing ta do with the which have led to those nets, to have irfinsbended the 4he constitution. Ctaod motives may a intentions will very assumptio not justify it, they existed, the people agt or pretended, boldly avowed take c a r e of th On the£th«fr urce. I believe the pow- motives may a (vays be assumed, as bad ways be imputed. Good tlways be pleaded, for e - : of power 5 but they can- etjen if we were sure that It is hardly too strong that the constitt tion was made to guard nst good intentions, real When bad intentions are he people will promptly nselves. hand, they will always be asked, why dfojpkshould resist or question that exercise of power, which is so fair in its object, so plausible and patriotic in appearance, and which has the public good alone confessedly in view ? Human be ings, we may be assured, will generally exercise power when they can get it ; and they will exercise it most undoubtedly in popular governments, under pretences of public safety, or high public interest. It may be very possible that good inten tions do really sometimes exist, when con stitutional restraints are disregarded— There are men in all ages, who mean to exercise power usefully ; but who mean to exercise it. They mean to govern well, but they mean to govern. They promise to be kind masters, but they mean to be masters. They think there need be but little restraint upon themselves. Their notion of public interest is apt to be quite closely connected with their own exercise of authority. They may not indeed al ways understand their own motives. The love of power may sink too deep in their hearts, even foi tbeir own scrutiny, and may pass with themselves for mere patri otism and benevolence. A charadei has been draun of a very em i n e n t citizen o f M issachusett;?, o f the last age, which, though I think it does not entirely belong to him, j’-et very well describes a certain class of public men.— It was said of this distingui-hed son ol Massachusetts, that in matters of policies and government, he cherished the most kind and benevolent feelings toward the whole earth. He earnestly desired to see all nations well governed; and to bring about this happy result, he wished that the United States might govern the rest of the world ; that Massachusetts might govern the United States ; and that Boston might govern Massachusetts ; and as for hitn- self, his own humble ambition would be satisfied, by governing ihe little town of fjoston. I do not intend, gentlemen, to Commit so unreasonable a trespass on your pa tience, as to discuss all those cases In which I think Executive power has been unreasonably extended. I shall only al lude to some of them, and as being ear liest in the order of time, and hardly sec ond tit any other of importance, I men tion the practice of removal from all of fices, high and low, for opinion sake, and on the avowed ground of giving patronage to the President; that is to say, of giv ing him the power of influencing men’s political opinions, and political conduct, by hopes, and by fears, addressed directly to their pecuniary interests. The great battle on this point, was fought, and was lost, in the Senate of tbe United States, in the last session of Congress, under Mr. Adams’-administration. After Gen. Jack son was known to be elected, and before bis term o f office began, many important offices became vacant, hy the usual caus es of death and resignation. Mr. Adams of course, nominated persons to fill these vacant offices. But a majority of the Senate was composed of the friends of Gen. Jackson ; and instead of acting on these nominations, and filling the vacant offices with promptttude, the nominations were postponed, to a day beyond the 4lh of Match, for the purpose, openly avowed, of giving the patronage of the appoint ments to the President, who was then coming into office. And when the new t? President entered on his office, he with drew these nominations, and sent in nom inations of his own friends in their place. I vvas of opinion then, and am of opinion now, that that decision ofthe Senate went far to unfix the proper balance of the gov ernment. It conferred on the President the power of rewards for party purposes or personal putposes,without limit or control. It sanctioned, manifestly, and plainly, that exercise of power, which Mr. Madi* son had said would desetve impeachment; and it completely defeated one great ob ject, which we are told the framers of the Constitution contemplated, in the manner of forming the Senate ; that is that the Senate might be a body* not changing with the election of a President, and therefore likely to be able to hold over him some check or restraint, in regard to bringing his own friends and partisans into pow er w ith him, and thus rewarding their ser vices to him, at the public expense* The debates in the Senate, on these questions, were long continued and earn est* They were of course in secret ses sions, but the opinion of those members who opposed this course, have all been proved true by the result. The contest was severe and ardent, as much so as any that I have ever partaken in ; and I have seen some service, in that sort of war fare. Gentlemen, when I look back to that awful moment, when I remember who those were, who upheld this claim, for Executive power, with so much zeal and devotion, as well as with such great and splendid abilities, and when I look a- round, now, and enquire what has become of these gentlemen, where they have found themselves, at last, under tbe power which they thus helped to establish, what has be come. now, of all their respect, trust, con fidence, and attachment, bow m a n y of them, indeed, have not escaped from be- ing broken and cru s h e d , under the weight pf the wheels of that engine, which they themselves set in potion, I feel that an NO. 1. edifying lesson may he read, by those who, in the freshness and fitllttfess o f party zeal are ready to confer the hiost dangerous powers in the hope that they, and their friends, may bask in its surishihe, while enemies only; shall be withered uv its frown. I will not go into the mention of names. I will give no enumeration of persons __ but I ask you to turn your minds back, and to recollect who the distinguished men were, who supported in the Senate, Gen. Jackson’s administration for the two first years ; and I will ask you what you sup pose they think, now, of that power, and that discretion, which they so freely con fided to Executive hands ? What do they think of the whole career tjf that ad ministration,the commencement of which; and indeed the existence of which, owed so much to their own great exertions? In addition to the establishment of this power of unlimited and causeless remo val, another doctrine has been put forth, more vague, it is true, but altogether unconstitutional, and tending to like\ dan gerous results. In some loose, indefi nite, and unknown sense, the President has been called the Representative o f the whole American People. He has called himself so, repeatedly ; and been so de nominated by bis friends a thousand times. Acts, for which no specific authority has been found, either in the Constitution or the laws, have been justified on the ground that the President is the Repre sentative of the whole American People. Certainly, this is not Constitutional lan guage. Certainly, the Constitution no where calls the President the Universal Representative of the people. The con stitutional Representatives of the I*eople, are in the House of Representatives, exer cising powers oflegislation. The president is an executive officer, appointed in a par ticular manner, and clothed with prescri bed and limited powers. It may be thought to bo of no consequence, that the President should call himself, or that others should call him, the sole Represen tative of all the People, although he has no such appellation, or character in the Constitution. But in these matters, words are things. If he is the People’s Rep resentative, and as such may exercise power, without any other grant, what i3 the limit to that power ? And what may not an unlimited Representative of the People do. When the Constitution expressly cre ates Representatives, as members of Con gress, it regulates, defines, and limits their authority 1 But if the Executive Chief Magistrate, merely because he is the Executive Chief Magistrate, may assume to himself anoth er character, and call himself the Repre sentative of the whole People, what is to limit or restrain this Representative power in his hands? 1 fear, gentlemen, that if these preten tion should be continued and justified, we might have many instances of summary political logic, such as I once heard, in the House of Representatives. A gen tleman, not now living, wished very much to vote for the establishment ofa Bank of the United States, but he had always stoutly denied the Constitutional power of Congress to create such a Bank.' The country however, was in a state of great financial distress, from which such an In stitution, it was hoped might help to e x tricate it ; and this consideration led the woi'thy. member to review his opinions with care and deliberation. Happily, on such careful and deliberate review, he altered his former judgment. H e came, satisfactorily to the conclusion that Con gress might incorporate a Bank* The argument which brought his mind to this result was short, and so plain and obvi ous, tbat he wondered how he should so long have overlooked it. The power, he said, to create a Bank, tvas either given to Congress, or it was not given. Yery well. If it was given, Congress of course could exercise i t ; if it was not giv en, the People still retained it, and in that case. Congress as the Repi esentatives of the People, might, upon an emergency, make free to us it. Arguments and conclusions in sub» stance like these, gentlemen, will not be wanting, if men of great popularity, com manding characters, sustained by power ful parties, and f u ll c f good intentions io - loards ihe public, may be permitted to call themselves the Universal Representatives of the People. But, gentlemen, it is the currency , the currency of the country— it is this great subject, so interesting, so vital, to all clas ses of the community, which has been destined to feel the most violent assaults of executive power. The consequences are around us and upon us. Not unforseen, not unforetold, here the come, bringing distress for the present, and fear and a- iarm Jfor the future. If it be denied that the present condition of things has arisen from the President’s interference with the revenue, the first answer is, that when he did interfere, just such consequences were predicted. It was then said, and repeated, and pressed upon the public attention, that that interference must ne cessarily produce derangement, embarase- ment. loss of cofidence, and commercial distress. I pray you, gentlemen, to re cur to the debates of 1S32, 1S33 and 1834, and then to decide whose opinions have proved to be correct. When the Treasury Experiment was first announ ced, who supported, and who opposed it ? Who warned the country against it ? Who were they who endeavored to stay the violence of party, to arrest the hand of Executive authority, and to convince the people that this experiment was delu sive ; that its object was to merely increase Executive power, aod that its effect, soon er orlatei, must be injurious and ruinous* Gentlemen, it is fsir to bring the o- pinions of political men to the test o f ex perience. It is just to judge o f them by their measures, and their opposition to mea sures, and for myself and those political friends with whom I have acted, on this subject of tbe currency, I am ready to a- bide the test. But before t ie subject of the currency, and its present most embarrassing state is discussed, I invite your attention, Guutle- men. to the history of Executive pro ceedings, connected with it. I propose to state to you a series of facts ; not to ar gue upon them, not to mystify them, not to draw any unjust inference from tbemj but merely lo state the case in the plainest manner, as I understand it. And I wish Gentlemen, that in order to be able to do this, in the best rjid most convincing man* ner, I had the ability o f my learned friend, [Mr. Ogden] whom you have all so often heard, and who states his case, usually, in such a manner; that\when stated, it is al ready very well arranged; Let us see, Gentlemen, tthat the train of occurrences has been; in regard to obr revenue and finances; and when thfcse Oc currences are stated, I leave to every man the right to decide for himself, whether our present difficulties, have or haye Hot; arisen from attempts to extend the Execu tive authority; In giving this detail, I shall be compelled to speak of the late Bank of the U. States, but I shall speak o f it historically only. My opinion of its u’il- tty, and of the extraordinaty ability and success with which its affairs were conduc ted, for many years before the termination of its charter, is well known. I have often expressed it, and I - have not altered it. But at present I speak only of the Bunk as it makes a necessary part in the history of events which I vVlsh how to recapitulate. Mr. Adams commenced his administra tion in Mardh, I8i25. He had been elec ted by the House of Representatives, and began his career as President under a strong and powerful opposition. From the very first day he was warmly, even violently opposed in all his measures ; and his opposition, as we all know, continued without abatement, either in force or as perity, through the whole term of four years. Gentlemen, 1 am not about to say whether this opposition was well or ill fotinded, just or unjust. I only state the fact as connected u’lth other, facts. The Bank of the United States during the four years df Mr. Adams’ administration, was in full operation. It was performing the fiscal duties enjoined on it by its charter ; it had established numerous branches— was maintaining a large circulation, and transacting a vast business in Exchange. Its character, conduct, and manner of ad ministration, were all well know”, to the whole country. Now there are two or three things worthy of especial notice. One is, that during the whole of this heated political controversy, from 1825 to 1829, the Party which was endeavoring toproduce a change of administration, brought no charge of political interference against the Bank of the United States. If any thing, it was rather a favorite with the party generally. Certainly, the party, as a party, did not as* cribe to it undue attachment to other par ties, or to the existing administration. Another important fact is, that during the whole o f the same period, those who had espoused the cause of Gen. Jackson, and whrvsoughtto bting about a revolution under his name, did not propose the des truction ofthe Bank; or its discontinuance, as one of the objects which tvere to be accomplished bythe proposed revolution. They did not tell the country, that the Bank was unconstitutional; they did not declare it unnecessary ; they did not pro pose to get along without it, when they should come into power themselves. If individuals entertained any such purposes, they kept them much to themselves. The party, as a party, avowed none such. A third fact, worthy of all notice, is, that during th*s period, there was no compaint about the state ofthe currency, either by the country, generally, or by the party then in opposition. In March,- 1829, Gen. Jackson was in augurated. He came in on professions of Reform. He announced reform of all abuses to be the great and leading object of his future administration ; and in his inaugural address he pointed out the main subjects o f this reform. But the Bank was not one of them.— It was not said the Bank was unconstitutional. It vvas not said it was necessary, or useless. It was not said that it had failed to do all that had been hoped or expected from it, in regard to the currency. In March 1829, then, the Bank stood well, very well with the new administration. It was regarded, so far as appears, entirely constitutional, free from political or party taint, and highly useful. It had, as yet, found no place in the catalogue of abuses to be reformed. But, gentlemen, nine months wrought a wonderful change. New lights broke forth, before these months had rolled away ; and the President in his message to Congress, in Dec. 1829, held very different language, and manifested very different purposes. Although the Bank had then five or six years of its charter utiexpired, he yet call ed the attention of Congress, very pointed ly, to the subject, and declared :— 1. That the constitutionality of the Bank was well doubted by many ; 2. That its utility or expediency was also well doubted ; 3. That all must admit that it had fail ed in undertaking to establish a sound and uniform cu r r e n c y ; and 4. That the true Bank for the use of the Government of tbe United Stales, would be a bank which should be founded on the revenues and credit of the Govern ment ilself. took to nominate or recommend individu als as Directors in the Branches, or offices, of the Bank* They were kind enough sometimes, to make out whole lists, or tickets, and send thetn to Philadelphia, containing the names of those whose ap pointments would be satisfactory lo Gem Jackson’s friends. Portions ofthe corres. pondence, on these subjects, have been published in some of the voluminous re ports, and other documents, connected with the Bank, but perhaps baVe hot been generally heeded or noticed. At first, the Bank merely declined, as gently as pos sible, complying with these and similar requests. But like applications began to show themselves from fnkhy quarters, and a Very marked case arose as early as June, 1829. Certain members of the Legisla* lure of New Hampshire applied for a change in the Presidency of the Branch* which was established in that Slate. A taetnbei1 of the Senate of the Ujiited States | wrote, both to the President of thfe Bank,' and the Secretary ofthe Treasury, strong ly recommending a ehange, find, in his letter to the Secretary hinting very distinc- ly at political considerations, as the ground of the movement. Other officers in the service d‘f the Government took an inters est in (he matter, and urged a change ; and the Secretary himseff wrote to the Bank suggesting and recommending it. The time had come, then, for the Bank to take its position. It did take it, and in my judgment, if it had n>’t acted as it did act, not only would those who had the care of it been most highly censurable, but a claim would have been yielded to, entirely in consistent with a government of laws, and subversive of the very foundations of Re publicanism. A long correspondence between the Secretary of the Treasury and the Presi dent o f the Bank ensued. The Directors determined that they would not surrender either their rights or their duties to the control or supervision of the Executive Government. They said that they had never appointed Ditectois of their Bran ches on politicaFgrounds, and they would not remove*rhem on such grounds. They had avoided politics. They had sought for men of business, capacity, fidelity, and experience, in the management of pecuni ary concerns. They owed duties, they said, to the Government, which they meant to perform, faithfully and im p a r t i a l ly, under all adm i n istrations ; and they owed duties to the stockholders of the B a n k , which required th e m to disregard political considerations in their appoint ments. This correspondence rah aloftg into the fall of the year, and finally termi nated in a stern and unanimous declaration made by the Directors, and transmitted t& the Secretary of the Treasury, that the Bank would continue to be independently administered, and that the Directors, once for all, refused to submit to the sfipervis- , ion of the Executive authority in any of its branches, in the appointment of local di rectors and agents. This resolution deci ded the character of the future. Hostili ty towards the Bank, thenceforward bc- c me the settled policy of the Govern ment ; and the Message of December, 1829, waa the clear announcement of that policy. If the Bank had appointed those Directors, thus recommended by members of Congress, if it had submitted all its ap pointments to the supervision of the Treas ury ; if it had removed the President ofthe New Hamps-hire Branch ; if it had; in all things^ showed itself a complying,fpolitic- al, party machine, instead of an independ ent institution ;— if it had done this, I leave all men to judge whether such an entire change of opinion, as to its constitu tionally, its utility, and its good effects on the currency, would have happened between March and December. From the moment in which the Bank asserted its independence of Treasury con trol, and its elevation above mere party purposes, down to the end of its charter and down even to the piesent day, it has been the subject to which the selectesi phrases of party denunciation have been plentifully applied. But Congress manifested no disposition to establish a Treasury Bank. On tho contrary it was satisfied, and so was the country m >st unquestionably, with tbe Rank then existing. In the summer of 1832, Congress passed an act for continu ing the charier ofthe Bank, by strong ma jorities in both Houses. In tbe House of Representatives, I think two thirds o f the members voted for the Bill. The Presi dent gave it his negative ; arid as there were not two tbiids of the Senate, though a large majority were for it, the Bill failed to become a law. But it was not enough that the contin- uamfe of the charter of the Bank was thus refused. It had the Deposite o f the pub lic money, and this it was entitled to by iatv, forthe few years which yet remained of its chartered term. But this it was de termined it should not enjoy. At the com m e n c e m e n t of the session of 1832-3, a grave and sober doubt was expressed by the Secretary of the Treasury, in his offi cial communication, whether the public moneys were safe in the custody of the Bank! I confess , Gentlemen, when I These propositions appearcJ to me, at i back to this suggestion, thus officially the time, as very extraordinary, and the las! one as startling. A Bank, founded on the revenue and credit of the Government, and managed and administered by the E x ecutive, was a conception, which I had supposed no man holding the Chief Exec utive Power in his own hands would ven ture to put forth. But the question now is, what had wrought this great change of feeling and of purpose in regard to the Bank 1 What events had occurred between March and December, tbat should have caused tbe Bank, so constitutional, so useful, so peaceable, and so safe an institution, in the first o f these months, to start up in the character of a monster, and become so horrid and dangerous, in the last ? Gentlemen, let us see what the events were which had intervened. > Gen. Jackson was elected in December, 1S2S. His term was to begin in March, 1829. A session of Congress took place, therefore, between his election and the commencement ofhis administration. Now , Gentlemen, the truth is, tbat dur. ing this session, and a little before the commencement of the new administration, a disposition was manifested by political men to interfere with the management o f the Bank, Members o f Congress under made, so serious in its import, so unjust, if not well founded, and so greatly injurious, indeed, to the credit of the whole country, I cannot but wonder that ary man o f intel ligence and character should have been willing to make it. 1 read in it, however, the first lines of another chapter. 1 saw an attempt was now to be made to remove the deposits, and such an attempt was made that very session. But Congress was not to be prevailed upon to accomplish the end by its own authority. Ii was well ascertained that neither House would con sent to if. The House o f Representative*, indeed, at the heel ofthe session, decided against the proposition by a very large ma# jority. *■ The legislative authority having been thus invoked, and#invoked in vain, it was resolved to stretch farther the long arm of Executive power, and by that arm to reach and styike the victim. It so happened that I was in this city in May, 1833, and here learned from a very authentic source, that the deposits would be* removed by the Pres* ident’s order; and in June, as afterwards appeared, that order was given* N o w it is obvious, gentlemen, that thus far the changes in nur^nancia! system, were effected not by Congress, but by the Executive. Not by lav?, but by tho will
