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Image provided by: Suffolk Cooperative Library System
Mammoth Synchrotron Now in Operation at B have n Lab A TTDT AT \/TU\A7 shows new alternating /T.l-«rviJrVJ_ V l£i VV gradient synchrotron that went into operation Friday at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Half-mile circular tunnel houses magnet ring covered with earthen dike as shielding measure. At lower left edge of ring is the linac building, which houses injection system for synchrotron. The large square struc- ture astride rear side of ring is target building, where experimental equipment for high energy physics research , utilizing synchrotron ' s proton beam , will be installed. To right of it is lab- oratory and oflice area. lJNolDl- 1 UIMINi_ .L dient synchrotron at conjunction of linear accelerator or linac , and main magnet enclosure. Fifty-Mev proton beam leaves linac , which is located behind shielding wall , left rear , and travels along four-inch pipe to lower right , passing through scries of focussing lenses and steering magnets into orbit of synchrotron magnet ring. In foreground is viewing box for visual observation of beam position and dimensions : the protons impinging upon the quartz produce light which is observed by means of television camera in front of man in foreground. Man in background , wearing in- terphone set for communication with control room and other points around synchrotron , is standing by identical viewing box. l ippC\ TC one of 210 magnet sections for OJuJAlL lO alternating gradient synchrotron , with coils in place. Vacuum chamber , in which accelerated protons are guided , is centered in gap between magnet poles, hacli magnet section is made up of about 3 ,200 laminations of 0.035- inch steel plates , and weighs approximately lti tons. (All I'hotos Courtesy of Brookhaven National Laboratory) 0\/PR ATI \/IF\A/ of '' near accelerator tank and auxil- \J V EaYr\JLI_i V l£i VV iary equipment , as seen from low energy end looking toward hi gh energy end. Tank is 110 feet long and is composed of eleven 10-foot sections coupled together. To right of tank and toward rear are four \towers , \ which make up high power radiofrequency system. Small units are control centers for linac high vacuum pumps. Large units house circuits which pulse quadrupole magnets , which focus proton beam in linac. In background is concrete shielding wall separat- ing linac fro m main synchrotron magnet ring. AGS MAIN CONTROL 7^r&rJ1tS£?t energy of above 30 Bev was produced at 4:15 p. m. Dr. Leland J. Haworlh , laboratory director , is relaying news by telephone. In front ' of oscilloscope , in white shirt, is Dr. G. K. Green , chairman of accelerator development department. COCK . RUr 1 - WAL 1 (JIN building. Purpose of machine is to provide initial acceleration of 750 ,000 electron volts to pro- tons , upon which they are injected into 50 , 000 , 000-electron-volt linear accelerator before entering orbit of alternating gradient synchrotron. ]\fl /'Y\/|\Jf~' one of concrete shielding blocks IVlvy V ll\vJ into position in target building of 25-Bev alternating gradient synch rotron at Brookhaven. A total of 1, 446 of these blocks was constructed out of heavy concrete with a weight of 240 pounds per cubic foot. Some of them weigh as much as 31 tons. Although AGS was started in 1960 , shielding was in- stalled in 1958 to permit settling of ground prior to installation of magnets. CfCMp in AGS main control room . Friday. OV_ -I-J iLi Watching oscilloscope is Dr. G. K. Green , chairman of accelerator development department. MOTOR-GENERATOR \ „: „ „ 'J n t power supply of AGS. With no load, voltage in 5 ,000 volts , full load is 4 .800 volts. Forty- seven-ton flywheel serves to store energy from 0,000 IIP motor between pulses. Earl y research with the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron will be devoted to the identification of nuclear particles gen- erated when protons from the machine collide with the nuclei of target atoms and to a thorough search for hitherto undis- covered particles which might be produced at the very high energies made possible by the AGS. In the many billion-electron-volt range , it has become pos- sible to produce momentarily many new particles of intermediate, masses between the electron and the proton , the mesons; others of mass greate r than that of the proto n , the hyperonsj and in addition the anti-matter or anti-particles , corresponding to most of them. It is now believed that these particles may hold the key to the basic structure of the nucleons which make up atomic nuclei. Their struc ture is not yet understood and new, unex- plained phenomena are appearing day by day. It is generally thought that it will be necessary to accumulate a great deal move experimental information before understanding can be achieved. One of the. purposes of a high energy accelerator is to produce mesons . These particles have been found b y physicists to be intimatel y involved with the powerful forces that hold the nucleons within the nucleus together; forces that are ulti- matel y responsible for the form and order of the physical world and for the atom ' s tremendous energy. For this reason, physicists regard the study of mesons as one of the most promising sources for a fundamenta l understanding of the nature of matter . Mesons were first observed in 1037 in cloud chamber studies of cosmic radiation. However , physicists encountered seven' handicaps in the study of mesons in cosmic radiation. They have very brief lifetimes , measured in millionths of a second or less. The processes of meson production by primary cosni ir. rays are in the upper atmosphere, beyond convenient reach. Many different phenomena are involved under uncontrolled con- ditions. The need for studying the production of mesons and their interact ion with nucleons under controlled conditions in the laboratory has been one of the primary incentives for building higher and higher energy accelerators . The AGS will greatly extend (Vi e energies at which the production of mesons can tie, studie d and \W)) make available much higher energy meson* than were heretofore available; for studying their interaction with protons and ot her atomic nuclei. The new accelerator will also be an important and prolifi c source of hyperous--those elementary particles which have masses greater than that of the protons. These important, mem- bers of the family of elementary nuclear particles were first discovered In cosmic radiation and then produced in relatively large numbers in the. multi-billion-volt accelera tors , first in the 3-Bev Brookhaven Cosmotron and late r in other accelerators. Their discovery was very instrumental in the development of the theory of \ strange particles , \ which has supplied some explanations of the complex high energy phenomena. Another of the \ ery important purposes of this new accelerator is to produce strong beams of anti-matter; that Js , anti-protons and anti-neutrons. The existence of these particles wa. - . first demonstrated at the Bevutrnn of the Universit y of Californi a in l!i55 and liifj d. The higher energy of the AGS will piodiivi! these particles in greater abundance so that their detailed properties can be studied. These investigations are expected to open a new chapter in the field of particle physics. In addition to the anti-particles of the neutron and proton, the existence of the anti-partic les of several of the types of hyperons lias recentl y been demonstrated at. the Revatron. Only a very few examples have so far been observed. It is to be. expected that the number of these very heavy particles which can be produced will increase with the muc h greater energy avail- able in the AGS. Here Is What B rookhave n s Scientists Will Do With The New AGS
