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POPULAR SCIENCE. THE THJOBT Of KABTHQUAJOB. ProtVwtor KotfCFM, of Glasgow Utriver- wity, Scotland, In the rouruo of a lecture flriivi<n*d mvntly in tho Merchant's Hall, on \ Volcunir Action, with special rcfer- ru.c to tho Theory of Earthquakes,\ trmtrd of the different species of volcanic eruption*, »uch u« hot wteiun. lava, stonen, eiuili, A*., and then oroeeeded to tho sptv tin I xuliject of earthquakes. These, he Maid, were composed of a pulsating mo- tion, which was of colossal magnitude, and rouneetcd with which waH a treinu- l\u^ jurring u shudder *»l* the earth •—ac- <'oiiipanie<I by a crackling of the rocky mutter. An earthquake took its time to n minute, nnd observer** could conwv <iu«ntlv calculate its velocity. It wan composed of a group of advancing waves, uiitl its average period of oscillation was two or three minute*. In the year 1812 the town of Carat'can, in South America, wu.i destroyed, and the valley of the Mis- Hip|»i wan ulHouffeeted. The back woods- men in the Western States at that period, who hud their neiiw-H all awake, diwov- er<<) that thin enrtlmuiike came from the dim tion of the Miwiiwippi, mid that when the earth yawned the GnsureH ran north and south. To save themselves from l««ng engulfed they cut down trees, whit h they cauwd to fall east and west, ttnd HO noon as they felt the tremulous movement they left their cabins and be- nt rode the trees. The result of the inves- tigations which he hnd made into several earthquakes that had occurred in the West Indies and in America was, that the undulating waves in the interior of the earth moved forward at a speed of from twenty seven to thirty-four miles per min- uto, leaving a crust upon the rocks with wliuh they came in contact. In some p.irW of the world the earthquakes had completely changed the surface of the earth; the swamps of Missouri having, lot instance, l»een transformed into a rich soil, dotted with shallow lakes. A port ut the mouth of the Indus had been sunk I 'cncuth the surface of the water, and the strata of the Alteghany Mountains also I'oie. marks of the influence of them un- der ground currents. GRADUAL DlttOLVWe OF WOTTM. The soluble, purl of the soil is the inor- ganic food of the plants, ftaiu water < annot come in contact with the soil, or even with a gravel-heap, without dissolv- ing some of it. Kxuose almost any stone, or handful of gravel, washed clean, to the iictiou of a quart or so of rain water sev- eral days, nnd upon evaporating the wa- ter it will be seen, from the residue left, that a portion has been dissolved. Now let these same stones be exposed, covered, or partly covered with water, in a saucer, to the action of frost, setting them out of doors for two or three cold nights, taking cure that they thaw by day. Pour off the water, rising with fresh, and evapo- rate as above, and it will be seen that a very much largrr quantity has come into solution. The reason is, that all stones heing somewhat porous, by the action of the frost, their outer portion is broken up, waled and fissured, and a vastly greater surface is exposed to the action of the water, even though this tlssuring is not visible to the eye. When land is exposed to alternate freezing and thawing, the same effect must take place.— Scientific Axonmr MAomnnre OLAM. A ^lass has IK'CII discovered in Pompeii, the sue of a crown piece, with a convex- ity, which leads one to suppose it to l>e a magnifying lens. Now, it has been said that the ancients were not aware of this ower, and the invention is given to Gali- eo by some, to a Dutchman, in 1621, by others, while a compound microscope is attributed to one Fontnua, in the seven- teenth century. But without a magnify- ing glass how did the Greeks and Humans v\ork those line gems which the human eye in unable to read without the assist- ance of a glass? There is one in tho Na- ples royal collection, for example, the le- gend of which it is impossible to make out, unless by applying a magnifying power. The glass in question was found With a glass ready cut and polished for engraving thereon, which stone is now also to be seen in the Museum at Naples. THE BOTAHT 07 JAPAX. The botany of the Island of Japan is more varied than that of any country of the same area, as it comprises tne flora of tlie tropics and of the autartic regions. It possesses this remarkable peculiarity, that, instead of resembling in general fea- tures the flora of the western shores of America bordering on the Pacific, it is more like that of the eastern and distant side of the American Continent. The Japanese possess the art of dwaiting and of magnifying vegetable products m an extraordinary manner. A recent traveller states that he saw a plum-tree, a cherry- tree, nnd a fig-tree, growing in a small box not more than six inches long, the plum tree being in blossom ; wlulst on the other hand, cabbages are grown of such a H'V/.V that one is as much as a man can lift. The Japanese horticulturist also have the power of concentrating the vitjor of a fruit tree In a single branch, which will thus bear blossoms add fruit much greater than the common size. It is said there are more spots on the sun now than have ever been noticed bo- fore, and that Its light and heat arc dim- ished by them about one per cent. THE ADVANCE, POTSDAM, March IB, 1881. PRIBHD HOPKINS :—I find that it it a somewhat common impression that Pots- dam is a alow town. We are perhaps Blow in some respect*, AS we have no night- ly arrests for drunkenness and rioting, though, I am sorry to say, we are not en- tirely destitute of the genius known as fast young men, whose greatest ambition is to strut the street with a cigar between their teeth, and a fine coat on their back for which they owe the tailor, and conse- quently their back is the only safe place for it; they think it a manly thing to get tight and raise a rumpus generally. It is no uncommon tiling for the tradesman on visiting hie store in thu morning, to find his Dry Goods Store transformed into a meat shop or livery stable, and on the door-steps He will find scrawled an adver- tisement more obscene than witty. Potsdam has never been known to pro- gress crab fashion. If she's slow, she's sure. As witness, look at l\pr substantial sidewalks, made of thu Potsdam sand- stone. This stone to be appreciated need only to be known; and I am glad to learn that the owners of one ledge have made a large contract to furnish stone for public works at Ottawa City, C. W. They are as durable as time—and some day we hope to have a large trade in them ; all that,now stands in the way IB the great cost of transportation, but in time thiB obstacle will be overcome. We are now building sulmtantial stone roads —nothing else answers the wishes of the public. It is to be hoped that plank and \ dirt roads will soon be among the things that have tycen. Potsdam is hardly likely to fulfill tho prophesy of a prominent citizen of Og- denaburgh, made about the time the Northern Hail Road was finished, viz:— That Potsdam waB destined to become a sheep pasture* It must l»e owned that, instead of grass Iwing a damage to ns, we owe our prosperity to it, to it we owe our butter and cheese, which, are unsurpassed in market, and command the cash when nothing else will. I think the citizens of Potsdam afro in gratitude bound to adopt the figure of this great staple, as an em- blem for t^ieir seal. Why not as appro- priate as the shamrock, the thistle, ancfr the rose, of Ireland, Scotland and Eng- land. St. Lawrence Academy commences its Spring tann to-day under tho able man- agement of E. W. Plumb, D. D., Princi- pal,—jw)W to know is to respect, and to know intimately is to love. He is wholly dovotecLto the interests of the school.— And also E. W. Johnson, A. M., Associate Principal, a thorough scholar, and one who has the ability to impart his know- ledge. Mr. Farvill is the Teacher of Music. He has had great success as a Teacher the past year, and as a musician is hard to beat. Under this management the school is prospering finely. The stu- dents are coming in good numbers to- day, and the prospect is that it will be a full term. This is the oldest Academy in the County, dating baok some fitly years, its graduates are scattered all over the world, and they no doubt will l)c glad to learn that the old Institution is still flourishing. And now a word about the ADVAKCB. It is getting to bo a general fitvoritc among the many local dailies. . Its neat typographical appearance, its sensible, cool editorials, and the good taste shown in the selection of miscellany, all go to make it just the thing for thu fireside and home circle. In sonic circles here, political subjects are tabooed. The subject has t>een worn threadbare; people arc getting sick of so muck talk. I think the Republicans of this town, if they had tho same elec- tion to go through again, would to a man vote for Abraham Lincoln. The party has been traduced, maligned and abused in all conceivable shapes throughout the 8outh, by the Democratic party, and such incendiary sheets as the Herald. We have not been allowed to defend ourselves, for of course it is impossible, where a man was in danger of his life by confessing he was a Republican. And where the people are BO ignorant that they believe our Vice President elect is a mulatto, they would believe anything, no matter how gross a falsehood I did not intend to say a word about politics when I commenced this letter, and beg your pardon, for hav- ing clone go, as the subject has no end; and if I could have my say, it might waste much good ink and paper. E. lira. BT THE RAMBLER. Grigge is henpecked. There is no use in denying it. Everybody knows it.— Qriggs shows it in his manners, language and actions—in his shifting, wistful eyes, his patient, subdued look and his palpi- tating heart. Origgs is not a coward.— No; he denies the \soft impeachment.\ Qriggs would cheerfully walk up to one end of a cannon, but he sinks into dimin- utive insignificance l>cneath the awful frown of his dreaded partner—the all- subduing Mrs. Griggs. Griggs goes to church. l)o yon notice how carefully he crowds, and squeezes, and packs himself in one comer of the pew to make room for the immeasurable skirts of Mrs. G.'s raiment? how demure- ly he sits; the little volume in his hand is open, but you can see his half averted eyes, ever and anon looking wistfully for the smile that is not on tho countenance of his amiable spouse. And how pa- tiently he waits when the services are concluded for the dignified nod which informs him that he may open the pew door and depart. In company Griggs never appears un- less his lady accompanies him, and then with what a lamb-like mein he chooses tho most secluded corner of the room and seats himself where he can be least ob- served. How attentively he listens to the sallies of wit his wife indulges in, and if by chance, forgetful of previous in- structions, ho indulges an involuntary \ te he,\ how quickly that awful glance freezes the terrified smile on his face, and smoth- ers the unborn laugh I At home Briggs' nonentity appears in fearful reality. Nobody seems to notice him, though Bridget occasionally favors him with a nod of recognition, and how meekly he smiles in compliant deference to the orders conveyed through the agen- cy of the Celtic virgin, that u The lnis- thrcss wants to have him take care of the children till she cums back from the tar- party.\ And if Mrs. Griggs should not be in until late, that is nothing to Griggs. Oh no! All he has to trouble himself about is to ace that each little Griggs is arrayed in its night garments and depos- ited carefully in its couch, and that Mrs. G.'s room is carefully aired and the bed- clothes warmed, and that the fires are all taken of, and then Griggs may retire to hie own little room in the garret and gather strength for the trials of the com- ing day. Alas, poor Griggs 1 we pity you! ITEMS OF DTTBBEST. The Great Eastern is now getting ready to make a second voyage to-New-York, as a regular trader. It is expected that she will start on the beginning of next month (April), This second voyage, if she has anything like a tolerable cargo, will afford a better criterion of her speed and capacity than her former trips across the Atlantic. In St. Louis, Patrick Weigh, excited to frenzy by liquor, attacked his wife, with- out tho slightest provocation, knocked her from the sofa to the floor, and kicked her terribly on Uie sides, and pressed her on the abdomen several times with his knees. He then seized a poker and struck hor unmercifully over the upper and lower extremities*, and ran the poker down her throat. She was taken to the hos- pital, where she died. They had been married only eleven months. The noted politician, Robert J. Walk- er, has recently become a millionaire, from a decision of tho 8upreme Court, in relation to a California quick-silver mine, of which he owns one-fifth, and for which he lias recently been offered two millions of dollars. It is now creditably reported that there s to be no extra session, or if any, not till late in the summer. t We have accounts of a terrible famine in India. The failure of the spring crops seems to be inevitable. From four to five hundred arc dying daily. It is said that the President has issued an order to evacuate Fort Suintcr on the arrival of a war steamer, and that Major Anderson is to shell the City of .Charles- ton, if interfered with. Despatches from Fort Pickens state that Lieut. Stammer is nearly out of pro- visions and must be relieved immediately^ The Evening Post, notices that of the 20 appointments to ministerial and con- sulate offices, 22 are of Whig and four of Democratic derivation. MAKCH 29, 1861. COMICALITIE8. [Written for the Advance.] Many indeed aro the thorns which spring up in life's path way piercing re- morselessly the feet of the way-worn traveler, and often the heart in its silent sorrow is thrown back upon itself with an overburdened weight of care, finding no cherished retreat, no green spot in the great waste upon which it can rest It is true, there are times it would seem when the fountain of human sympathy forgets to flow, or its sweet streams have become crystallized by the benumbing influence of selfisncss; in such an hour how sweetly falls on the wounded spirit a kind word, a pleasant smile, an encouraging look or a friendly recognition, yes these axe the sunny spots of life, the flowers among the thorns, the oasis in the desert; and often have they been instrumental in raiaing the fallen, stimulating the despondent, awaking into life and activity, inspiring with hope and ambition that spirit which had almost learned to look with distrust upon a cold and selfish world, and under its burden of misfortunes was ready to eink in despair. There is a chord in the human breast which can only be touched by the power of kindness and then it sends forth its sweet tones, like the rich music filling tha air with melody, which can only be produced by a master hand. Kindness is not only a moral lever but a moral law and is»the bask of that rule of rules, \ Do unto others as ye would that others should do unto you.\ It is like a never failing well-spring whose streams if they are permitted to flow will not only fertilize and gladden on every side, but will purify the fountain, rendering its waters clear and healthful; not only scattering blessings for others, but return- ing to bless the bosom from whence it sprung. Without this He^vcn-boni prin- ciple the earth would be a dreary wilder- ness and life one constant scene of war- fare and strife. If then by a kind word you can prevent one drop of bitterness in life's cup or dry one tear, of grief or by its gentle influence cause a smile to beam on the features of the care-worn and Bor- row-striken, withhold it not, how incom- parable its coat with, the sublime effects, how precious the sacred promise \ He that watercth shall be watered also him- self, \ how blessed the conciousness that even one good act or desire is approved and registered in Heaven. SEA WEED. HEALTH DEPARTMENT. VEHTCLATTHG CHAMBERS. When it is considered that pure air Is essential to the purification ot the blood, and that the food we eat never becomes nutriment until it meets with the air in the lungs, and when it is furthermore re- mem»>ered that a full third of our entire existence is passed in our sleeping apart- ments, it must l>e clear to the commonest understanding that the difference between breathing a pure and impure air while we arc asleep, is literally incalculable as to the effects upon our happiness and well- being. How an impure air is caused and how it may be avoided, are plainly treat- ed of in our now book on SLEEP, includ- ing as it does, the general subjects of sleeping, ventilation, the planning and warming of houses, etc., etc. 00LDS. If a man begins to cough, as the result of a common cold, it is the effort of na- ture herself attempting the cure, and she will effect in her own time, and more ef- fectually than any man can do if she is let alone, and her instincts cherished.— What arc instincts? She abhors food and craves warmth. Hence the moment a man is satisfied that he has taken cold, let him do three things. First, eat not an atom ; third, drink as much cold water as he wants, or a« much hot herb tea as he can, and in three cases out of four, he will be well in 36 hours.— JMVs Journal of Health. LONGEVITY THE OBDER OF HATURE. Rov. Dr. Hawes, of Hartford, in a dis- course upon a \well-spent life,\ has the following very 'just remarks: \ Let any one rightly understand the laws of his being, physical, moral and social, and study carefully to conform to them, and life in all its parts would bo likely to be healthy, cheerful and happy ; it would pass away as a a long bright summer's day, bringing sweet music to cheer him in its morning, noon and evening, and closing not in clouds and darkness, but in clear sunshine and light. That high authority, the Registrar of England, re marks: ( Man does not pass through all the stages of his physiological and intel- lectual development in less than seventy years. 1 That is, he ought, as a general rule, to live so long, and to enjoy health and vigor; and if it be asked why he does not, the answer is found in wrong, unnatural modes of living\ What relation is a door mAt to the scra- per? A atey farther WHICH is the smallest bridge in the world? The bridge of the nose. Why Is a blacksmith Kke a counterfeit- er ? Because ho makes a living by forg- ing. Which are the two lettere in the English language most disagreeable to ladies ? D. K.—decay. AM architect proposes to build a Bach- elor'H Hall, which will differ from most houses in having no Eves. SWINGING is said by.the doctors to be a good exercise for the health, Init many a poor wretch has come to his death by it. There are two reasons why we dont trust a man, one because we don't know him, and the other because we do. An Irish mail bid an extraordinary price for an alarm clock, and as a reason he said \ that as he loved to rise early, he had now only to pnll the Btring and a- wake himself.\ \ It is very curious \ said an old gentle- man a few days since to his friend \ that a watch should be perfectly dry when it has a running *pring inside. A wag observing a fellow steal a fish and put it under his jacket, which was too short to conceal the theft, hallooed to the purlioncr to wear in future, a longer jacket, or steal a $horter fish. An Irish girl, seeing her mistress feed- ing a pet canary, asked, \ How long it tuck them craters to hatch.\ \ Three weeks,\ she replied. \ Och wire, that's as long aa any other fowl except a pig.\ The following is a copy of a bill found potted on the wall in a country village.! U A lecture on total abstinence will l»e delivered in the open air, and a collection will be made at the door to defray expen- ses. A clergyman in a certain town, as the custom is, having published the banns of matrimony Ijetween two persons, was followed by the Clerk, reading the hymn, beginning with those words. \ Mistaken soules, who dream of heaven.\ The government expenditures of Great Britain are £915,000, more than a million of dollars, per day. The people conBume seven hundred thousand dollars of food per day, more than their own soil pro- daces. Will you take the life of Abraham Lin- coln or General Scott, this morning mad- am ? Said a newsboy to our good aunt Betsey. \ No, my lad, \ she replied. They may live to the ends of their days for me—I've nothin agin'em,\ A wag, passing a house, observed on the door the separate names of a physici- an and a surgeon, and facetiously remark- ed that the circumstance put him in mind of a double barrelledgun—for if one miss- ed, the other was sure to kill. The New Haven Clock Company makes 686 clocks per dav, 250,000 a par. There are 250 kinds oi clocks made, and each contain 400 parts. The number of rooms occupied by the workmen at this establish- ment is 100. That occupied by those who paint the pictures on the glass doors is jealously guarded, as that operation is a valuable secret. How TO MANAGE TOUGH POULTBY.— A party taking supper at an hotel a few evenings since found the poultry rather tough. One genius, after exerting his in- genuity to no effect in trying to dissect a turkey, turned to the waiter and asked, \ You haven't got such a thing as a pow- der flask .in the house, 'have you t for I think it will be the shortest way to blow this fellow np-\ It is related of a gentleman who placed the most implicit reliance upon the truth of every word he read in print, that, read- ing in a public journal that he had bro- ken his leg, he immediately took to bis bed. Upon being reasoned with upon the absurdity of his proceding, he most pertinaciously insisted that his limb was' broken, and triumphantly referred to the paragraph in question as infallible proof. We are happy to hear that this gentleman is now partly cored of such folly. He admits the soundness of his leg, but will not allow that the print was altogether in error.\ Because,\ as lie emphatically says \ his leg ought to have been broken.\ , FIRST-RATE BUSINESS,—A doctor in Vermont had a son who studied his father's profession, removed to a distant State, married, and went into practice. After a lapse of about three years the father visi- ted his son, and during his visit he re- quested the latter to take him round his ** ride.\ that the might see the extent of of his son's practice. During the excur- sion the old gentleman remarked two new meeting- houses with grave yards at- tached, which the younger informed him had both l>een erected Since his residence there- He also told his father that he had very frequent calls to a distance, from hie regular circuit. Upon the old gentleman's return home his wife asked how him a Fred was doing.\ \ Well—very well— first-rate, he replied; ** he has already filled one churchyard full, another nearly so, and is doing a pretty fair chance busi- ness all about other parts of the country.\ CHILDREN'S CABINET. A BXAunnn THOUGHT. \Chfscl in hand stood a sculptor boy, With hia marble block before him. And bis face lit up with a smile of toy, Aa an angel dream passed o'er him; He carved the dream on that shapeless stone. With many a sharp iucinlon; With Heaven's own light the sculptor shone— lie bad caught that angel vision. Scnlpton of life are we, a» we «Und With our souls uncarved before n*; Waiting the hour, at God's command, Oar ure-drcam pa*»e» o'er us. If we carve It then, on the yielding •tone, With many a sharp incision, Its heavenly beauty shall be our own, Oar lives that angel vleion.\ I DO HOT LOT] YOU VOW, Not many years ago, I knew a lady who had been sick for two years, as you have often seen many a one, all the while dy- ing of consumption. She had one child, a little l>oy. One afternoon I was sitting by her bed- side, for dearly I loved her, watching her with an aching heart, for it seemed as though she would cough her Hfe away. Her little bov, Henry, «at too at the post of the bed, his blue eyes, so like hers, fil- ling with tears to see her suffer so. By ana by the terrible cough ceased. Henry came and put hi** arms around his mother's neck, and said, u Mother, I do love you; I wish you wasn't sick.\ An hour later the same loving boy came in all aglow, stamping the snow off his feet. u Oh, mother, may I go skating f— it i» BO nice—Ed. and Charlie axe going.\* u Henry.\ feebly said his mother, the ice is not hard enough yet.\ \But toother,\ very pettishly said the boy,\ you Are sick all the time, how do you know V 14 My child, you must obey me,\ gently Raid the mother. \ It is too bad,\ angrily sobbed the boy who an hour ago so loved his mother. w I would like to have my little boy go,\ said the mother, looking at the little boy's face, all covered with frowns, \you said you loved me—be good.\ \No I don't love you now, mother,\ said the boy, goingjout and slain- miag the door. Again the dreadful coughing came upon her, and we thought no more of the boy after the cough commenced. I noti- ced teaito falling thick upon the pillow, but she sank from exhaustion into a light sleep. In a little while the steps of men were heard coming into the house as though carrying something; and they were car- rying the almoKt lifeless body of Henry. Angrily he had left his mother, and gone to skate—disobeyed her, and then broken throng}) the thin ice—sunk under the water, and now saved by a great effort, was brought home barely alive to his sick mother. I closed the doors, feeling more danger for her life than the child's, and coming softly in, drew ba«k the curtains from the bed—\ I heard them—it is Henry! Oh 1 I ktew h« went—is he dead? 7 ' But she never seemed to hear the answer I gave, telling her •* oh, no.\ She commenced coughing—she died in agony—strangled to death. The poor mother; the boy's disobedience had killed her. After a couple of hours I sought the boy's room. A Ob, I wish I had not told mother I did not love her. To-morrow I'll tell her I do,\ said the child, sobbing, painfully. My heart ached; to-morrow I knew we must tell him she was dead. We did not till he came fully into the room, crying \ Mother, I do love you.\ Oh 1 may I never see agony like that child's as the lips he kissed ^ave back no kiss; as the hand he took tell lifeless from his, instead of shaking his hand as it always had; and he knew she was dead. ** Mother, I do love you now,\ all the day long he sobbed and crieA \Oh mother, mother, forgive me.\ Then he would not leave bis mother. \ Speak to me, mother:\ but she could never speak a^ain, and the last words she ever heard him say, were \ Mother, I don't love you now.\ The boy's whole life was changed—so- ber and sad ever after. He is now a gray haired old man, with one sorrow ever his, one act of disobedience, one wrong word' embittering all his life—with those words ever ringing in his ears—\ Mother, I don't love you now.\ Will the little ones who read this re- member if they disobey their mother, it' they are cross and naughty, every time they do so a tender mother's heart is grieved by their actions, and they say, if not in the words of Henry, the very same thing—I don't love you now, mother.\ WORK IF YOU WOULD BISE Richard Burke being found in reverie, shortly after an extraordinary display ot' power in Parliament by his brother, Ed- mund Burke, and questioned by a friend as to the cause, replied, \ I have been won- dering how Ned has contrived to monopo- lize all the talents of the family ; but then again I rcmemt>er, when I Was at play he was always at work.\ The force of thi.. anecdote is increased by the fact that Rich-, aid Burke was considered not inferior u. natural talents, to his brother. Yet thr one rose to greatness, while the other died comparitively obscure. Don't trust U> your geniue, young men, if you would rise, but work 1 work! EITIGMA. BT I am composed of 17 letters. My S, 11,15,18, «,- is a language. My 1, 4- 8, is a useful implement. My 10, 16, IS, 8, 0, was a poet. My 7, 5,17,18,8,14, was a prophet. Xy whole was an American statesman.