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h :eat- IS PUBLISHED • :oss <% BOOH\ P'ropi'iefcor'fs. . • A. H, MALI,, Associate Editor. . :- ill v '— '-. — Office in Frame Buildiiig,in rea,r of the ArmdA | Single copies-one year (in-advance). .$3,00, 5 Connected with tlieKe-UnionOfficeis a KRBT CLASS BOOK ABTp 3;OB OPfflCB newlyatocked throughout. BEVOTED TO THE IWTEKESTS OF THE UNION AND THT r.i™™™ * «^~^Z,„ ~ ^ W«x«n AND THE BEJOTOOKAOK, THE SUPPORT OJ? THE CONSTITUTION AND THE LAWS, Tot V, So. 21, WATERTOWN, N. Y., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1870, lew Series, ToL 1, Bo. 2+ B-PSHOBSiS PIRECfOBY M&r HUBBARD & WEIGHT, At- .torneys and Oosascuofs at Law. Office ovsfr jNo. 8 •Washington St., Watertown, N. Y. I. W. HDBBABO. ian23yl CHAS. B. WBI6HT. „_ • L. S; AINS WOJ&TH, Attorney ' snd Counaellor-at-Law, and United States Comsiis ! j aioher, Wat©fk>wii. _r $. NORTH, Attorney at Law, ,d Iacenserl-0. S. Claim Agent, prosecutes allclatmB against the Government, office over No. (3 ff ashMg- son Street, Watertown, K. Y. oc-Ktltf ierNATHAN \WHITINS- Attor- ney and Counsellor at Law, office No 14 Court street, Waijortown, Jefl. Oo„ H. T. \j^-WYNN & FOBTER, A-ttoi- Days and <S)oauaellors at Law. Office over Lyttle, Hantord'& Go's. Book Stove, No. 2 flfoshingtou St., Watertown, New York, • • -ISiKsrmn) B. TFSTRI, Jlyl8yl IfmBERP, FoK'jns. J^-HAUHONJ) & W1NSLOW, Attoraeysand Couneellors atLaw, Oilloe over No. 1 Washington Street, Watertown N. TJuly 25.0 |^f°H. W. CONG-DON, Attorney at ( Law, Watertown, H.T, octliiyl i JE&~ X>- O'BBIEN, Attorney ana -. Cottnoellor atLaw, Watertown, N. T. (Office over '•' Camp's Drug Store.) *iovl8tf : : j&- H. J. WlOLOil, Attorney and ,,;' CouaoeUor at Law. Office in the Walsh Block, i Carthage, F.Y. if Nov. 1.1809. novlly IHSOBELANEOUS. E. &. CLARK, City Bill Post-. Enquire at the Arcade sept 3utf [gpTL A. MEYER, Jeweler. All kinds of work done with neatness and dispatch. Work guaranteed. Corner Main & Depot street, Antwerp, SrW York. le))3tt. PBESIDEIT'S MESSAGE. or and Advertising Agent, Kestauranc. !^~H. a. D0DGE, 66 Court Street, All kinds of blacksmith work and carriage repairing done with neatness and dispatch. Charges roason- 1 -able. septSOyl EfSAMTJBL BALD, 66 Court Street, up stairs. All kinds of carriage making and repair- ing done with neatrieBB and dispatch. septSiiyl B^LOUIS EMMRIOH, G6 Court St., All kinds of Carriage Painting done in tho latest style. sept29yl |^°LEyi SMITH, Agent and Gom- misBion Dealer in Bather, CheeBe and Produce, No. 10 Court Street, (Basement Store.) Wateriown, N. *Y. October 20,1870. w4 w IIFOKBH. SEMPLE, (Late of New York City,) •ORNAMENTAL WINDOW SHADEAHD SIGNPAIN-TKR, Special Attention paid to Store Shade Painting. Plain and Ornamental Japanning-in all its branches. DECOKATIVK PAPEK HANGINQ TO OBDKH. No. 25, Factory Street, Watertown.N.Y * P. O. Box 53. mayl3tf ' HOTELS. White's Hotel. Uassena, S t. Lawrence C*., JK. T£. H. B. White Manager. Carriages t o ai* 8w»» t%« Springs free o •charge. n3t{ WAVJEKXY HOUSE, Corner Railroad Avenue ana State Street, -Koches- •tor. OBANSALL'& JONES, Proprietors. Jso. J. SAITOHS,. Olerk. ianlSvl Thomson House. On the American and European Plan; New honse and furniture. Best of Accommodations. Good Sample R'oms tor displaying goods. 67 and 69, JhTnfiR street. Rome. ' James street, Rome. auglltf Americas*. Hotel, WA TEB T 0 WN, JST. Y. A. M. HAltRIS.&-.SON, Proprietors. JLevi* House. O. S. LBYIS. Proprietor. CARTHAGE. JEFF. CO..N.Y. Ample accommodationB.-Good Stahlins- TheheEt Liquors and Cigars. OfOnrtbage, Oct, ft, 18fe\ si . Woodrwff JB ouse PUBLIC SflUAKB, (Adjoining Eailroad Depot,) Watertown, N. S\. GEO. A. BUCK. ) • p „„ r ,„ ; „ f „ „ •WM. li. SANBBB, \ \OPnetors. 6ept3 g fi Cro>vaer House. ' \WatertoflHia IV. Y. So. 62, Court Street; nearer to tho Conrt HouEe than any other hotel in the city. Charges always reasonable. Attached to thiB hotel are first class barns, and a soacinus stock yard, for the accomoda- tion of droTers and farmers. WILDER BKOTHERS, July28tf Proprietors. The Oakland House JAMES H. DAVENPORT, Proprietor, '•' Conrt Street, \Watertown N. Y. This honse has heen re-fitted and newly fur- nished throughout and has ample Stable ac- commodation. BSgTThe best of LiquorB and Cigars. \Watertown Sept. 39,1870. yl The Wew York House. HENDERSON, N- Y. I\ J. RA.MSDEL, Proprietor. This well known Hotel, until recently occupiedby Mr. Moody, having been purchased by the under- signed, hasiheen thoroughly overhauled and reflttod. and now possesses all the requisites of a well kept andweii ordered house. f=S'~ Goodff,iquors and Cigars; Henderson, Oct. 6,1870. ly WASHINGTON, Dec. 5. To the Senate and Some of Representatives: A year of peace and general prosperity to tliis nation has passed since the last as- sembling of Congress. We have, through a kind providence, been blessed with abundant crops, and have been spared: from complications of war with foreign nations. In our midst coniparatTie har- mony has been restored. It is t o be regretted, bowerer, that a free exercise of the elective franchise has, by violence and intimidatian, been denied to citizens i n exceptional cases in several of tlie States lately in rebellion, and tho verdict of the people has thereby been reversed. The states of Virginia, Mississippi and Texas have been restored to representa- tion, in our national councils, Georgia, the only state now without representation, may confidently be expected to take her place also at the beginning of the new year, and then let\ us hope will he j completed the work of reconstruction, with an acquiescence on the part of the whole people in the national obligation to pay the public debt created as the price of our union the pensions to QUT dis- abled soldiers and sailors and their wid- ows and orphans, and i n the changes to the constititution which have been made necessary by a great rebellion, There is no reason why we should not advance in ma- terial prosperity and happiness as no other nation ever did after so protracted and devastating a, war. Soon after the existing war broke out in Europe, the protection of the U. S. Min- ister in Paris was invoked in favor of the North G-ermans domiciled in French ter- ritory. Instructions were issued to grant t the protection. This has been followed j b y an extension of American protection t o citizens of Saxony, Hess.ee , Saxe-Cobourg Gotha, Columbia, Portugal, Uruguay, the. Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Chili, Par- aguay and Venezuela, and in Paris. The charge was an onerous one, requiring con- stant and severe la 1 , .', as well as the ex- ercise of patience, prudence and good judgment. It has been performed to the entire sat- isfaction of this Government, and as I am officially informed equally to the satisfac- tion of the Government of North Germa- ny. THE PEEUCH REPUBLIC. As soon as OE learned that a Republic had been proclaimed at Paris, and that the people of France had acquiesed in the change, the Minister of the United States was directed by telegraph to re- cognize it, and tender my congratulations and those of the people of ihe United States. _ „ The re-estublKhment in Prance of a system ot government disconnected with the dynastic traditions of Europe appear- ed t o be a proper subject for'the felicita- tions of Americans. Should the present struggle result in attaching tho hearts of the French t o our simple forms of repre- sentative government, it will be a subject of still further-satisfaction to our people. While we make iio effort to impose our institutions upon the inhabitants of other countries, and while we adhere to our traditional neutrality in civil contests elsewhere, we can not be indifferent to the spread of American political ideas in a great and highly civilized country like Prance. We were asked by the new government to use our good offices, jointly, with those of European Powers in the interests of peace. Answer-was made that the estab- lished policy, and the true interests of the United States, forbade them to interfere in European questions, jointly, with Euro- pean Powers. I ascertained—informally and unofficially—that the Government of North Germany was not then disposed to listen to such representations from any Powers; and though earnestly wishing to see the blessings of peace restored to the belligerents, with all of whom the United States are on terms of friendship, I -de- clined—on the part of this Government —to take a step wliich could only result in injury to our true interests, without ad- vancing the object for which our inter- vention was invoked. Should the time ccme when the action of the United States ean hasten the return of peace by a single hour, that action will be heartily taken. I deemed it pru- dent, in view of the number of persons of German and French birth living in the United States, t o issue, soon after official power in Cuba, and we were obliged to make our complaint at Madrid. In the negotiations thus opened, and still pending there, the United States only claimed that for the future the rights se- cured to their citizens by treaty should be inspected in Cuba, and that as to the past a joint tribunal should be established in the United States with full jurisdiction over all such claims, Before such an im- [ partial tribunal each claimant would be ' required to prove his case. On the - oth<?r hand Spain would be at liberty to trav- erse every material fact, and thus com- j plete equity would be done. . A case which at one time threatened seriously to affect the relations between the United States and Spain has already been disposed of in this way. The claim of the Col. Lloyd Aspiuwali for the illegal seizure and detention oi that vessel was referred to arbitration bj uiurtual consent, and has resulted in an award to the U. S. for the owners of the sum of §19,703.50 in gold. Another and long pending claim of like nature, that of the 'whale ship Canada, has been disposed of by friendly arbitrament during the present year, It was referred by the joint consent of Brazil and the United States to the deci- sion of Sir Edward Thornton,her Britannic Majesty's Minister at Washington, who kindly undertook the laborious task of examining the voluminous mass of oorrespondehee and testimony submitted by the two Governments, and awarded to the United States one hundred thousand seven hnndred and forty dollai s and nine cents in gold, which sum has since been paid by the Imperial Government. These recent examples show that the mode which the United States have proposed to Spain /for adjusting the pending claims is just and feasible, and that it may be agreed to by either nation without dis- honor. It is to be hoped that this moderate de- mand may be acceded t o by Spain with- out further delay. Should the pending negotiations unfortunately and unexpect- edly be without result, i t will then become my duty to communicate that fact to Congress and invite its action on the sub- ject. The long deferred peace conference between Spainaudlke allied South Ameri- can Republics, has been inaugurated in Washington, under the auspices of the United States. Pursuant t o the reeoiiimrndati«n con- tained in the resolution of the House of Representatives of the 17th of Dec, I860, the executive department of the Govern't offered its friendly offices for the promotion of peace and harmony between Spain and the allied Republics. Hesitation and obstacles occurred to the acceptance of the offer. Ultimately, however, a confer- glve remunerative wages to 100,000 labor- i Pembina within the territory ot the United ers not now upon the Island. Thus the ! States. Kirby House COUTM.' STREET, WatertowB, N. Y. JAOKMAN <fc PECK, Proprietors. *3!?.S. , «. h0 £ l ^tag recently .passed into the £J?„ n »?J» .l,^ 076 ? a ^ ed Parties, has undergone SSSSSlTS. t^Sf ta, !.' r 1* 10 the irnmishings and fittings !£ «H^ B»fSr.SS e S^ u » i^PWed and extend &J& rK2 8 i25 d i Sh ? ffi '* re erteuBWe and com- fcrtable. The Bar Is at all timea ntnoteul wltti ihn best of Liquors and Cigars «»«fla Wltn toe Watertown, Oct. 6, 1870. yl eit7on the^^of October last7 at' wlucS I authorized the Secretary of State to pre- side. It was attended by the ministers of Spain, Peru, Chili and Eucador. In consequence ot the absence of a rep- resentative from Bolivia, the Conference, was adjourned until the attendance of Plenipotentiary of that Republic could be secured, or other mensures could be adop- ted towards compassing its object.—The allied and other Republics of Spanish origin on this Continent may see in this fact a new proof of our sincere interest in their welfare, of our desire to see them blewed with good governments, capable of maintaining order and preserving their respective territorial integrity and of our sincere wish to extend our own eommer-, Hal and socialisations with them. The time is zsot probably far distant when in the natural course of events the European political connection with this Continent will cease. Our policy should be shaped in view of this probability so as t o ally the commercial iiteres-te of the Spanish American States more closely to our own and thus give the tnited States all the preeminence and all the advantage which Mr. Monroe, Mr. Adams and Mr. Clay con- templated when they proposed to join in the Congress of Panama SAN DOiru.go. During the last sc-ssiim oi congress, a treaty for tho annexations the Republic of Saa ; Boniingo to theVCnited States failed to receive the requisite two thirds vote of the Senate. I was ttoroughly con- vinced then that the best iibrests of this country, commercially and materially de- manded | its ratification. Ti&e has only confirmed me in this view. \ I now firmly believe that the moment it ip, known that the United States las entirely laborer will \take advantage of every available means of transportation to aban- don the adjacent islands, and seek the blessings of t'reedon, each inhabitant re- ceiving the reward, of his own labor.— Porto Rico and Cuba will have t o abolish slavery, as a measure of self-preservation to retain their laborers. San Domingo will beeorno a large consumer of the pro- ducts of Northern farmers and manufac- turers. The cheap rate at which her citi- zens can be furnished with food, tools and | machinery will make i t necessary that con- tiguous islands should have the same ad- vantages in order to compote with the productions of coffee, tobacco, tropical fruit, &c, and this will open t o us a wide market for our products. The production of our own supply of these articles will cut off more than one hundred millions of our annual imports, besides largely in- creasing our exports. With such a pic- ture, it i s easy to see how our large debt abroad i s ultimately to be extinguished. With a balance of trade against us, in- cluding the interest of bonds held by foreigners, and money shipment to our citizens traveling in foreign lands, equal to the entire yield of precious metal in this country, it i s not so easy to see how this result is t o be otherwise accomplish- ed. The acquisition of San Domingo is an adhesion to the Monroe doctrine; i t is a pleasure of national protection; it is as- serting the great conirCercial traffic soon to flow from the West t o tho East by way of the Isthmus of Daricn ; it is t o build up our miTolisnit marine; i t is t o furnish new markets for the products of our farms, sliopa and manufactories; it is to make slavery insupportable in Cuba and Porto Rico at oncej imd ultimately so in Brazil; it i s t o settle the unhappy condition of Cuba and end an exterminating conflict; it i s t o provide honest means of paying our honest debts without overtaxing the people; it is t o furnish our citizens with the necessaries of every day life at chea- per rates than ever before, and it is, in tine, a rapid stride toward that greatness which the intelligence, industry and en- terprise of the citizens of the United States entitle this country t o assume among na- tions. In view of the importance of this question, I earnestly urgo upon Congress early action expressive of its views as to the best means of acquiring Sail Domingo. My suggestion is that, by joint resolution of the two Houses of Corgress, the Executive be authorized to appoint a commission to negotiate for a treaty with the authorities ofSnn Domingo for the acquisition of that Island, and that an appropriation be made to defray the expenses of such commission. The question may be then determined by the action of tlie tjvo^Hquses of Coner^ss notice of a state of war had been received« ^ffA 0 ^!^^ °/ f^ U ^. a P arf c from both belligerents, a proclamation' f^ territory the Island of San D(Wo, defining the dutifs of tiie United States £ &e ^ ort ^ 5 e ^gotetea forby% 0 pei Jackman House. WATERTOWN, N. 7. E.W. Peterson, sncceisor to Geo. W Jones » now proprietor of this popular hotel. This nouse 1B in the most complete order, and the Mrns and premises throughout are furnished »tt a manner that will give satisfaction ro the traveling public. Business |men visitors and pleasure parties will DE accommo- dated with the best the market affords and on reasonable terms. The proprietor may be al- ways fonndat home, and pleased to see his lrien.*». BD . -#, PETERSON, „ d a Proprietor. +J,A - a —p^ges leave this honse tor all parts o f the counts ft „pis. %vi i country^ auglS.'eOyl as a neutral, and the obligations of per- sons residing within their territory to ob- •serve their laws and the'laws of nations. This proclamation was followed by oth- ers, as circumstances seemed to call for them. The people, thus acquainted in advance of their duties and obligations, •have assisted in preventing violations of 6ke neutrality of the United States. THE CUBA INSTJBKECTIOiT. •It is not understood that the condition: of the insurrection in Cuba has materially, changed since the close of the last session: ofCongress. hr an early stage of .the .contest the au- thorities of Spain inaugurated a system *f arbitrary arrests, of close confinement, and of military trial and execution of persons suspected of complicity with the insur- gents, and of summary embargo of their property, and sequestration of theix rev- enues by executive warrant. Such pro- ceedings, so far as they affected the per- sons or property of citizens of the United States, were i n violation of the provisions of the treaty of 1795, between the United States and Spain. Representations of injuries resulting to severaL persons claiming t o be citizens of the United States, by reason of such vio- lations were made to the Spanish Govern- ment, from April, 1869, to June last, as the Spanish minister at Washington had been clothed with a limited power to aid in redressing these wrongs. That power was found t o be withdrawn, in view, as it was said, of the favorable situation in which the Island of Cuba then was,which however did not lead to revocation or suspension of the extraordinary and arbi- trary functions exercised by the executive This information being communicated to the British Government, I was lecprested to consent, and did consent, that the Brit- ish occupation of the tort of the Hudson Bay Company should continue for the present. I deem it important, however, that this part of the boundary should be definitely fixed by a a joint commission of the two governments; and I subrt it herewith estimiites of the ex- pense of such a oomuiiosion on the part of the United States, and recommend tliir. an appropriation for that purpow? h? made. The land boundary has already Ivt.ii ns.nl , and marked from the summit of tho Kuiiy Mountains to the Georgian Eay. It should now be in like manner marked from the Lake of the \Woods to the summit of the Kocky Mountains. I regret to say that no conclusion hasbeen reached for the adjustment of the claims against Great Britain growing out of the course adopted by that Government during the late rebellion. The Cabinet of London, so far as its views have been expressed, does not ap- pear to be willing to concede that Her Majesty's Government was guilty of negli- gence, or did or permitted any act dull- ing the war by which the United States has just cause of complaint, Cur firm and unalterable sonvietions are directly the reverse. I therefore recommend to Congress to authorize the appointment of a Commission to take proof ol the amounts and the ownership of these claims on no- tice before the representative of her majesty at Washington, and that authority be given for the settlement of these claims by the United States so that tlie Govern- ment shall have the i.'wnt':.-hip of the pri- vate claims as well as '.ho re-p.m-ibli.- con- trol of all the demand--, atfidnst Groat Britain. It cannot be necessary tii add that whenevtr Her Majesty*s Government shall entertain a desire fur a full and friendly adjustment of those claims the United States will enter upon their con- sideration with an earnest desire for aeon- elusion consistent with the honor and dignity of both of nations. The course pursued by the Canadian authorities towards tlie fishermen of the United Stoles during the past season has not been marked by a friendly feeling. By the first article of the convention of IBIS, l«?twecn' Great Britain and the United States, it was agreed that the in- } habitants of the United States should have forever in common with the British subjects the right of taking fish i n certain waters therein defined, in the waters not included in the limits named i n the con- vention, within three miles of all parts of the. British coast. It 1ms been the custom for many years to give to intruding fisher- men of the United States a reasonable Warning Of thoh\ violation nf th» twhuwal i.cvJus ot wrear Britain. The Imperial mm et ' annexation,\ a s \a theil Government is understood to have delega- nations. In the Bay of Samana a la% com- mercial city will spring up, to which ^ e will \be tributary, without receiving correspd\dinj; benefits. The government of San DomWo has voluntarily sought this annexation. \ It is a weak power, numbering probably' less than 120,000 souls, and yet possessing one of the richest localities under the sun, ci? pable of supporting 10,0OO,0O0people i n luxu- ry. The people of San Domingo are not ca- pable of mamtaining themselves, in their present condition, and must look for outside support. They yearn for the protection of our free institutions and laws, our progress and civilization. Shall we .refuse them f The acquisition of San Domingo i s desira- ble, because of its geographical position It .commands the entrance t o the Oarribean sea and the Isthmus transit of commerce It possesses the richest soU, the best and most capacious harbors, the mosfcsalubrious climate and the most valuable produots of the forest xninesand-soilofanyof the West India Isl ands._ Its possession by the United States will, ma few years, build up a coastwise com- meree of immense magnitude which will so far toward restoring to us our test merchant marine. ^«»U.K It will give us those articles which we need greatly and do not produce, thus equalizing our exports and imports in case of foreign war it will giv/ us co ^ mand of all the Islands teWed to, and this will prevent an enemy from a4ln possessing hmself of renizZZ irC S U + r *\*& i\P r< f at our coast trade between the States bordering on the At- Me\ S°the^ erillS ° n «S» S3f i Mexico, is by the Bahama and the Antil- les; twice we must, as it were C? g thro foreign countries t o (mt ft™? «„! • ? the westcoast f of M& & Zn%S£ with a stable goverment, under wluoh fer immense resources can be cKp ec t\i!i case of the acquisition of Texas! So con- vinced am I of a-1 the advantages to flow from tlie acquisition of San Domingo, and of-the great disadvantages (I might almost say calamities) ta flow from non-acquisi- tion, that I believe the subject has only tc >be investigated to be approved. MEXICO A2\D CENTBAL AMERfOA. It is t o be regretted that our represen- ictions in regard to'the injurious effects, •especially upon the revenue of the United States, of the, policy of the Mexican gov- ernment in exempting from import duties a large part of its territory en -our bor- ders) have not only been fruitless, but that it is even proposed in Mexico to extend the limits within which the privilege adverted to has hitherto been enjoyed. Tlie expediency of looking into this demands serious consideration. The proper means fur countervailing the policy referred to will, it is-presumed, engage your earnest attention. It is the obvi- ous iaterestyespecially of neighboriagnations, to pwide against immunity to those who havecoinmittod high crimes within their bor- ders.and who may have sought refuge abroad. For iiis purpose extradition treaties have beenconolmM with several of tho Central Ame'icsm Republics, and trthors are in pro- gress, * _, Tifi sense of Congress is desired as early as nity b e convenient upon the proceedings of th) cormlfission of claim. 1 - |agaiEeiVenezeula as oopmunieated in my messages of March 4, 18G9,'Mai-ch\, 1870 and March 31, 1870. It aas not heen deemed advisable to dis- tribu'ie any of Uhe money which has been re- ceivei from tint government until Congress shall have actld upon the subject. The massacres of tie French and Russian r/si- dents.at Tien Taen, under cironmstnneos of great barbarity, i were supposed by sonio to have been premeSited and to indicate a/pur- pose itmong the Chinese to extemu'naKs for- eigners in that empire. The evidence fails to establish such a supposition, bntihows a complicity by the local authoritie/and the contravention of the spirit, i f not of the letter of the treaty, for the faithful execu- tion of which the Imperial government m alone responsible. _ Anticipating that an attempt may pos- sibly be made by the Canadian authorit- ies iu the entiling season to repeat their - unneighborlv act towards our fishermen,. 1 recommended you to confer upon. the. Executive the power to suspend by pro- clamation the operation' of the laws au- thorizing the transit of goods, wares, and merchandise in bonds across the territory\ of the United States to Canada, and furth- er, should such an extreme measure be-r come necessary, t o suspend the operation: of any laws whereby the vessels of the: Dominion of Canada are permitted t o ea- ter the waters of the United. States. NAVIGATION OF THIS ST. LAWRENCE.. A like unfriendly disposition has been, niauiiested on the part of Canada in the; maintenance of a claim of the right to ex- clude the citizens of the United States from the navigation of the St. Lawrence^ This river constitutes a natural outlet to the ocean for eight States, with an sgare- gate population of about 17,600,000 i ahab- iiaut.s. and with :tn aggregate tonnage of 0ijl,oi..r ;•... i ;.ci, t!u \.-.;ers which dis- chuiyc in'.n n. 'flu i> -.. .gn commerce of <.i:i- ports, on i!,i,,- -,i;.-t ,.- L 0|K*r. to Cana- dian eompoticii.ii. :i;;J I'IIS major purt of itis done ir. ihfte tjott; ;as. if the Am- erican seamen be exelu red from tliis as-- tural avenue to the ocean, tlto monopoly of the dire, t (.\luN.eree of the iake porter with the AUiititic wouid be in foieign. bands their vessels off on trans-At!antic- voyages having an access t o our lake porfca-- which would be denied to American vessels, - o:: similar voyages. To state such a- ptojtj position i i to refute its justice. During\ the administration of Mr. John CJuincy Adam.-;, Mr. C ;jy unquestionably demon- strated the natural right of the United. States to tlie navigation of the river,, claiming thai the act of the Congress of Vienna in upening the Rhine and other rivers to all nations showed the judgment of European jurists and statesmen, that the: inhabitants of a count r \ through which a navig.Ale mer passv^ l.uve a natuu! righiu to etij'iy the navigation of that river So • and into the sea, eve.i though passing • through the territory oC another power,. TIIH right d: os no'„ exolude the co-equal right of the sovereign, possessing the ter- ritory thr-jttgh which the river debouches into the sea, to make such icguUifcioiis re- lating t o the policy of tho navigation as inn;\v reasonably necessary, but tt.'isere- guUitions should be framed in the liberal spirit <>i i.miity, and should not impose needle?.-, burdens upon the conunerce- whMi ha.ith.> right of transit. It. has- been found in prat ice more advantageous to arrange these regulations by u.utual agreeiinr.t. The United States arc ready make any reasonable arrangement, us to the police of the St. Lawrence, wh'.li may be suggested by Great Britain. TREAT* rilECEuBNTS. mob. / The Government at Pekin/however. setmf to have been disposed if fulfil its treat/ obligations, so far as it was able t o do so. ', i UiuorfunftWy the news of th/war between the firman States and Pran/e reached Ohi na s«in after tho massacre. At would appear thatflie popular mindbecai/e possessed with the doa that the contest extending to Chi- nesi waters would neutralize the christian infljfehce and pow er, and that the time was coniing when the superstitious mass might extel Si foreigners aiid restore mandarin in- fhi<mce, Antiapatiug trouble from this •causi. I inviixftl France and North Germany to m ke a n authorized suspension of hostili- ties u the east, where they were temporarily susptnded by act of the commanders, and to act together for the future protection in Chi- na of the lives and property of Americans ami Kuvopeans. Since the adjournment of Congress, the ratification of a treaty with Great Britain j for abolishing tho mixed courts for the sup-1 pression of the slave trade has been exchan- ged. It i s believed that the slave trade is now confined to the eastern coast of Africa, whence the slaves are taken to Arabian mar- kets. The ratifications of the naturalization convention between Great Britain and the United States have also boon exchanged du- ring the recess, and thus a long standing dis- pute between the two governments has been settled in accordance with the prinoiples al- ways contended for by tho United States. In April last, while engaged i n locating a military reservation near Pombina, a corps of engineers diseovnred that the commonly re- ceive-1 bonndarv line between the Un. States and British possessions at that place is about forty-seven hundred feet south of the true position of the It'th parallel, and that the line, when run on what is now supposed (o bo the true position of Hint parallel, would leave the fort of the Hudson's Bay company at | ted the whole, or a share, of its jurisdic- tion, or control, of these in-shore fishery grounds to the Coleukl authority, known as the Dominion of Canada; and this semi-independent .but irrepressible agent- has exercised its delegated powers in an unfriendly way. Vessels have been seized without notice ov warning, in violation of the custom previously prevailing, and have been taken into the* CiilonM'pirt*, their voyages broken up, and their vessels condemned. There i s reason to believe that this un- fortunate and lexutioiis lre.iU,e:tt vv-i> de- signed to bear heavily upon the hardy fishermen of the United States with;. view to political effect upon this government. Tho statutes of the Dominion of Camilla assume a still broader cuntioi over the vessels of the United States. Tln-y au- thorize officers or persons discovering ves- sels fishing within three miles of the t-'.»as*-», bays, creeks, or harbors of Canada to t.i';e them into port, to search the cargo, lo examine the master on oath touching the cargo, <fcc, aud to inflict on hilr, a heavy pecuniary penalty if true answere are not given, and if such a vessel is found pre- paring t o f sh within three marine miles of any of such coasts, bays, crooks or h iv- bors, without a license, or after the expi- ration of the period named in the lust license granted it, tiny provide that the vessel with her tackling, &o., &c. shall be forfeited. It is not known that any con- demnations have been made under this statute. Should the authorities of Cana- da attempt to enforce it.it will become my duty to take such steps as may be nec- essary to protect the rights of the citizens of tho United States. It has been claimed by Her Majesty's officers that the fishery vessels of the United States have no right to enter the open ports of the British Possessions i n North America, except for the purpose of shelter, repairing damages and making purchases; that they have no right to outer at the British custom house or to trade, except the purchase of wood and water, and that they must de- part within twenty-four hours after notice to leave. It is not known that any seiz- ure of fishing vessels carrying the flag of the United States has been made under this claim. So far as the claim is founded on the alleged construction of the con- vention of 1818, it cannot be acquiesced in by the United States. It is hoped that it will not be insisted on by Her Majesty's government. During the conferences which preceded the negotiation of the Convention of 1818, the Britith Commis- sioners proposed to expressly exclude the fishermen of the United States from the privilege of carrying on trade with any of His Britannic Majesty's subjects residing within the limits set apart for their use, a-nA nlcn +I10* it- „1,^,1,1 „„* l.~ lawful for If the claim made by Mr. Chi.v wore just when the population of State* bor- derir.ir on tho shores of tlie lakes was only 3,400,1)01). it now derives a greater lorce of equity lrotu tlie increased population, wealth, production and tonnage of the State* on the Canadian frontier. Since Mr. Cliy advanced his argument iu behalf of our right, the principle for which he contended has been frequently and by various nations lecognized by law, or by tre-i'y has boon extended to several othef great rivers. By the treaty concluded afc Mayence in 18ol, the Rhine was declared free from the point where i t i s first navi- gable into the sea. By the convention 1 , between Spain and Portugal, concluded. in ISS-I, the navigation of the I'auro* throughout its whole extent, was made: free for the subjects i f both cronn-.. In; I8S0, the Argentine Confederation, by treaty, threw open the free navigation of\ the P:ir\*ri :ind I'-igu iy t o the nie.K-hanfc vessels of all nations. In 1856 the Cri- mean war was closed by a treaty which provided 1'ir tie; lie- n-ivigation of the . an.11 be. In 1858, Bolivia, by treaty, dc- cl-tred that it regarded the rivers Amazon and I/i Plata, in aorordirn.' witb fixed principles of natmn.i! law, as highways or channels, opened by nature for the com- merce of al! nations. In 18.t:? the Para-i gitay wasnrole free by troity, and in De- cember, lytltj, the Empc:or of Brazil, by imperii! diorce, docl.rcd the AuiaKort 11 pea to all the frontier of Brazil tu tha iiuwhmt si.ip.s o f all nations. Tho grcoi* i-st living Batish. authority on this ;;:ib- joet, while :'-i.-orting the abstract right of the British il.rim, says it seems dftn'miifc 1-1 ileny that t5teat Britain may giotind her renis-i: uno:; strict law, but it i s equal-- ,;, il .iii-ul' to duly, fi.s!, ih.it in so doing, she exercises harshly na extreme and hard law; secondly, that her conduct with res- pect to the navigation of the St. Lawrence, i.s in glaring and discreditable ineonsis- tom-y with h.ir conduct with respect to fin- navigation of the Mississippi, on the ground that she possessed a small domain in which tin' Mississippi river took its rise. She insisted on this right to navi- gate the entire volume of its waters on the ground that she possessed both banks of the St. Lawrence, where it discharges itself into the sea. She denies to the United States the right of navigation, though about one-half of the waters of lakes o.-itario. Brie, Huron and Superior, and the w!, which the ri e of die Michigan,\ from or fiV.i., are the property of the United States. The whole nation is interested in securing cheap transporta- tion from the agricultural States of the West, to the Athintk sea-boaid. To the citizens of those Slatts, it secures a great- er return for their labor; to the inhabi- tants of the sea-board, it offers cheaper food, and to the natfjn an increase in the annual surplus of wealth. It is hoped that the government of Great Britain will see the justice of abandoning the narrow and inconsistent claim to which laer Canadian provinces have urged her adher- ence. OOMMEBOE 01' THE OCEAN. Our depressed commerce is a subject to which I called your special attention at the> last session. I suggested that we will in the> future have to look more to the countries'. , „ .. „ ., , 0 . . - --: 1 south of us, and to China and Japan for its the vessels of the United States engaged I rov ival. rt ---— ' •• ' and also that it should * not be the vessels of th in such fisheries to have on board any goods, wares or merchandise whatever except such as may be necessary for the prosecution of their voyage to and from said fishing ground, and any vessel of the United States which shall contravene this regulation may be seized, condemned and confiscated with her cargo. This propo- sition, which is identical with the con- struction now put upon the language of the convention, was emphatically rejected by the American Commissioner, and there- upon was abandoned by the British pleni- potentiaries, and article 1 as it stands in the convention, was substituted. If how ever, it is said that this claim is founded on provincial or colonial statutes, and not upon the convention, this government can- not but regard them as unfriendly, and in Our representatives to those gov- ernments have exerted their influence to en- courage trade between these governments- and the United States, and the countries to which they are accredited, but the fact ex- ists that the'earrying is done almost entirely* in foreign bottoms; and while this state of things exist we cannot control our due share of the comerce of the world. That be- • tween the Paofiio States and China and Jap- an is about all the carrying trade now con- ducted ia American vessels. I would recom- mend a liberal policy towards that lino of American steamers that will secure its. sue-* cess and increased usefulness. The cost ot' building iron Vessels (the only ones that cai», compete with foreign ships in the carrying trade) is so muoh greater i n the United States than in foreign countries, that without soma assistance from the Government they coa-<- [Concluded on Eighth Page.]
