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TH E D U N D E E O B S E R V E R , D U N D E E , N . Y ., T H U R S D A Y , N O V E M B E R 29, 1934. Page Seven N ew s R eview o f Current 1 Events the W orld O v er j ! President Starts His Social Reform Program, Putting Unemployment Insurance First Visits TVA on Way to Warm Springs. P RESIDENT ROOSEVELT is revel ing in baths and rest at Warm Springs, Ga., but he is not neglecting the nation’s business, keeping in close touch with Washington and receiving many official visitors. At his first press conference there lie announced with glad smiles that he would again ‘‘lend his birthday.” January 20, to the na- tionaJ eommiftee that arranges birth day balls all over the country for the benefit of infantile paralysis sufferers. B y E D W A R D W. P I C K A R D J © by Western Newspaper Union. Gen. Smedley D. Butler S OBER minded American citizens find it difficult to take seriously the fantastic story that Maj. Gen. Smedley D. Rutler told to the con gressional committee investigating un-Amer ican activities. This retired officer of ma rines charges that there is a plot, en gineered by Wall street men, to seize the government of the United States and set up a Fascist dictator ship, and the chairman of the committee. Rep resentative John W. McCormack of New York, considered the tale of enough im portance to warrant the calling of wit nesses to prove or disprove it. General Butler made his story public through the columns of the New York Evening Post, as the proceedings of the com mittee are conducted in private. If Butler is to be believed, he was approached by Gerald P. MacGuire. bond salesman in the stock exchange firm of Grayson M. P. Murphy and Company, and urged to accept the lead ership of a soldier organization of half a million men “which would assem ble—probably a year from now—in Washington, and that within a few days it could take over the functions of the government.’’ MacGuire. accord ing to the general, thought the over turn of the government might be ac complished peacefully and suggested that “we might even go along with Roosevelt and do with him what Mus solini did with the king of Italy.” Butler’s story continued: “He told me he believed that at least half of the American Legion and Veterans of Foreign Wars would fol low me. “MacGuire explained to me that they had two other candidates for the posi tion of ‘Man on the White Horse.’ He said that if I did not accept an offer would be made to Gen. Douglas Mac- Arthur, chief of staff of the United States army, and that the third choice would be Hanford MacNider, former commander of the American Legion. “ So far as I know, neither General MacArthur nor MacNider has been ap proached. Their names were merely mentioned as ‘alternates.’ ” The general said he was offered con siderable sums “ for expenses” which he did not accept. He said MacGuire in timated that among the backers of the plan were Mr. Murphy and Col. Robert S. Clark, a wealthy New Yorker with offices in the Stock Exchange build ing; and he added that later Colonel Clark offered him money to go to the American Legion convention in Chi cago last year and make a speech for retention of the gold standard, which speech MacGuire had previously given Butler. Clark, at present in France, admit ted he had asked Butler “to use his influence in favor of sound money and against inflation,” but strongly denied that he had sponsored a Fascist move ment. He declared he would take ac tion for libel against any person ac cusing him in such a connection. Murphy and other Wall street men said the story was absolutely false and unutterably ridiculous, and Mac Guire, after being heard by the Mc Cormack committee, said: “It’s a joke —a publicity stunt. I know nothing about it. The matter is made out of whole cloth. I deny the story complete ly.” S O FAR as the great steel industry is concerned, it appears that the industrial truce asked by President Roosevelt cannot be arranged, and the prospect of a strike of the steel work ers is growing. In behalf of the United States Steel corporation, a proposal was made to the American Federation of Labor that recognition of that organization would be granted, but that no contract would be made. This proposal, it was said, would be agreed to by 85 per cent of the steel industry. The labor spokesmen, led by William Green, president of the A. F of L., re jected the tender on the ground that it was hedged about in such a way to permit collective bargaining with mi nority groups or company unions, and that the employers were still unwilling to accept the principle of majority rule as set forth in the national labor re lations board’s decision in the Houde case. If a rupture comes the Federation of Labor may find the federal govern ment rather unsympathetic. Mr. Green’s influence in the White House has been waning noticeably and he has had no personal contacts with the President for some time. New Yorkers with offices in sky scrapers were gladdened by the news that a threatened strike of elevator operators had been averted and an agreement, drafted by Mayor La Guardia’s board of arbitration, had been signed by representatives of the real estate interests and the union. The union'withdrew its demand for a closed shop; and standards of wages and hours in various types of buildings will be worked out by a committee of j i three arbiters, with the union recog nized as the bargaining agent for the j employees. j jD Y ORDER of the national labor re- j lations board there will be held soon a great workers’ election which will determine whether organized labor shall dominate the country’s rubber in- ; dustry. j The board decreed that the Fire stone Tire and Rubber company and the B. F. Goodrich company of Akron, Ohio, must allow their employees to ballot on the question of whether they want a company union or an American Federation of Labor union to represent them in collective bargaining under the NRA. Twenty-one thousand workers, the largest number ever polled by the labor board on an NRA question, will par ticipate in the election. In addition another 15,000 workers of the Good year Rubber company may ballot on the same question. The Goodyear an gle of the case has not yet been passed upon by the board. Both the Firestone and Goodrich companies have opposed the elections now ordered, maintaining that condi tions in their plants are satisfactory and that electioneering in rival unions would only disturb the peace among the workers. ! C OMPTROLLER GENERAL J. R. M’CARL has thrown a monkey- wrench into part of the machinery of Relief Administrator Harry L. Hop kins. Turning down a check from Hop kins to the officials of the District of Columbia which was to have started work on a housing development, Mr. | McCarl held that the federal emergen cy relief act, providing for the grant ing of funds for various relief pur poses, could not apply to the acquisi tion of real estate and the construc tion of homes. This type of activity, he said, would be of a permanent and not an emergency nature, and the act was adopted to meet emergencies. The FERA already has under way a program of “rehabilitating” 80,000 farm families in homes and on land to be sold to them by the government j 1V/IORE and more it becomes evident that President Roosevelt intends to pursue a middle of the road policy in his efforts for national recovery, and D o n a l d r . r i c h b e r g , executive director of the national emergency council and now perhaps the Presi dent’s chief adviser, addressing the As sociated Grocers of America at their convention in New York, proposed the creation of a new federal body, com bining functions of the NRA and the federal trade commission, to define and regulate concerted trade action in the “twilight zone” under antitrust laws. Discussing the program for perma nent NRA legislation, he reiterated his opposition to control of prices and pro duction. He said the fixing of mini mum wages and maximum hours had demonstrated its soundness for elimi nating the worst forms of unfair com petition in treatment of employees, and that admittedly dishonest business prac tices should be proscribed. P HILADELPHIA iawyers are tradi tionally supposed to be able to unravel the worst of tangles, so Presi dent Roosevelt has picked one to be chairman of the na tional labor relations board. He is Francis Biddle, of the famous family of that name, and he succeeds Lloyd K. Garrison, who re tired from the chair manship to resume his duties as dean of the law school of the Uni versity of Wisconsin. Francis Biddle has been engaged in law member of the Phila delphia firm of Barnes, Biddle, and Meyers. He served from 1922 to 1926 as assistant district attorney for the eastern district of Pennsylvania. In his new post his task will be the set tlement of labor disputes arising out of the recovery act, especially those involving collective bargaining. Francis Biddle practice as a F RANCE is worried by the admitted fact that Germany has developed a military air fleet of considerable size, composed of modern pursuit and bomb ing planes, and Gen. Victor Denain, French minister of air,v estimates that by January the reich will have from 1,000 to 1,100 of these machines, swift er and better than those possessed by France. Consequently he has asked the chamber of deputies for about $230,-, 000,000 to finance a program for re covering the ground lost by French aviation. The task is already under way, $32,500,000 having been spent out of an appropriation for modernization. H UGH R. WILSON, American am bassador to Switzerland, laid be fore the disarmament conference in Geneva a proposal by the United States for international control of arms traffic and full publicity to pre vent secret arming of nations. The proposal was well received by most I o f the delegates, and it will be studied by committees in January. By the American plan each govern ment would license its manufacturers of munitions for five year periods. No reserve stocks would be allowed and manufacturers would be required to present bona fide orders before receiv ing a license. Details of war vessels built for other nations would have to be reported. Reports of licenses and orders would be turned over to a cen tral committee at Geneva and made a matter of public record. A perma nent commission, including a mem ber from each signatory nation, would be empowered to investigate transac tions. N O T A B L E S of the Catholic church gathered in Chicago from ali parts of the world to take part in thc- silver jubilee of Cardinal Mundelein, who was consecrated a bishop 25 years ago. The pope sent his personal greet ings and his blessing. that in the over whelmingly Democrat ic next congress there will be no one faction strong enough to dic tate to him. The Chief Executive and the business leaders of the country are grad ually coming together, and if and when they reach an accord on methods it will be Silas Strawn f0lin(i that a good many of the more radical ideas of the brain trusters will have been discard ed. The best minds in industry and finance are no longer standing back and merely criticizing. They are tak ing an active part in planning for the future welfare of the nation. Here with are summarized some of the im portant new developments in this di rection : President Henry I. Harriman of the United States Chamber of Commerce, in pursuance of a resolution adopted by the board of directors, has appoint ed a committee of six men, headed by Silas Strawn of Chicago, to co-operate with other business and agricultural associations In drafting plans for the recovery of business. The board of the chamber endorsed the continuation of relief and housing, but signified that business is still opposed to the unbal anced budget, further reduction of working hours as embodied in the movement for a 30-hour week, new and unprecedented outlays for public works, continuance of the NRA, the doctrine of majority rule in collective bargaining, and unemployment insur ance. Through the National Association of Manufacturers, invitations were sent to every manufacturer in the United States to attend a national industrial conference in New York on December 5 to draft “constructive recommenda tions” for presentation to President Roosevelt. In a petition addressed to the Presi dent and congress the National Econ omy league has presented a definite program for balancing the federal bud get in the coming fiscal year, holding that only by balancing the budget can sustained national recovery be accom plished. The petition proposes heavy reductions in government expenditures and additional taxes totaling $935,000,- 000. N OT so pleasing to the industrialists were the two speeches the Presi dent delivered during his inspection of the Tennessee valley project, for if his predictions are borne out, his “revolu tion” will bring about the death of pri vate enterprise in the power industry. At Tupelo, Miss., he declared himself flatly for public ownership of public utilities, saying: “What you are do ing here is going to be copied in every state in the Union before we are through” ; the allusion being to the fact that Tupelo has contracted for TVA power. In Birmingham the President said: “I am aware that a few of your citizen ry are leaving no stone unturned to block and harass and delay this great national program. I am confident, however, that these obstructionists, few in number in comparison with the whole population, do not reflect the views of the overwhelming majority. “I know, too, that the overwhelm ing majority of your business men, big and little, are in hearty accord with the great undertaking of regional plan ning now being carried forward.” F ORTY-FIVE new bills were pushed through the Louisiana legislature in five days with Senator Huey Long on the rostrum telling the legislators jast what to do, but seldom stopping to tell them why. The “Ringfish” says he now is in position to make the state a Utopia, or rather, in his own words, “the kind of state nobody has dreamed of.” It is the general belief that he hopes his \share the wealth” program will ultimately land him in the White House. - The senator’s most ambitious legis lation is the statute proclaiming a two year moratorium for harassed debtors. Another bill sets up a civil service commission, composed of state admin istration leaders, with power to re move police and fire chiefs. • That will give Long control of virtually all mu nicipal policemen and firemen. Long said the bill was intended to take them “nnt of politics.” L.ode Names Assigned to | Britain’s Rolling Stock I The numerous kinds of rolling stock hear code names, and so familiar are these to the railway man that he in- ] variably speaks of the vehicles by j their code description, says London Tit-Bits Magazine. A language of birds, beasts, flowers, and reptiles (ms thus been evolved n::d is readily un derstood. Among rolling stock code names are: Scorpion—Carriage truck open (or dinary). Macaw A—Four-wheel double bols ter wagon to carry 1-5 tens of deals, timber, etc. Termite C — Third-class 8-wheel coach with corridor, five closed and open smoking compartments. Hydra—Passenger well-truck, fitted with vacuum, run in passenger train for conveyance of vehicles on their own wheels, such as buses, etc. Crocodile—Trolley to carry 15 tons. Length 24 feet, 6 inches in well. Beetle—Special cattle wagon fitted with under-mentioned brake or pipe to run in passenger trains. Bloater—Four-wheel large covered fish truck fitted with gas lighting and three sliding doors each side. Wheel base 18 feet. Many of the words are used to de scribe varieties of the particular vehicle by the addition of A. B. C. Every station master at each of the 6,800 stations in the kingdom pos sesses a copy of the Code book and can rapidly decipher a message in this strange language. A f q ha niv/fa n Yorkshire Terrier One of Best of Show Dogs The body of the Yorkshire terrier, except for the black button of a nose, is hidden by the soft coat, parted un interruptedly from the tip of the nose to the root of the tail, observes a writer in the Los Angeles Times. Ar tistically speaking, the hair of the long face-fall drops over his head and muzzle like a rain of gold . . . and the hair of his body falls from the back like a cascade of steel blue. The shorter hair on the ears and legs is golden tan. The process of development of the breed—intended to have been a work ing terrier—is typical of man’s attempt to manufacture a type. The desire was apparently toward the production of a dwarfed, prickeared black-and-tan ter rier, possessed with sporting instinct and a coat of unexcelled length and silkiness. As foundation stock, the old Eng lish black-and-tan wire-haired terrier . . . said to be the original airedale . . . is supposed to have been used. To lengthen the coat an infusion of Skye terrier blood was employed. To impart softness and eliminate the wiry texture of the coat without re ducing its length the Maltese terrier was introduced. And to more close ly approach the “ideal” and tend to return to the black-and-tan coloring the Clydesdale terrier was enlisted. Typical Afghan Silk Merchant. The First Saddle The first real saddle is found in the so-called Column of Theodosius at Constantinople, usually ascribed to the end of the Fourth century A. D. It is not known who invented the saddle. It was developed gradually by the an cients. The Greeks rode bare-backed at first, but a little later employed the saddle cloth. Subsequently pads or rolls seem to have been added. In medieval times the saddle was much like that of the oriental saddle of to day, with high peaks before and be hind. The side saddle is said to date from the end of the Twelfth century. Voted on Slavery Had an amendment to the Consti tution of the United States which was sponsored by an Ohio congressman, Thomas Corwin, been ratified, it would have guaranteed slavery a perpetual existence, and the fight over the re peal of this amendment might some years later—even now perhaps—have run a close second to the overthrow of the Eighteenth. Receiving in 1861 the requisite two-thirds vote of both houses of congress, it was submit ted to the states, but only two rati fied it—Ohio and Delaware. Once Alaskan Capital Sitka, once the capital of Alaska, when the “Wild Land” was under Rus sian rule, is located on an island amid myriads of isles, one of which is sur mounted by majestic Mbunt Edge combe. St Michael’s cathedral was built in 1817 and is in the form of a cross. It is the oldest shrine on the Pacific coast. The equipment still shows the lavish splendors of early Russian decoration and contains the same vestments. Sparrows Are Productive It is not unusual ih some parts of the country for a single pair of Eng lish sparrows to rear 20 to 30 young in the course of a year. Assuming the annual product of a pair to be 24 young, of which half are females and half males, and assuming that all live, together with their offpsring, in ten years the total progeny would be 275,- 716,983,698. U. S. Tidal Shore Line The total length of the tidal shore line and total area of continental United States, including islands, is 21,- 862 statute miles, of which 15,132 miles is in Alaska. The area of continental United States is 3,026,789 square miles; the area of Alaska, including the Aleutian islands, is 586,400 square miles. Prepared by National Geographic Society. W ashington. D. C .-W N U Service. P ROBABLY no people of Asia fought harder against the inva sion of Western customs than the Afghans. Not many years ago few were the foreigners who crossed their borders and lived to tell the tale. In recent years, however, many visitors have given in print first-hand descrip, tions of the kingdom that reposes among the mountains northwest of India. In Asia, where headgear is a sign of rank or race, the Afghan has re fused to “go high hat.” To the Durani leaders and Shinwari tribesmen, the threat of parliamentary procedure was bad enough, for Afghan istan was more a mountain-sandwiched mass of aggressively independent tribes than a united nation. But edicts prescribing shorn beards, frock coats, and top hats were last straws on their tolerance of hasty centralization. They felt that a high-speed dawn from the west was a false dawn. And so they proved it. Amanullah—the Peace of God—fled After six years the turban remains, a sign that, even in Asia, ! haste makes waste. To induce European thoughts in Turkish heads, Mustapha Kemal Pasha tucked the Latin alphabet in below European hats. Amanullah hoped to accomplish even more radical changes. But the patient Afghan mountaineer, a swaggering “he-man” if there ever was one, persisted in sticking to his broad turban or dressy astrakhan cap. And thereby hangs a tale. Afghanistan was long isolated by po- politicai jealousy as Mecca and Lhasa are by prayer niche and prayer wheel. The Afghans cherished isolation as had their predecessors, the Parthians, who “held it as a maxim to accord no passage over their country to any stranger.” In 1917 when a traveler rode south ward from Merv, Kushka was the end of a blind alley. In 1921 when he went northwestward through the Khyber pass and faced that famous sign read ing: “It Is Absolutely Forbidden to Cross This Border into Afghan Terri tory,” there was a Gurkha guard to emphasize the “absolutely.” Couldn’t Hustle the East. By 1917 not only was Afghanistan open to visitors but current events speeded up. Before the end of that medieval year King Amanullah and Queen Souriya. monogamist rulers of a polygamous land, had boarded their first steamship and were at the thresh old of western culture, its permanent values then reinforced by industrial activity and bull markets. The next six months were amazing. The vacationing rulers rode from tri umph to triumph, enjoying such Euro pean thrills as few Europeans know because westerners have had decades to become accustomed to what the Afghan rulers personally encountered during a few weeks of western hos pitality. Rome, Monte Carlo, Paris, Belgium, Switzerland, Berlin, Leipzig, London, Warsaw, Moscow, Ankara, Istanbul, Te heran—theirs was no commonplace trip. Nations hoping for commercial or political advantage outdid one an other in honoring these rulers of a newly opened buffer state between the native republics of Soviet Turkestan and that “No-man’s Land.” bristli-ng with manhood, along which runs the long, strategic land frontier of the British empire. Across the northwest frontier, India’s Chinese wall, many a conqueror en tered Hindustan, treasure house of gold and jewels. The presence of pov erty-stricken and nomadic tribesmen so close to ill-guarded riches often proved disastrous to India. It is no wonder that the British ruler invited the Afghan king to be the first royal visitor ever to fly over London, and staged a mock battle for his benefit. A few months later this honored guest of modern Europe was driven from his palace in Kabul. Kipling wrote the epitaph of such. Amanullah. like other enthusiasts, “tried to hustle the East” | Of course, it is fantastic to suggest ; J that the Afghans overthrew their ener- j j getic king simply over a question of ! j dress; because village girls were forced j | to attend school without the consent J of their parents; or even because the J consent of the bride was made obliga-! tory for marriage. Economic and re- i ligious problems were involved, and i the Afghan reformer perhaps lacked a ’ knowledge of popular psychology. i In emulating Mustapha Kemal j Pasha, Amanullah failed to realize that I the Turkish leader, by saving his coun- j try from division between foreign pow- j ers, developed a new-born nationalism,; whereas Afghanistan was still divided j against itself by snow-clad mountains | and feudal customs under which tri- j bal loyalty was more potent than pa- \ triotism. ! i His Deceptive Welcome Home. ; Flattering contacts with western i civilization had weakened Amanullah’s | judgment and the cordiality with which' he was welcomed home was deceiving.! Kabul was in festal array. Gen-. darmes in new red uniforms stood in rigid lines between bright triumphal arches. Afghan carpets by day and colored lanterns by night brightened the mud walls of the mountain-girt capital, whicji, like Bukhara, made an earthen flowerpot for colorful crowds. Tribesmen from the hills added their cocky costumes and loop-the-loop foot gear to the best dress of the citizens.: In a carnival atmosphere, horse-racing; and a theater with feminine roles were introduced to strait-laced keepers of the Faith. Microphones and loud-speakers were employed in addressing distinguished: guests and foreign diplomats in a gay' marquee, from which government stu dents were sent merrily away for stud ies in Turkey. On a large wall map the itinerary of King Amanullah and Queen Souriya was traced. On each seat was a printed text of the foreign contracts and agree ments which the leader of the new Afghanistan had signed—a striking case of political cards on the table, of open covenants in every chair. Films picturing the flattering Euro pean receptions for the Afghan royal ty were shown. Evidently there were older bits, for the French professor who described this amazing period in Kabul life in 1928 complained that Parisian women were pictured in too large hats and too long skirts. Soon after the triumphal return of the prodigal king, opposition appeared. Conservatives resented the higher taxes which widespread reforms would entail. Mullahs and mosque attend ants objected to having their govern- ernment allowances stopped. The rap id tempo of modernization brought con fusion and resentment, as did the change of religious holiday from Fri day to Thursday. The fact that a for eign-style coat was made of honest Afghan cloth did not mollify the self- conscious tribal delegates, who retali- j ated by accusing Amanullah of being j negligent about his prayers. When ! royal reforms threatened the tribal or- I der, the Shinwaris rose in revolt. I I Scenes in Kabul. | Present-day Kabul is as interesting for its scenes of native life as for Its new political policies. In Kabul, hatters stuff cotton or pa per into top and side welts of gaudy skullcaps, while tailors fashion equal ly flashy vests. Menders of chinaware or even of lemonade glasses bore tiny holes in the pieces and fasten them to gether with soft copper brads, ham mered in. / Shopkeepers sit amid their stock and scoop away a few dried peas or a bit of sugar or flour from neat cones of foodstuffs. .Jewelers set large stones like rubies into wide silver bracelets with projecting points like those on dog collars. Caged birds hang at many a shop door and the proprietors play with their beady-eyed sons while awaiting customers. From one end of the town to the other there are the makers of Afghan sundaes. \
