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ipwfl^i^pSW^i^^RSi IT VOL. XLV11L FT. COVINGTON, N. Y., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1932. NO. 33 News Review of Current Events the World Over More Squirming to Avoid Payment of War Debts to America—Repeal and Beer Worry Members of ^ Congress Assembling for Session, N By EDWARD W. PICKARD G REAT BRITAIN was still hopeful that the United States would not Insist that the $95,550,000 war debt principal and interest due December 15, must be paid. She had the money neces- sary, and would pay I If cbere was no way out of i t but kept on I trying to find a way. | The cabinet approved the terms of a new note to Washington : and even King George took a hand and helped decide what was best to be done. The king had a long interview with Neville Chamberlain, chancel- lor of the exchequer, who laid before him the proposal of the treasury which Is dominated by Montagu Nor- man, head of the Bank of England. This presumably was that Britain should refuse to pay now or, at least should pay into a blocked account, not transferring any money to Amer- ica at this time. Opposed to this view was that of the foreign office, upheld by Prime Minister MacDonald, that payment should be made promptly if the new request for postponement were re- fused, and that the entire matter of International debts be taken up with the Roosevelt administration when it •comes into power. It was Indicated k that the foreign office had won out In the controversy. , France, the most determined of the •opponents of payment was passing the buck to England, Premier Her- ri ot's government seeking to hold off decision and even parliamentary dis- cussion until the British course was announced. Many of the deputies, however, were rebellious '~ssnr~ to force the government to a show- down. D ERECTLY connected with the war debt affair was the fall of the pound sterling, long the unit of in- ternational finance, to unprecedented- ly low prices. By the middle of the -week the European gold standard ex- changes also weakened considerably, •and at the same time the Japanese .yen and Chinese currencies broke badly. From London came reports that there had developed a sudden scarcity of available dollars in the world mar- ket* that Britain may purchase to pay the United States. The evidence was that American currency had been bought up in France and elsewhere by exchange brokers as part of a scheme to depress the pound for the benefit of bears on sterling. B EER would seem to be occupying too prominent . a place In the American public mind, were it not for the national income and employment relief features in- volved in the restora- tion of the beverage to a legalized status. Early in the week Speaker Garner de- vised a plan to put the hesitant legisla- tors on the spot The drys and semi-drys had been asserting that a measure legal- izing beer and possi- bly light wines should not be pressed to pas- sage until a resolution for repeal of the Eighteenth amend- ment had been put through. So Mr. Garner drew up such a resolution and Announced tiiat he would Insist on its being put to a vote In the house on Monday, the first day of the* short session. It was a resolution for flat repeal, with no mention of pro- tection for the dry states. Many congressmen, both Democrats and Republicans, called on the speak- er with protests and pleas for delay, and Mr. Garner began to weaken, say- ing that If be found there was con- siderable objection to consideration of his resolution he would just as eoon back up and say: \We will wait.\ Fred Britten of Chicago and other eminent wets tried to keep the speaker to bis determination, Britten assuring him.that the Republican side of the house would supply more than 100 votes for the repeal resolution. But there was no certainty of more thnn 130 Democratic votes, so it was doubtful whether the necessary two- thirds majority could be obtained. Later In the week some of the dry members from the South were re- ported to be sliding over to the re- peal side and the prospects of the resolution were considered brighter. p EPRESENTATIVE CARL VINSON \* V of Georgia, chairman of the house committee on naval affairs, bad a long talk with PrwslUent-Elect Roosevelt at Warm Springs, and came away with his former \big navy\ attitude consid- erably chunked. He did not quote Mr. Roosevelt, but announced tbat he would favor drastic cuts In the naval build* tny program and general economies, lie declared at leust $100,000,000 could be pared from the naval budget and said he was now willing that the build- ing program should be reduced to a point far below the maximum set by the treaty of London. From what Mr. Vinson said it was ap- parent that Mr. Roosevelt hopes to provide the United States, with a small but powerfully effective navy, He thinks, too, that economies can be ef- fected by the consolidation of some bureaus and a better control of all purchases. PRESIDENT-ELECT ROOSEVELT * held a series of conferences on farm relie'f with farm organization leaders anl legislators, including Senators Rob- inson, Wheeler and Bankhead, and Henry Morgenthau, and the net result seemed to be a probability that noth- ing would be done during the short session except *the enactment of some emergency measures such as price fix- ing and perhaps mortgage refinancing. Mr. Roosevelt declined to announce his own plan in advance, saying \That would be too much like telling con- gress what to do.\ Farm leaders in Washington said they thought Mr. \Roosevelt wants to meet the 1933 crop emergency and that they are willing to accept temporary measures such as the price-fixing bill that was proposed in the previous ses- sion. H ENRY FORD spent the week in the Detroit hospital that bears his name, recovering from an operation for strangulated hernia. The opera- tion, which included removal of the appen- dix, was pronounced a success, and within three days the auto- mobil e manufactur- er's temperature, pulse and respiration were back about to normal. By that time the hospital physi- cians and members of the Ford organi- Henry Ford zation felt assured that the multi-million- aire's recovery was a matter only of rest and quiet Members of his im mediate family, who visited him daily, were no longer anxious about his con- dition. By the time this is read he may have been permitted to leave the hospital for his home. P EATH took another congressman, this time the victim being James C. McLaughlin, Republican represent- atlve'from the Ninth Michigan district and dean of that state's delegation. Stricken with heart disease while on a tour of Virginia, he died at Marion. Mr. McLaughlin, who was a member of the ways and means committee, was defeated in the recent elections by Harry W. Musselwhite, Democrat His death makes the party lineup in the house at the \lame duck\ session 208 Republicans, 220 Democrats, one Farmer-Labor, and six vacancies. E XPANSION of Its regulatory an- thority over public utility com- panies is recommended to congress by the power commission In its an- nual report The body urges that it be authorized to require concerns with federal licenses, including holding companies to submit any Informa- tion desired as an aid to their supervision. The two fundamental purposes In view, the v commission said are: \First: Regulation of the holding company in relation to the operating company and through the operating company to the consumer of electrical energy; and, second, regulation of the holding company In relation to the Investing public, which Is principally interested in the securities of such holding company.** J UST as soon as there la a let up In the depression and federal finances permit, the regular army should be increased by 2,000 officers and 40,000 enlisted men, la the opinion of Gen. Douglas MacArthur, chief of staff. In his annual report the general said the army already has been reduced below the level of national safety. \The regular army should be ready at all times,\ General MacArthur said, \to furnish any troops required by in- ternal emergencies and Initial defense against attack. The national defense act provided 18,000 officers and 280,- 000 men. This haj been progressively reduced to 12.000 cfflc«rs and 125,000 enlisted men. Including Philippine scouts. On June 30, 1932, the actual figures were 12,180 officers and 119,- 8S3 enlisted men.** D ONAL BUCKLE*, a retired shop- keeper who was a rebel against British rule for years, was appointed by King George to be governor gen- eral of the Irish Free State, on the advice of President De Valera, whose close friend be is. London was rath- er shocked by the appointment many regarding It as a distinct attempt to belittle the king and bring the office of governor general Into disrepute. Buckley succeeds Jaraes^MeNeill, who was forced out of office by De Valera. T HROUGHOUT another week Pres- ident Paul von Hindenburg sought to find a man who could form a new ministry for Germany. His best bet of the seven days was Gen. Kurt voa Schlei- cher, the minister of defense, who is prob- a b 1 y the strongest man In public life in the reich. The gener- al was willing to un- dertake the task, bat needed the support of the Nazis, and this was denied him by Adolf Hitler who con- tinued to bold the groun d tbat there should be no govern- ment unless beaded by himself. How- ever, there was hope that Hitler would yield in later conferences. If not, there was a chance that the President might instruct Von Schleicher to form a cabinet and dissolve the reichstag. Or else, he might create a -business cabinet\ under Von Papen and let it carry on, regardless of public opinion. The Nazis said If the government dissolved the reichstag forcibly, thii would be considered by them an ille- gal act and would evoke an \illegal answer.\ ^ P RESIDENT MACHADO of Cuba If not afraid of his political foe* who have so often sought bis life; an<j he is determined to restore internal peace if possible. He drdered Gen, Alberto Herrera, chief of staff, to r«* lease 80 political prisoners, and thf following day be directed that 66 oth- er oppositionists be let out of the peni* tentiary oir the Isle of Pines. Mill* tary rule was discontinued throu#ioul the island except in Havana. Machado's enemies said his mag. nanimlty was due to unofficial pres;. sure from the United States, but he denied this flatly. E AMON DE VALERA, president of the League of Nations council, passed the Lytton commission report on Manchuria on to the league assem. bly, calling that body to convene in special session on December 6. The Japanese spe c I a 1 representative. Yosuk e Matsuoka made the usual reser vation to this action in line with the Tokyo contention tbat the as- sembly Is not com petent to handle the Sino-Japanese affair, including the status of Manchuria. The council dis- missed the Lytton commission, buf stipulated that It should consider Itselt subject to recall to submit whatever information the assembly may require. To this also Matsuoka objected with, out avail. \As you know,\ he said, \we have been taking the view that the commission is no longer in exist ence.\ The committee of nineteen of the as- sembly met Thursday to prepare the. program for the special session. Then some of the great powers will have to make clear their attitudes toward the far eastern situation and if the smooth spoken Matsuoka cannot prevail It may be Japan will withdraw entirely from the league. Certainly she showt no intention x>f letting go her hold on Manchuria, whatever the rest of the world may do. P REMIER HERRIOT of France and Ambassador Dovgalevsky of Rus- sia signed in Paris the new Franco-Rus- sian treaty of nonaggressjon and con- ciliation. It is the first such, pact thai the Soviet government has completed with any of the great powers. A GRICULTURAL depression did not seem to hurt the Interna- tional Live Stock show in Chicago, for this year the affair was bigger and better than ever. The title of grand champion steer of the world was awarded to a Hereford from Texas, the selection being made as usual by Judge Walter Biggar of Scotland. The animal was raised and exhibited by Will Largent of MerkeL, Texas, and after its brief reign it went through the customary process of sale by auc- tion, slaughter and consumption by Chicago gourmets. Herman Trelle of Wembley, Alberta, Can., won the crown of world wheat king for the third successive year, the judges pronouncing bis wheat the finest they had ever seen. The new bay king is M. V. Gillett of Nebraska. Coincident with the stock show was the congress of 4-H clubs, attended by many hundreds of young agricul- turists of both sexes who competed for the usual fine prizes. H EARTILY backing op the demands of President William Green, the American Federation of Labor in con- vention in Cincinnati adopted a resolu- tion calling for the universal adoption in industry of the five day rreek and the six hour day. Stirring the delegates to waves of applause Mr. Green said labor's pa tience with industrial management was at on end. Labor's paramount policy, be said, henceforth wffuld be to resort to \forceful methods,\ If necessary, to establish the shorter work week. By those methods he meant use of every weapon In the union armory—economic political, and Industrial. It was Indicated by Mr. Greea thai the- spearhead in the movement for the thirty hour week would be a de- mand oh the federal government that it set an example by establishing that reform. $ ltSt. WMtorn N«w»p*p«r U&ioa, Gets Medal for His Good Diction uavm KOSS, announcer for the Columbia Broadcasting company, presented With the annually awarded gold medal for good diction on the radio by Dr. John H. Finiey (right) of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Republican Turkey , Is Nine Years Old National Consciousness Is Rapidly Developing. Washington.—New Turkey has just celebrated its ninth birthday anniver- sary at Ankara (Angora), the capital on the Asia Minor plateau which su- perseded intrigue-infested Constanti- nople, long the capital of the old regime. A bulletin from the National Geographic society outlines some of the forces that have been shaping the new republic 'After nine years of strenuous re- forms, the Turkish republic, because of world-wide depression, has a breathing spell in which to take stock,\ says the bulletin. \The apathy of its enemies and neighbors enabled it to escape partition. Fatalism, com- bined with the paucity of desires by the Turkish peasant, has been a con- stant drag on progress. \Great strides have been made in developing national consciousness among the variety of peoples who are combined under the government of the Ghazi (the Conqueror). The first great step was the freeing of the country of its enemies, a military operation through which the Ghazi, Mustapha Kemal Pasha, gained political leader- ship. A complete separation from the Ottoman dynasty and the Caliphate, leading to democratic forms of gov- ernment and a segregation of religion and government, was another impor- tant step. \The country is wide, the popula- tion scanty, the state of education and literacy low, communicatidns inade- quate. These factors have added to a native inertia against which Tur- key's leaders have labored ^with strik- ing results. Turned to Western Ways. \The fez was abolished in order to prepare the Turk, through western dress, to ally himself with western thought The visor of the cap, which became the popular head covering, could *e reversed so that the forehead could touch the floor in prayer; but nonetheless a sharp cut was made with the past The veil was not abol- ished, but those who abandoned it were favored. \Another milestone was the adoption of the Latin alphabet The old Arabic alphabet was closely related in thought with the Koran. With the advent of •New Turkish,' the Turkish republic moved closer to all nations using the Latin alphabet, but severed a strong bond with religious forms. Not only had Turkeys' alphabet been that of Pay French President 3,600,000 Francs Salary Paris.—While the French govern- ment is devising economies and study- Ing the possibilities of raising more revenue through new taxation in a desperate effort to balance its budget, the Paris Midi has conducted a pri- vate investigation Into the salaries paid to public officials. It appears that while French cabi- net ministers receive a salary of 180.- 000 francs ($7,200) yearly, they cease to have the benefit of any allowance to which they may be entitled by mem- bership in the chamber of deputies. They continue to receive 2,750 francs ($110) a month from the chamber, but this amount Is deducted from their salary as ministers, so that they are paid for their cabinet labors only 12,- 250 francs ($490) at the end of each month, plus 4,165 francs ($166) for motor car expenses. Should a cabinet remain In office only 48 hours—such cases have hap- pened—its members are allowed two days' pay. The president of the republic re- ceives an annual salary of 1,800,000 francs ($72,000), paid monthly In ad- vance, plus 900.-000- francs ($38,000) for nig household expenses and a like s\im for traveling and other outlays incidental to his office. Even 8,600,- 000 francs a year is not excessive when the expenses are taken into nc- (HHint Very few presidents have left •>flke i richer than when they were In 'noted. the Arabs and Persians, but many of the words were of foreign origin. A strong movement is under way to em- ploy Turkish words and free the lan- guage of foreign vocabulary, but ai the same time the study of foreign lan- guages, chiefly French and English, is being pushed. \The Ghazi, who entered Into the campaign for New Turkish through many informal personal contacts and direct persona] encouragement has recently been directing a study of Turkish history. Under his personal direction the Turkish History Research Commission has compiled a four-vol- ume world history in which Turkey has a larger place than ever before. This world history, written from the Turkish viewpoint, is to be taught in the Turkish schools. Thus the Ghazi hopes to tie the depressed present to a glorious past and a hopeful future. Roads and Railways Extended. \Ankara (formerly known to the West as 'Angora'), has become a won- der capital. Mushroom speed has been combined with careful planning and a worthy capital is rapidly tak- ing shape in the heart of the arid Anatolian plateau. \Lack of funds is slowing up the ambitious program of railway and road building on which the Ghazi'* Housewives Earn Cash Outside Home Washington.—Of the American women responsible for the care of homes and families, 13.8 per cent had gainful employment in addi- tion to their household tasts, the fifteenth census disclosed, accord- ing to information made available by the Department of Commerce. There were 28,405,294 families la the United States in 1930 reported as having \aomemakers and of these, 3,923,516, or one in every seven, had the homemakers gain- fully occupied. Work at home ac- counted for 19.4 per cent of the total so occupied and work away from home for 80.4 per cent A small number did not specify the place of employment Hired housekeepers were not counted as homemakers. The largest proportion of home-\ makers with outside work, 24.4 per cent of the total gainfully occupied, were In the classification of \serv- ants and waitresses.\ government had started, but steel bands and better roads are slowly binding the country regions together. For centuries, a great trade route by way of Trebizond (Trabzon) and Br- zurum reached from Persia to the Black sea. Commerce along that his- toric highway had declined, but through an improvement in the road- bed, commerce is again to be lured back to its historic channel between highlands and sea, between caravan and caravel. \The Turk formerly was averse to participation In trade or commerce, and many professions were In the hands of foreign residents. But many trades and professions are now re- stricted to Turks, and from barber and waiter to tailor and stock broker, the Turk Is being encouraged to look to his own people for aid. •The state has taken over many in- dustries not only because of a lack of Individual Initiative but also from a desire to train the people in new pursuits. \The United States occupies a pe- culiar plp.ee among Turkey's chief cus- tomers, since we spend three times as much for Turkish tobacco, figs and mohair as Turkey spends for Ameri- can products. New industries are be- ing fostered in the republic and the visitor with a taste for foreign foods Is finding life harder or more expen- sive. Turkish foods, candies, tinned preserves, and even sugar and choco- late are supplanting world-famous brands. \World-wide depression, slowing th< material change, has not only forced Turkey to foster home industries and bar importations from the West but has also given the Turk time to ap praise the changes of the last decade.' Bring Down Weathercock From French Church Steeple Daring Stone Masons Profit by Ancient Tradition. New York.—American \human flies\ who today find it hard to make money out of their exploits may borrow an idea from the French. The weather- cock which tops the Cathedral of Sen- lis, France, which maintained its perch despite eight German projectiles which hit^he spire io 1914, was recent- ly brought down from its perch to fill the pockets of the men who climbed to It writes Samuel Chamberlain in American Architect Four stone masons who were re- pairing the tower remembered the tra- dition that whenever the peak of the cathedral had been rea'ched by a stee- plejack, the cock (Le Coq Gaulois) could be brought down and passed from door to door as a means of ex- acting tips from home owners, and they did i t As this is the bird's first descent in 120 years,'the custom has not been overdone. Twice in recent history an audaci- ous alpinist has succeeded in climbing up the spiny surface of the spire as far as the rooster, without the aid of ropes or scaffolding. In June, 1731, an Innocent-looking young man ob tained permission to climb the wind- MAY BE SPEAKER Representative John McDuffie of Alabama is prominently mentioned as the speaker of the tiouse In the next congress, to succeed Vice President- Elect Garner. ing steps leading to the bell tower. He dashed upward and passed throug! an opening on the highest platform before the startled sexton could eatch •his breath. Climbing like an ape from crocket to crocket, he finally reached the huge ball of copper which caps the masonry. By a heroic and almost sui ddal effort the climber got over this balL Once on top of the ball the rest was easy. He performed a few gym- nastics to the awestruck witnesses be low, and then boldly unfastened the weathercock, strapped it on his bad and crawled down to face the irate sexton. By this time all the popula- tion of Senlis was a gaping,' horror- stuck gallery including, unfortunately for the intrepid climber, the bailiff who promptly clapped him In jaiL Mexico Rushes Work on New Highway to LarecL Mexico City.—In order to concen- trate all the government resources on completion of the Laredo-Mexico City highway, which is expected to be opened next summer, the department of communications has postponed all consideration of construction on the other main highway projects In the national road program. The other principal highway proj ects are: Mexico to Acapulco; Mata moros to Mazatlan; Vera Cruz to Puerto Vallarta (on the Pacific) via Mexico CJty and Gaudaiajara. Com- pletion of the Mexico City-Acapulo highway, which already Is In fair con- dition and much used by motorists, probably will claim first attention aft- er the Laredo highway Is finished. Completion of all projects is esti mated to require approximately $30, 000,000. Last of the Lawlers Quits St Louis Police St Louis, Mo.—The \last of the Lawlers\ is leaving the St Louis po- lice department, where a Lawler ha; been on the force for the past 10G y^ars. One hundred and six years ago Wil- liam Lawyer's grandfather joined the police force. Before the grandfather retired, William's father joined, aod succeeding the father was William. William's ancle, Michael, also was a member of the force. Now, after 34 years on the force, the last of the Lawlers bas turned ii his resignation. \I'm going to Cali- fornia to raise oranges,\ he said. \pOM REYNOLDS was asking MB- * dred for the umteentli time when she would be likely to make up her miad to marry him and Mildred wa» smiling very charmingly into Tom'« anxious eyes, when she suddenly leased forward and stared at the um- brella in the hands of the man in the seat ahead of them. She and Tom were sitting on top the Fifth avenue bos enjoying the lovely Riverside Drive trip. ' \Tom whispered Mildred, \that man has an ambreHa that looks ex- actly like Brother Fred's—In fact,* she added, craning her neck-a, W^ «T am absolutely certain it is Fred's um- brella—the one I had the misfortune to lose when I was In London two years ago. Tom,\ and Mildred be- came fearfully coaxing, \do ytra mind asking that young man where he got that umbrella?\ \Mildred! Have you gone nutty t There are, no doubt, a thousand um- brellas like Fred's.\ Mildred shook her head. No-^I know that Is It for the ear of the Ivory elephant on the handle was broken just like that and Fred did so prize that umbrella. He only lent It to me that day In London because I had on my new Paris suit arid he- didn't want me to spoil It first thing. I left it on the train and didn't have time to go back and inquire, as we sailed the next day for home. Please, Tom, ask him.\ But Tow steadfastly refused. \All right!\ Before Tom could stop her she had leaned forward and In the most heavenly voice in the world was asking the perfectly strange man to excuse her being rude but would he mind telling her where he got that umbrella. The stranger turned round, looked only once Into Mildred's eyes, and Tom had a beastly feeling that the game was up. \Why no,\ Jim Weldon answered with a ready smile, \as a matter of fact, I got it In London at a small tost property office on the Strand. I rather fancied the ivory elephant* MIldt«4 laughed. \WelL it's really quite funi*,\ she said, \to see that umbrella again, for I lost it on a train in London. My brother lent it to me and I simply felt dreadful when I lost i t We visited England two years ago and—that was where I lost it.\ \And I've bad It with me constant- ly for some eighteen months,\ be laughed. \You know,\ confided Mildred, and Tom was beginning to feel quite out of the picture, and a bit gloomy, \my brother would give a lot to get that back. His girl, who is now his wife, gave It to him for an engagement present, and she has always sort of felt that it was very careless of me ^t© lose it\ Tom felt that the conversation had gone quite far enough now and he didn't like the new and interested ex- pression in Mildred's eyes nor the ad- miring glances the strange man was giving Mildred. \Well.\ he put in a trifle roughly, \what are you going to do about itV* \Give it back to its rightful own- er,\ said the young man rather curtly. Mildred, too, was a bit snappy. She felt annoyed that Tom could be so petty about nothing at all. \In fact\ continued the strange young man calmly, **if you will give me your brother's name and address I will take pleasure In taking the umbrella to him myself. v I'm sure we could enjoy a chat about London, too.\ Mildred choked back a desire to laugh. Tom's brow was like a thun- dercloud. \No need to take all that trouble,\ he said with an attempt to seem genial \Mjss Caldwell can give it to him.\ **Tom! Don't be absurd,\ flashed Mildred with a laugh. \Dont you see' that this gentleman could easily think us a couple of crooks. How does he know I have a brother—If he doesnt meet him? I think he is per- fectly right In wanting to put it In the right hands.\ And in order to> hide the expression in her eyes, Mil- dred bent over her vanity bag and extracted therefrom a card on which she wrote the address of her brother. She handed this to the young man. Thanks,\ he said, \and—is there any particular time, Miss CaldwelL when I would be most likely to find your brother?\ Mildred bit her lips hard. She simply dared not show her dimples and her appreciation of the subtle manner in which the young man WAS asking Just when she was likely to be visiting her brother. \Brother is always In on Wednes- day evening,\ she said. And Jim Welden got off the bas, nor did he look back for there were those Wednesday evenings to look for- ward to. \Lost property Isnt the word,\ growled Tom. Method Method means primarily a way of transit From this we are to under- stand that the first idea of method Is a progressive transition from one step to another in any course. If In the right course, it will be the tn » •method; If le the wrong,^we cannot hope to progress.—S. T. Ooleridg* I
