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GE TWO CATTARAUGUS (COUNTY) REPUBLICAN Wot more than 60 years the leading weekly newspaper in Cattaraugus County . Published* Wednesdays at 36-42 River Street, Salamanca, N. Y., by B: B. & MATTHEW WEBER Editors,- Publishers and Proprietors 1867 Augustine W. Ferrin 1873 Ferrin & W eber 1880 Ferrin, W eber A Green 18§2 Ferrin & Weber 1895 Blanchard B. W eber 1926 B. B. W eber 8b M atthew W eber TERMS; Within Cattaraugus county $1.50 per year. Outside of the county the above rates plus postage under the zone system. Can adian postage one cent each issue. * CHANGE OF ADDRESS—Subscribers ordering the address of their paper changed, must always give their former as well as present address. REMITTANCES may be made by express or postal money order, or by cash in registered letter or bank draft. Entered as second class matter at the pdstoffice at Salamanca, N. Y. STUDY OF LOCAL TAXES If a l l ’N e w York state G ranges w o u ld follow the recom m endation of S ta te M aster Raym ond Cooper that each appoint a com m ittee to study local taxes, and if other civic bodies in the v arious com m u n ities w o u ld do likew ise, and if these com m ittees w o u ld go about their assigned task painstakingly, intelligently and thorough ly, the taxpayers’ load would be reduced m a terially. Local taxes constitute the b u lk o f our d irect taxes — the taxes w h ich are levied a g a in st r eal estate, and w h ich are so b u rdensom e on h om e o w n ers and business and indus trial properties. The indirect taxes w h ich federal and state governm ents c o llect through various m ore or less hidden d evices are a n o th er story. Local taxes (w e r e fe r not to the taxes of any one locality, but to the taxes levied a g a in st a ll cities, v illages and tow n s) would be much less than they are i f p eople generally w ere w e ll inform ed a s to the m a n n er in which the funds thus raised are expended. The h e e d lessness o f the a v erage citizen is an invitation to extravagance and w a stefulness, and such invitations rarely lack takers. The indifference and n e g ligence o f c itizens in this respect in one o f the w eaknesses o f d em o cracies. From tim e to tim e w a v es o f p rotest sw e e p over the country a g a in st h ig h taxes, and there is loud criticism of those who h a p p en to be in office a t the tim e, r e g a r d le ss o f w h ether they are at fault. The c h a n c es are that the blam e rests on other shoulders— that the high taxes are necessitated by previous adm in istrations, w h ich ran up big bills for the taxpayers w h ile no one w a s looking. Som e tim es this criticism results o n ly in cutting the es sentials from budgets and in various dodges by w h ich necessary expenditures are m erely postponed, to add further to the difficulties of r e a lly econom ical adm in is tration. Often h a sty p rotests m a d e through local com m ittees organized under the spur of resentm ent w h en taxes m ount are n o t warranted b y facts and do a s m u ch harm as good. W e h a v e in m in d a n instance in which a civic group, after a m erely cursory exam in a tion, severely criticised an increase in the county b u d g e t and w a s left in an em b a rrassing position w h en one who knew the facts .pointed out that paym ents of bonds m a tu ring at that tim e more than a ccounted for the increase. To be effective, criticism o f b u d g ets m u st b e b a sed on a ccurate inform a tion and thorough u n d erstanding. For a com m ittee from the G range or a n y other local group to have such understanding as w ill enable it to acco m p lish a n y t h i n g w o r t h w h ile in th e w a y of tax re duction requires careful, detailed study. The local as sessm ent base m u st be understood. There m u st be know ledge o f civic n eeds, as w e ll as inform a tion b earing on the q u estion w h ether w e g e t w h a t we are supposed to get in efficient and econom ical service from those en trusted with the expenditure of public m oneys. If citizen com m ittees in the various com m u n ities would address them selves seriously and earnestly to tax m at ters, and would b ecom e thoroughly conversant with them , a n ew era o f econom y would b e u shered in. — ,— o— ------------ THE SUPREM E PERIL Slow ly and quietly a rem a rkable change has oc curred in Am erican thinking about European “ideolo g i e s .” W e h ad, for a long tim e, a g r e a t fear o f Bolshe vism . That W as t h e big p h o b ia o f our p o litical and eco nom ic th i n k i n g . E v e n w h e n N a z ism w a s sp a w n e d by H itler, it seem ed to most Am ericans less d a n g erous than the Russian system . Now the situation is reversed. A n a tional survey by the Am erican Institute of Public Opinion, which has a ’ notable record for accuracy, indicates that today 83 p er cent o f the Am erican people prefer Russia to Germany. The question was put as follow s: “If there w as a war between Germany and Russia, which side would you rather see w in?” There w a s no explicit question of Com munism or Nazism , but the im p lication w a s clear. Every A m erican today knows that Russia m eans first of all Communism, and Germ any m eans first o f a ll Nazism . W h y, then, should Red Russia, even w ith its tyranny and its ruthless elim in ation of political and econom ic m in o rities, now be preferred to Germ any, with which Am erica has so jnany ties of friendship, blood and culture ? Obviously because our people believe today that N a zism is a g re a te r p eril than Communism. And that is, perhaps, because Russia has m o stly stopped its propa ganda, w h ereas Germ an leadership seem s bent on im posing its brutal a n d a rrogant system on a ll the world’. ---------------------- o— _------------- - A substantial falling off in Dem o cratic enrollm ent in New York City is show n b y figures just m a d e public, find a t the sam e tim e a substantial increase in the n u m ber o f enrolled Republicans. In the cities, voters enroll w h en they register, selecting the p a rty %vith w h ich they choose to affiliate d u ring the com in g y ear. In N e w York City the num b er of v o ters enrolling as Dem o crats this year is SO,085 less than last year, w h ile 31,240 m ore voters enrolled as R epublicans than a y e a r a g o . E ig h ty thousand, o f course, is n o t a large figure in com p arison with the m etropolitan total enrollm ent o f c lo se to tw o and a h a lf m illions; but the D em o cratic decrease and R epublican increase a re indicative o f a trend w h ic h has been m a n ifested elsewhere* REPUBLICANS IN M A JORITY IN H A L F THE CO U N T R Y R epublican g a in s in the N o v em b er elections tak e on new significance a n d im p ressiveness w ith com p ilation b y the A ssociated Press o f the'vote for c a n d id a tes for R ep resentatives in Congress in all of the 48 states. In tw e lv e Eastern states, tw e lv e M id d le W estern states and one W estern state the Republicans- a re n o w the m a jo rity party, taking the Congress v o te a s a standard. In e leven W estern states the D em o crats are but slightly in the m a jo rity— 51.9 per cent. In the Southern states the Dem o crats lost heavily in votes and the Republicans m a d e large g a in s. In the country as a w h o le the Dem ocrats lost so m a n y v o tes, a n d the Republicans g a in e d so m a n y , that the tw o m a jo r p a rties are shown running n e c k and n eck. N e ither p o lled q u ite a m a jo rity o f the total Congress v o te. The totai v o te for Dem o cratic c a n d id a tes for Represen tatives w a s 1 7 ,5 5 9 ,0 8 1 , or 49 p er c e n t o f the total v o te o f 35,815,720. The v o te for R epublican c a n d id a tes w a s 17,- 129,557, or 4 7 .8 p er cent, and for a ll o th er c a n d id a tes w a s 1,127,082, or 3 .2 p er cent. In tw e lv e Eastern states, Connecticut, D elaw a re, M aine, M a ryland, M a ssachusetts, N e w H a m p shire, N e w Jersey, N e w York, P ennsylvania, Rhode Island, Verm ont and W e st Virginia, the Dem o cratic v o te w a s 6 ,6 3 3 ,0 5 0 , or 4 7 .2 per cent, o f a total v o te of 1 4 ,0 5 1 ,0 6 6 ; the Re publican v o te w a s 7 ,1 6 5 ,9 5 1 , or 51 per cent, a n d for a ll other candidates, 2 5 2 ,0 6 5 , or 1.8 per cent. In 1936 the total v o te in these tw e lv e states w a s 1 6 ,6 4 5 ,8 4 4 , o f which President R o o sevelt r e c e iv e d 9 ,3 0 4 ,8 8 7 , or 5 5 .3 p er cent; Mr. Landon, 6 ,7 2 9 ,0 2 5 , or 4 0 .4 per cent, a n d c a n d id a tes on o th er tickets, 7 1 1 ,9 3 2 , or 4 .3 p er cent. In these tw e lv e states the D em o crats e le c te d 61 R epresentatives and the R epublicans 7 4 , as com p a red w ith 89 Dem o crats and 46 R epublicans e le c te d in 1 9 3 6 . In twrelve M id d le W estern states, Illinois, Indiana, Iow a , K a n sa s, M ichigan, M in n esota, M issouri, Nebraska, North D a k o ta , Ohio, South D a k o ta and W isconsin, the R epublican party m a d e great g a in s. Fifty-four Dem o crats, e ig h ty Republicans, one Farm er-Laborite and tw o Progressives w ere elected to the H o u se of R epresenta tives, w h ere ninety Dem o crats, thirty-five Republicans, five F a rm er-Laborites a n d seven Progressives w ere e le c t ed in 1 936. The Dem o cratic v o te a t the 1938 e le c tion in these states w a s 6 ,2 2 8 ,3 6 5 out o f a total o f 1 4 ,1 4 8 ,3 0 2 , or 4 4 per cent. The R epublican vote w a s 7 ,2 1 3 ,1 3 9 , or 51 per cent, a n d the v o te for o th er candidates 7 0 6 ,7 9 8 , or 5 p er cent. In 1 936 the Dem o cratic v o te for P r esident R o o se v e lt w a s 1 0 ,3 5 1 ,7 4 2 , or 58.1 per cent, o f a total o f 17,828,205, and the R epublican v o te for Mr. L andon w a s 6,850,748. In M in n esota the Farm er-Labor v o te in 1938 w a s 340,201, as com p ared with 462,714 in 1936. In W isconsin the 1938 vote of the Progressive party w a s 323,749, as com p a red w ith a v o te of 4 4 5 ,0 9 0 in 1936. In e leven W estern S ta tes, A rizona, California, Colo rado, Idaho, M ontana, N evada, N e w M exico, O regon, U ta h , W a shington and W y o m in g , the D em o crats e le c t ed 30 R epresentatives and the R epublicans 13, a s com pared with 38 Dem o crats and 5 R epublicans in 1936. The Dem o cratic v ote w a s 2 ,4 3 2 ,7 3 2 , or 5 1 .9 per cent o f a total v o te of 4 ,6 8 5 ,7 5 1 ; the R epublican vote w a s 2,- 118,035, or 4 5 .3 per cent, and ,the vote for o th er candi dates, 1 3 4 ,9 8 4 , or 2.8 p er cent. The D em o cratic party held its own in thirteen Southern states, A la b a m a , Arkansas, Floi’ida, G eorgia, K entucky, Louisiana, M ississippi, North Carolina, O k la hom a, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia, electing 117 Dem o crats and three Republicans to the H o u se, the sam e d ivision a s o b ta in ed a fter the 1 9 3 6 e le c tion. The vote, h o w ever, w a s m u ch sm aller. The 1 938 Dem o cratic vote w a s 2,264,934, or 77.3 per cent of a total v o te o f 2 ,9 2 0 ,6 0 1 , the Republican v o te 6 3 2 ,4 3 2 , or 21.4 p er cent a n d the v o te for o th er candidates 3 3 ,2 3 5 or 1.1 p er cent. In 1936, the Dem ocratic Presidential vote in these states w a s 4 ,4 0 9 .1 4 7 , or 75.4 per c ent o f a total vote o f 5,851,726, the Republican vote was 1,412,300, or 24.1 per c e n t and the v o te for o th er candidates was 3 0 ,2 7 9 , or .5 p er cent. The follow ing table show s the electoral v o te in those states in which either p a rty h a d a m a jo rity v o t e : State Dem ocratic Republican A la b a m a .......................................... 11 A rizona .................................. ..... 3 Ai'kansas 0 _ Colorado ................................... 6 D e la w a re ............................ 3 Florida ......................................... 7 G eorgia .................................. . 12 Idaho ............................................ 4 Illinois ...................................... . 29 Indiana .................................... 14 • Iow a ................................................. 11 K a n sa s ................................................... 9 K entucky ........................................ 11 Louisiana ........................................ 10 M aine ................................................... 5 M aryland ....................................... 8 M a ssachusetts .....* ..................... . . 17 M ichigan .................................. 19 M in n e s o ta ............................................... 11 M ississippi ...................................... 9 M issouri .' ......................................... 15 M ontana .................. 4 N ebraska .......... 7 N e v a d a ........................... 3 N e w H a m p s h ir e ..................................... 4 N e w Jersey ................................... .. 16 N e w M exico ............ 3 North D a k o ta ......................... 4 Ohio ......................................... . ...... ... 26 O k la h o m a ....... . ...... . .......... .. 11 O regon ........................................ 5 Pennsylvania ................... 36 Rhode Island .................... 4 South Carolina ........ ......... 8 South D a k o ta ........ . .......... . .. 4 T e n n e s s e e ................ ’ 11 T e x a s ..... . ......... . ......... . 23 U ta h .......... 4 .... V erm o n t ..... 3 » CATTARAUGUS REPUBLICAN, WEDNESDAY, DEC. 21, 1»3S Sttti Washington ......... * ....... . ...... 8 West Virginia .............. 8 W y o m in g .... 3 Totals 241 201 In four* states n e ither m a jo r p a rty o b ta in ed a m a jo rity in'the v o te for candidates for R epresentatives. The four- are California w ith tw e n ty -tw o electoral v o tes, w h ere the plurality w a s D em o cratic; N e w York with forty-seven electoral votes, Connecticut w ith eight and W isconsin w ith tw e lv e , w h ere the pluralities w ere Republican., Treating pluralities in these four states the sam e as m a jo rities for the purpose of a ssigning them places in the D em o cratic or Republican colum n in e le c to ral v o tes, the Dem o cratic electoral strength as indicated by the Congressional e lections a d d s up to 2 6 3 a n d the Republi can to 2 6 8 . A v o te o f 2 6 6 in the electoral c o llege is n eces sary to e le c t a President. ----------- -o------------ Secretary of Comm erce Roper resigns from the R o o sevelt cabinet. Im m ediately Capitol H ill h ears that 'Harry L. H opkins, W . P. A. adm in istrator, is in line to succeed him . The report g iv e s a degree o f color to re cent a ssertions o f com m entators that the adm in istration has becom e convinced from analysis of the election re turns that W . P . A. is a p o litical liability, rather than an asset, and that it is on the w a y out, . ------------ o ------ - ----- - R U R A L K A L E ID O S C O P E A n a u th ority in the Census Bureau b e lieves that the next count w ill show a farm population in the United States in 1940 alm o st the sam e in net n u m b ers as that of 1 9 3 0 . It w ill n o t b e the sam e in certain o th er respects. Far from being stationary, the farm population dur ing the last e ig h t y ears h a s b een in a state o f continual change w h ich has not y e t ceased. In the early part o f the d e c a d e m a n y farm people m o v ed into the tow n s and cities. L a ter p eople b e g a n g o in g b a ck to the farm s. Those counter-m ig rations have been nearly equal. There have been o th er m o vem ents, out o f the dust bowl o f the Southw est, out o f the A p p a la chian hills in the East, and so on. S om e o f this h a s b een a shift m ade by the p e o p le them selves in an effort to b etter their con ditions, b u t o ften landing them in distant “rural slum s” as bad as w h a t they left. Som e of it has been govern m ent r esettlem ent, with financial aid, new equipm ent and special training for settlers, such a s the M atanuska colons'- in A la ska and. in v arious p la c e s within the United States. Still another feature of the varying farm scene is the city-farm com b in ation in w h ich m a n y fam ilies now live n ear cities, work in the city, and “farm ” only enough to supplem ent their incom es w ith hom e gardening and poultry raising. T h ese suburbanites a t p resent are classed as p a rt o f the rural p o p u la tion. They n o w form so large a group that the census bureau m ay h a v e to m a k e a third classification for them in order to keep the statistics ac curate and u seful. ---------------- o - .... — ........ - L A N D O N SP E A K S FO R U . S. Over a h u n d red y ears a g o a P r esident o f the United States inform ed the world, in effect, that the people o f this country w o u ld not tolerate a n y foreign g o v ernm ent gaining a foothold on this continent. R e c a lling the w riting of this M onroe Doctrine, A lf M. Landon, one of the Am erican delegates to the Pan- Am erican Conference, tells the w o r ld : “N e v e r for one m o m ent since have w e faltered in that dQctrine. This historic policy is not going to be changed n o m a tter w h a t p a rty is in power. I k n o w that in saying this I speak for Republicans a s w e ll a s Dem o crats. Because at hom e in this m a tter there is not and w ill n o t b e a n y p a rty d iv ision.” Mr. Landon also used plain language to describe present conditions in Europe and Asia. The p eople o f the W estern W o rld are “ h orrified and shocked” by the “ in credible brutality” across the A tlantic and across the Pacific. W e “have nothing in com m on with these tyr annies.” W e r e je c t the p h ilosophies and ideologies which have produced them . W e intend to keep this continent open to justice a n d tolerance a n d h u m an liberty. Mr. L andon’s v o ice a t P eru w a s the v o ice o f A m erica. ------------ -o ------------- T H E L E W IS PR O G R A M John L. Lewis has a n n o u n ced his program for the next y e a r a n d a half, w h ich is of m u ch interest to the A m erican public, and particularly to every person who has any p roperty, or h o p e s to h a v e any, a n d d esires to be able to call it h is a n d enjoy it. The Lewis program is to m ake the “Non-Partisan L e a g u e ,” w h ich the A m erican Federation o f Labor says is n o t n o n -p artisan but a C.I.O. affair, so pow e r fu l that he w ill hold the balance of pow er in the Dem o cratic national convention of 1 9 4 0 and dictate the nom in ation of c a n d id a tes “w h o w ill m a in ta in and extend the eco nom ic and political g a in s o f r ecent y e a r s.” And w h a t are these “ econom ic and p o litical g a in s” ? The principal “ econom ic g a in ” a chieved by the C. I.O. is the forcible seizure o f p roperty b elonging to o th ers — a m o d ern form o f b rigandage and p iracy— w h ich m en aces the r ig h t of every person in the U n ited States to acquire and possess property o f a n y kind. The p rincipal “ p o litical g a in ” a chieved by Mr. L ewis and the C.I.O. is the e le c tion o f p u b lic officials who will perm it this species o f robbery o f citizens. . -0 — ------ A U T O D E A T H R A T E D R O P S R egistrations o f m o to r v ehicles in the United S ta tes dropped this y e a r from an a ll-tim e h ig h in 1 9 3 7 b u t the decrease is less than one p er cent, a n d g a so line consum p tion w ill show a slight increase o v er last y ear. These estimates, based on reports from 47 states, are highly significant in view of the drastic reduction in motor vehicle fatalities. In previous years the automo bile death rate rose or fell in fairly direct proportion to the amount of travel; but this year with total mileage re maining static, deaths will show a decrease of approxi mately 20 per cent. Reports show a drop in registration from 30,096,000 in 1937 to 20,880,000 this year or a decrease of seven-' tenths of one par cent, Gasoline consumption Increased by three-tenths of one per cent, from 20,011,600,000 gallons to 20,071,000,000 gallons. H o m * $ Y o i t r H e a l t h ? Mttot fm tk* Mmo r#rfc */ Itm e i M — Iv Or. lace Gakfe The War Goes On A choice story to illustrate the dif ference between the optim ist a n d the pessimist is th a t of the pessimist’* comment on the half-consumed bot tle, “Gee, it’s a lready half gone,” a n d the optimist’s “ Well, there is still h a lf a bottle left!” In viewing the progress of our war on tuberculosis, we are generally In clined to be optimistic. W e look back upon what has been accomplished with satisfaction. B u t a sober view of what remains o f the tuber culosis problem should be added to counterbalance any enthusiasm. The present death r a te from tuber culosis is a little more than one-fifth of what it was a t the beginning of the present century. Whereas in 1900 there were 195 deaths from tubercu losis fo r each 100,000 of the total population; in 1938 there wer% ap proximately 43 per 100,000. These figures, interpreted by one of our leading statisticians, mean th a t “about 200,000 persons will be alive on December 31st who would have succumbed to tuberculosis this year if the rate of 1900 still prevail ed.” Tuberculosis is most prevalent among those in the highest produc tive period of their lives. W hen it strikes the parent, it is likely to dis organize and disrupt the family. The fam ily of the tuberculosis adult is jeopardized in many ways. The breadwinner or the homemaker is either missing or handicapped. If the tuberculosis individual remain? at home he is liable to infect the other members of the family, and notably the younger ones. The gains we have made in our w ar on tuberculosis have been the fruits o- the united efforts of public healll» workers, both private and govern mental, and of the great interest which the public bas taken in the campaigns against the plague. But the campaign m-ust go on i f tubercu losis deaths are to be reduced fu r ther. We require additional clinical fa cilities fo r diagnosis, more beds fo r the isolation and the treatm e n t of in fectious cases, and a continued pub lic campaign of instruction on the na ture of the disease, the manner o f its prevention, and its proper treat ment. Improving the standards of living of the mass of the people is enormously important. D isease— A f f e c t e d B y P e r s o n a lity Associating certain diseases with certain distinct personality types has been recognized fo r many centuries. Until recent times however this rec ognition represented m erely an acad emic interest. In a recent study on personality and ulcerative colitis, i t was definite ly shown that this disease condition frequently affects individuals who are emotionally unstable, apprehen sive, egocentric and dependent. It was established th a t often the onset of the disease occurs when the . patient is emotionally tense and up set by a difficult problem. While it cannot be m aintained that emotional disturbances cause ulcer ative colitis, i t m u st be assumed th a t the onset of the disease a t a tim e of emotional crisis is more than acciden tal. The emotional crisis m u st be re garded as contributing to the devel opment of the disease. Such patients would benefit by tim ely and compe ten t psychiatric treatm e n t. The personality patterns of 9 pa tients suffering from ulcerative co litis were described in the study re ferred to above. None .of the patient? had ever manifested a good, well-sus tained output of energy or drive. None of them achieved a healthy adult sexual adjustm ent. In four cases m arriage was unhappy and sex* ual adjustm e n t inaequate. The patients were egocentric, pas sive and insecure. They tended to give up readily in the face of prob lems rather than to attack difficul ties resolutely and constructively. It is interesting to contrast the personality of the ulcerative colitis sufferer with th a t of the sufferer from peptic ulcer. W hereas the for m er is passive, the typical peptic ul cer patient is extrem ely energetic^ and active. He refuses to give UP even when in acute pain. The uleep- ative colitis patient seems to avoid responsibility. The peptic ulcer pa tient accepts responsibility beyond his share. From the above it must not be gathered th a t *31 sufferers from ul cerative colitis necessarily confer® to the personality pattern described Every generalization his its excep tions. Again, the reader must recogni** that while the total personality of *» individual cannot be altered, many aspects of it can- be modified advwe* tageohsly. The number of farm* in the South increased more than 409 per from I860 to 1188, while acre* cultivation dropped from 194,8$*.- 800 to 188,542,000. < — - 1 Each American farmer pmdneee food and iibre fo r an aver*** e t three aad a half pm m m fa tew*.
