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►AGE SIX CATTARAUGUS REPUBLICAN, WEDNESDAY, DEC. 2 8 , 1938 B U F F A L O F O O D S T R I K E E N D E D IN A G R E E M E N T I ^Terminal porkers Win Pay Hike to Offset Shorter Day—Truck ers Again Move Yule- tide Cargoes Buffalo, Dec. 22 (IP )—A strike which paralyzed food deliveries in New York’s second largest city for two days ended last night when 600 warehouse and produce workers vot ed to return to work. Members of the W arehouse and Prdduce W orkers Local 558, a unit of the A. F. L. affiliated International Teamsters, voted to accept an agree m ent drawn up at a conference yes terday by their representatives and the Food Industry of W estern New York. C losed Shop G ranted Edward F. Murphy of Cleveland, vice president of the International Teamsters, explained the agreem ent will be in effect until April 1. 1940, and included a closed shop, seniority rights and pay increases as follows: W arehouse w o rkers: A five c e n t in crease f o r those getting 52 Vs cents an hour increase f o r those in each brack et up to 65 cents a n hour. Produce w orkers: Maintenance of tlnj same weekly wage as was in force before the Federal W age and Hour Law w ent into effect by increasing ea'h wage bracket two and one-half cents a n hour up to 65 cents and pro viding two and one-half hours over time each week. The warehouse workers were guar anteed a 40 hour week, Murphy said. A fkw minor details in the agreem ent will be worked out in conferences ifte r the f ir s t of the year. Pickets were withdrawn from all food terminals immediately after the Tote accepting. Both employers and union men im m ediately launched plans to start moving the huge supplies of Yuletide produce and poultry which were tied up in the city’s main food terminals, the N iagara Frontier Terminal and Elk M arket. N o V iolen c e D u r ing Strike No violence marked the two day blockade by pickets a t the height of the Christmas seasor but at Dunkirk, yesterday Police Chief John J. W a r ren and a squad of police stood guard while non-union truckers unloaded ■produce from a Buffalo terminal. W arren said the drivers claimed five union pickets followed them in a car and attempted to force their trucks off the. road. Police Lieutenant Alfred J. Send- kei* said 26 truckloads of produce w ent out from the huge Niagara F ron tier Food Terminal, which had been picketed since the strike began. The other terminal affected was the Elk Market. The strike was directed particular ly against three chain store companies which operate in Buffalo. The produce workers struck m an effort to obtain a wage increase which would make their pay for a 44- hour week and the same received for 48 hours work before the Federal W age and Hour Law became effec tive. Revival of Milk Plant Discussed in Village Ellicottville, Dec. 27— Ways and means of keeping milk produced in this section from flowing out of this community into nearby milk plants were discussed by the Calumet Club a t the local organization’s annual meeting. It was pointed out by club mem bers that the Borden company has been engaged in removing manufac turing equipment and machinery from the condensory here which at one tim e employed 90 men and wo men. A large amount of Ellicottville milk is being trucked to plants in Cat taraugus, Steamburg and other near by points. It was cited at the meetng that a thriving operating and m anufactur ing milk plant not only furnishes ad ditional employment in a community but means considerable business to local storekeepers who depend pri marily on the farm ers’ trade. Unless ihe Borden company stops milk from »oing out o f this community, club members believe the salvation of this tillage as a milk center depends on lecuring another milk plant th a t will lold the milk here. BUFFALO BOY KILLED BY CAR AS PARENTS SET OUT FOR TREE Buffalo, ’Dec. 24 (IP) — A s Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Smigera left their house yesterday to buy a Christmas tree, their fohr-year-old son Donald halted in play across the street and ran toward them. Halfway across the street the child was killed by an auto mobile. • Q U A R R E L E N D S IN F A T A L S T A B Pennsy to Rebuild Shops at Oil City Oil City, Pa., Deer 22—-Good news cam e to Oil City today from the Pennsylvania Railroad offices, follow ing Tuesday’s roundhouse fire. F. D. Davis, general superintendent, Buf falo, announced plans fo r construc tion o f a modern engine house and shops a t cost of §200,00.0. In addi tion to 35 m en regularly employed, 09 furloughed railroaders will be re ddled to push the work. The fire spread so rapidly through oil-ioaked timbers that firemen were helpless to save the building or six •■fines.' Estimates by railroad heads pet the loss at more than §250,000. Farmer at Findley Lake Killed when Partner Disputes Division of Monthly Milk Check Jamestown, Dec. 24— In a quarrel over the division of a milk check, George Bohigian, 45-year-old Armen ian farm e r, was stabbed to death about 7:30 o’clock Friday night on the farm he operates in partnership with Hachig Simonian west of Find ley Lake. Simonian, 64, was held today as the alleged m u rderer. George Simonian, brother of the m an in custody, probably will be de tained by sheriff’s officers as a ma terial witness. Bohigian, his wife and their four children together with a hired man, Mike Kashmonian, 43, lived on the upper floor of the farm house. Si monian and his brother, both bache lors, occupied the first floor. All are Armenians. Simonian, owner of the farm , and Bohigian had been operating the farm ton shares since last April when the Bohigian- family moved from Erie, Pa., to the farm . The livestock consisted of a herd of about 30 milch cow’s from which the main income was derived. I t was the custom of the two men to split the milk check which was received monthly. According to the sheriff’s depart ment, a milk check arrived yesterday end had it been split would have amounted to about $57 for each man. However, it was reported, Simon- ian told Bohigian th a t the whole check had been used to pay taxes on the property and that Bohigian’s share of the check would amount to his share of the taxes. Officials say that Bohigian apparently did not be lieve th a t Simonian had paid the tax es and an argum ent ensued which grew from words into a fight. I t was during this fight th a t Sim onian allegedly picked up the knifdl a metal handled affair with a sharpy point, and plunged it into Bohigian’s heart. In the room at the time of the ar gument, say the county officers, were Bohigian’s twTo older sons, Lee, aged 16, and Lloyd, aged 14, as well as Simonian’s b r o th e r,. George, and the hired man, Mike. — ---- - — tv --------- Youth Bests i Average’ Farmer in Spare Time Newfane, N. Y„ Dec. 24 (/P) — A better-than-average young farm e r is Robert D. Aiken, 17-year-old 4-H club member, who earned, a gross re tu r n of $482 on a half-acre garden patch here last summer. In fact, says Niagara county 4-H leader John L. Stookey, young Aik en’s record compares favorably with any in the state. Cost-accounts sta tistics compiled by the State College of Agriculture rate a farm er above average who earned more than a dol lar a day for his labor and manage ment last year. The statistics, moreover, are based on 12 months’ activities, while Aiken Worked only a few7 weeks during sum m er and fall. He listed expenses at $28.90, including his own labor hours. From the garden he harvested 225 bushels of melons and 275 bushels of carrots. Allegany Supervisors Ask Better State Roads Belmont, Dec. 22 (IP )— T he Alle gany county board of supervisors has asked New York’s governor and legis lature to provide “sufficient funds” for a “safer system of state high-, ways.” In a resolution unanimously adop ted the board asks state officials to “see to i t th a t sufficient funds a re ap propriated for the proper construc tion, reconstruction and maintenance of a safer and more convenient state system highways.” The* resolution added that insuffi cient funds had been made available -in the past, so th a t “the safety and convenience of nearly every person in the state, as a highway user, is menaced thereby.” Randolph Woman D ies Randolph, Dec. 23.-—Mrs.' Lyda H. Carter, a native of Randolph, died Thursday morning a t her home in Washington street, aged 69 years. She is survived by a son, William Al exander, Flint, Mich.; two grandsons, Rodney and Richard Alexander, both of Flint, Mich.; one sister, Mrs, Ber tha Parks, with whom she made her home, and two brothers, F rank Hi!- dum of W arren and Charles Hil- dum, Randolph, The funeral will be held privately Saturday a t 2 p. m. from the Myer3 & Myers funeral home, M U R P H Y B U Y S T I M B E R T R A C T Ellicottville Pur chases 10,000 - Acre Woodlot in McKean County for $400,000 Ellicottville, Dec. 22— The largest tim ber deal in many years in this sec tion was effected when M. Murphy & Son, m anufacturers of shoe last blocks and bowling pins, purchased from the Arm strong Forest company of JoWtisonburg, Pa., 10,188 acres of standing timber, most of which has never been cut over, and which was estimated eight years ago to contain more than 13,000,000 feet of hard maple. The tract, which is all in one piece, is located in McKean county, 15 miles ! south of Bi*adford. The consideration is said to be ap proximately $400,000. The tract is the last large piece of virgip hardwood tim b er rem aining in the W estern New York and N o rth ern Pennsylvania area. Mr. Murphy believes there is enough tim b er in it to lengthen the life of the last block business here six years. For a numbeV of years it has been a m a tter of conjecture how long Elli- cottville’s* last block mills could keep on obtaining sufficient hardwood maple a t a cost which would not be prohibitive. It is understood that about three million f e e t will be taken out of the new purchase each year and all of it will be brought here by trucks. C o n tract to A llegan y Firm E. W. Potter & Son of Allegany have been-aw arded the contract of cutting, skidding and removing the timber. They will build roads into the deep forest, starting work at once. The Arm strong Forest company, which is connected with the Curtiss Publishing Company, is primarily in terested in pulp wood for paper-mak ing purposes. They had no use for the giant hard maple, and as the maple had “started to go back,” they decid ed to sell it before it deteriorated, further. In the half century that Michael Murphy has been connected with the lumbering, mill and last block indus try, this ti’act of timber is the largest he has ever purchased at one time. Recently, he and his son, William C. Murphy, who is associated with his father in the Ellicottville firm , also purchased some 1,300 acres of hard wood from the United States govern ment, located near the McKean coun t tract. Mo-i of this hard maple will go into the m anufacture of rough turn ed la.~t blocks, but a large amount will be used for the m anufacture of rough turned bowling-pins. Winter Sports Site Open at Jamestown Jamestown, Dec. 23,— Announce m ent was made a t the m eeting of the Recreational Council of Jamestown held in the Chamber of Commerce building last night th a t Snow Moun tain, w inter sports site, on Buffalo street extension, is in fine condition. The snows of the past few days have laid a fine setting for enthusiasts. In order to defray the expenses of the site, buttons for the 1938-1939 season are now being sold at Snow M ountain and by members of the council. The $1 fee entitles the wear er of a button to use the mountain for the entire season. All money tak en in f o r the buttons is used entirely for improving the facilities for the w inter sport. POTTER COUNTY GAS WELL M A Y OPEN NEW POOL Oil City, Pa., Dec. 28 (£>) — The Oil City Derrick, reporting the bring ing in of a wildcat gas well in Potter County, about 7 1-2 miles west and slightly south of the State Line gas field in New York, said this “probab ly” m eant the opening of a new Oris- kany Sand gas field. The well, sunk 4,733 feet by the Belmont Quadrangle Drilling Com pany of Bolivar, N. Y., on the R. M. W olcott Farm, Sharon Township, showed a flow of 17,000,000 cubic feet a day. The Derrick said if the well means a new pool, it will be the second in the New York-Pennsylvania area dis covered this year. The other was the Beach Hill Field in W illing township, Allegany County, New York. The newspaper predicted th a t since four companies own m o st of the land about the new field more study would be given to controlling produc tion than was true in tbe Woodhull Field in Steuben County, Ne\v York, where pressure was cut by the rapid sinking early last year of numerous wells. “BOUNCING BED” BAFFLES PROFESSORS Curious neighbors g a t h e r around nine-year-old B e r tha. M a rie S y b c r i in her “ b o u n c ing bed” to w a tch the m y sterious gyration s w h ich have intrigued resid e n ts o f this sou th w e s t V irgin ia m o u n tain com. m u n ity o f Jonesvitte and baffled tw o U n iv e r s it y o f T e n n e s s e e professors. M rs. R o b e r t Sybert B e r th a ’s m o ther attrib u tes th e phenom e n o n to “ w itch e r y ” but the professors say “really peculiar’ and, fo r th e presen t, l e t it go at that. D I A L P H O N E S IN E L L I C O T T V I L L E Two Youths Rescued After Ice Gives Way On Chautauqua Lake Jamestown, Dec. 27.— Two Chau tauqua youths today were recovering from an icy bath in Chautauqua Lake, suffered Monday when their ice boat broke through inch-thick ice at Magnolia Springs. Arthur Whitney, 24, and Wallace Cole, 18, the young men, had been in the w a ter almost an hour and a half before a rescue party could reach them, a mile out from shore. The rescuers included George Kranking and his brother, Lawrence, Milton Tefft and Palmer Bates. W hitney and Cole clung to their half-sunk ice boat when the ice gave way while they were sailing over the fifty-foot deep channel. It was half an hour after the accident occurred Olean, Dec. 27.— John Matylas. 1 9 ,1 before the predicam ent of the younfe of Bolivar, still lay unconscious to- J men was discovered. Rescuers, handicapped by thin ice, Bolivar Youth Hurt In Head-on Crash day more than 36 hours after he had been adm itted to M ountain Clinic, following an early Christmas morning accident near Portville. Dr. Lawrence M. H ackett who is attending the youth, reported th a t x-ray pictures taken Monday after noon show th a t his skull was frac tured by the force of the impact when his light car struck a heavy oil truck almost head-on. Dr. H ackett said that the pictures revealed a con dition favorable for recovery, al though he regarded M atylas’ condi tion as serious. were forced to work slowly in their efforts to reach the youths. George-Holbrook Ellicottville, Dec. 27— Miss Doro thy Jeanette Holbrook, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Constant B. Holbrook j of Otto, and H a rry W. George, Jr., son of H a rry W. George of Kenmore, were m arried Saturday noon a t the home of the bride with Rev. William T. Dunstan of the Congregational church perform ing the nuptials. They were attended by Mr. and Mrs. Howard D. W hitmore of Little Valley, the latter a sister of the bride. The bride wore a blue velvet gown with a face veil of the same color and a silver tiara. She also wore an orchid corsage. The m atron of honor was a ttired in an American Beauty velvet gown and a silver sequin tiara, with a gardenia corsage. Following the ceremony, the bridal party motored to Cattaraugus where a wedding dinner was served at Luce’s Tea Room, with covers for 32. A fter a wedding trip, Mr. and Mrs. George will be a t home after the first of the year at 10 F o rt street, Au burn. The bride form erly taught in Olean and a t present is teaching in the Theodore Roosevelt school in Kenmore. Mr. George is a sales rep resentative for the Abbott Labora tories. Fred Gates, Former Owner of Steamburg 'Phone System, Dies Fred Gates of St. Cloud, Fla., for merly of Steamburg, died Tuesday night, relatives here are advised. He was 70 years old. Mr. Gates, a native of Steamburg, form erly owned the Steam burg telephone system, which lire sold several years ago. He had lived in Florida the past five years. Survivors are his widow; one sis ter, Mrs. E rnest Bartholomew of Quaker Bridge, and three brothers, Lyle Gates of Salamanca, Ora of Corydon and Sid of Steamburg. The funeral will be Saturday in Oxford, O., Mrs. Gates’ form er home. Auto Skids into Train . Olean, Dec. 23.—Fred Rachipk, Shinglehouse, Pa., escaped injury, but his automobile was damaged con siderably, when the machine r a n into an E rie railroad train on a N o rth End crossing Thursday, according to police report. Eachiek tried to stop his car on approaching the crossing* according to report, but the pave m e n t w as slippery and the machine skidded into the train. Mrs. Hannah Higie Dies at Bradford, Mrs. Hannah Higie, 64, died a t her home, 15 Pike street, Bradford, Monday night after having been ill two years. Form erly Miss Hannah Cantillon, she was born in Perrysburg and was a cousin o f a num ber of Salamanca residents, including Mrs. H a rry Lanning, James M cFarland, Mrs. M argaret Cavanagh, Miss Lor- rettp, Quinn and Mrs. Harold H. Boardman. Besides her husband, W. H. Higie, she leaves two sons, Paul and James Higie of B radford; five sisters, Misses Katherine and Elizabeth Cantillon of Perrysburg and Mrs. Julia Kearns and the Misses Ellen and M ary Can tillon of Buffalo.; three brothers, Patrick Cantillon of Perrysburg, Wil liam Cantillon of Conneaut, O., and Thomas Cantillon of Cleveland. . The funeral will be Thursday a t 8.30 from the home and a t 9 from St. B e rnard’s church, with bui’ial in » * St. Bernard’s cemetery. < v - - - - - - - - - - Mother of Charles Bergman Dies Jamestown, Dec, 22 — Mrs. Hilda Bergman, wife of Charles Bergman, died Tuesday night* aged 89. She al so leaves two sons, Charles of 382 E a s t Race s treet, Salamanca, and J u l ius of Jam estown; and one daughter, Mrs, Gust Peterson of Jamestown. Mr. and Mrs. Bergman celebrated their 65th wedding anniversary last October I l t h . OperatorsTransferred as Service Made Auto matic—Changes Made Without Interruption Ellicottville, Dec.- 23.— This village received a Christmas present from the New York Telephone Company— a dial telephone system. The change in the Ellicottville central was made Tuesday, -with no interruption in service. Ju r t how it j was received can best be attested by the fact th a t 668 calls were put I through the first hour, with patrons curious to find out if they could twist the dial properly. Transmission and reception are clearer and stronger over the new system than with the old. The dial phones themselves are the latest, square-based, French type, heavy in struments, developed by the New York Telephone Company. One drawback patrons saw was th a t they won’t be able to ring “ cen tra l ” and ask the operator on duty what time it is or where the fire is or a few other questions. The system naturally does away with the local telephone exchange. However, M bs Josephine Connors, chief o p e r a to r \ of the local office, who has served in that capacity a number of years, has been trans ferred to the Orchard Park office. Her sister, Miss Eleanor Connors, who has been her assistant, has been sent to the Ebenezer office. Miss Mar garet Connors, who has been acting as relief and night-operator the past :ew months, and Miss Beatrice Ma::- nen, another relief operator, have not received any transfer appoint m e n ts as yet. For a number of years the Elli cottville telephone exchange occupied the rooms over The Post newspaper plant. A small brick building to house the necessary dial machinery and apparatus was built this sum m er on the Hughey alley by Con tractor E fner S. Williams. The build ing is heated electrically, controlled by a therm o stat, which will keep the room and its machinery a t an even working tem p erature day and night. The dial apparatus works autom atic ally so th a t it is n o t necessai-y to have any operator in attendance. Farmer Seeking $85, Claims His Cow Died From Highway Spray Buffalo, Dec. 23.— C harging his Jersey cow died of the effects of a poisonous solution sprayed on the roadside by the county highway de partm e n t, a Holland resident has asked the Board of Supervisors to re imburse him for the loss. In a letter to the board, Jay Lew is of Center street estimated the value of the cow a t - $85. The com munication was referred to County A ttorney Paul J. Batt. Mr. Lewis said the animal became ill last August 28th and succumbed th a t night. The cow had grazed in the pasture safely fo r eight years, he concluded, but after the highway de partm e n t sprayed some weed and grass killer along the road, she ate some o f the foliage and -died. Former Great Valley Woman Dies in Buffalo Mrs. Mary Williams, aged 87, wid ow of B u rt Williams, who form erly lived in G reat Valley, died this morn ing in Buffalo following a brief ill ness. She is survived by two sisters, Mrs. Sara Maley and Miss E lla Murphy, both, of Ellicottville. The funeral will foe held from tbe hom e o f h e r sister, Miss E lla Muruhyv Nation's National Affairs in 1938 By e r i k M c K i n l e y e r i k s s o n Professor of History^ University of Southern California As the end of the year approaches interest is naturally centered on the prospects of the coming year. Never theless it presents a favorable op portunity for a glance over the twelve month period which is about to pass history. What have been the most im portant nation al velopmen ts during 1 9 3 8 ? What govern- ir.fnial acts of th e period a f country’s eco nomic life will be w o r thy of m e n tion w h e n the per manent history of the present era is w r itten? Heading the list is Jhe Pope-McGil! Farm A c t, passed in January, w h ich virtually reestablished federal con trol over agriculture on a compulsory basis in spite of the Supreme Court’s 1936 decision that such control is not permitted by the Constitution. Sig nificantly, in spite of this far-reach ing legislation, the year 1938 saw a definite decline in the status of the farmers who naturally blamed the New Deal for their condition. Their feelings were reflected in the elections of November and in the earlier pri maries which revealed a marked loss of New Deal strength. Incidentally both the senators who sponsored the 1938 Farm Act were eliminated from the Senate. Throughout the year the economic “ recession” which started in 1937 and which produced a sharper decline in business and industrial activity than that witnessed in any similar period of history, received much attention from the government. ,he New Deal ers, unwilling to adm it that their drastic program, designed to make America over according te their own pattern, had been chiefly responsible for the recession, sought with little success to convince the people that the decline was due to a “sit-down\ strike by business in an attem pt to injure the administration. Ignoring this silly charge, Congress sought to give some aid to harassed business by modifying the punitive taxes on capital gains and corpora tion surpluses. This the New Dealers strenuously opposed and, when the bill was passed, the President took the occasion to deliver a radio address , denouncing it though he did allow it to become a law without his signa ture. To the New Dealers the desir able procedure was to renew the pump-priming program, so sums to talling about five billion dollars was appropriated for loans, work relief, public works and so forth, in spite of the fact that the billions spent for pump-.priming from 1933 to 1937 had failed to produce anything more than an artificial prosperity and had f a iled to solve more than a fraction of the u n e m p loym e n t problem . When the Labor Standards Act, com m o n ly referred, to as th e w a g e s and hours law, was put into effect in October, the New Dealers were en titled to celebrate a notable victory. E v e r since the Supreme Court had invalidated the compulsory code system in 1935, they had sought to secure new legislal n to reestablish control over business and industry. Through the Wagner ~ abor Relations Act of 1935, the Guffy coal control acts of 1935 and 1937, the Robinson- Patman and Walsh-Healy acts of 1936 and finally through the 1938 wages •and hours act, to mention the most important laws, this control has been, set up. Today the federal government rules business and industry far more thoroughly than at any period in American history with the exception of the period from 1933 to 1935 when the N.R.A. code system was in opera tion. In view of the fact that the Supreme Court seems to have accepted largely the New Deal philosophy of constitu tional interpretation, there is little prospect of court relief from this con trol. The failure of the President’s purge of anti-New Deal senators together with the notable success of. the Re. publicans in the 1938 elections must be included among the most impor tant developments of tbe year. In thi's result is to be found a basis for the hope that the trend of government toward the left will be halted. J T - f Produce Wealth By GUS W. DYER P r o f e s s o r o f E c o n o m i c s a n d S o c i o l o g y , V a n d e r b i l t U n i v e r s i t y When it is reported that a business executive is paid a salary as large as that of the President of ;he United States, we may expect someone to ask for an in vestigation. The general that large salaries in business are not earned is due, in the first place, to the fact that it is difficult for the man who is re ceiving a small salary to under stand how any body can earn a large salary. In the second place, the hos tility to big salaries is due to a very general ignorance of the nature of production. It is difficult for the average person to divorce himself from the idea that the production of wealth is almost solely a physical process. He regards production as the work of the hands, and hence gives small place to those who do no physical work. As a matter of fact the effective production of wealth is pre-eminently an intellectual rather than a physical process. I t is the brain, not the hands, that is the great*producer. The pro duction of wealth is only in a very limited sense a physical process. Workers in business may be di vided into four classes — common laborers, semi-skilled laborers, sfuUed laborers and those who exercise the directive function. The work of com mon labor is almost altogether phys ical; the work of the semi-skilled is predominantly physical; th# work of the highly Skilled is predominantly intellectual; tbe work of those who exercise directive skill is altogether intellectual. The differences in th# compensation of these four classes are not due to any discrimination, against any class in favor of other* clasps. Under industrial freedom, the com pensations of all the classes are fixed by natural forces and are determined, under the same law. The differences are due entirely to the scarcity of productive brains in business. I t is scarcity and scarcity alone that de termine the values of all commodities and all services on the open market. The compensation of the common laborer is small becaues his services are not scarce, and his productive power is smalL The salary of the great executive is large, because directive brains are extremely scarce, and the productive power of a great directive brain is almost unlimite *. No man can produce much wealth with his hands, however skillful he may be. Those who work with their hands consume almost as much as they produce. As long as society was dependent on handworkers for pro duction society remained poor. Our immense wealth in this country to day is due primarily to the great di rective brains of American business leaders. Henry Ford, it is said, has a fortune of over a billion dollars. This great fortune is not the product of a certain amount of capital and labor combined in the automobile business. These were only instrumentalities used by Ford in his great directive work. This billion dollars of new wealth added to the wealth of this country by Mr. Ford is the product of his brain. He created it through the exercise of great directive skill. That which is true of Mr, Ford is true of every other successful director of business. There is nothing strange about the so-called big salaries of successful business executives. I t is highly prob able that many of them are under paid. (Address qtieslious io the author* carc o f this newspaper)
