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'• i \:•_••..•*«•;•• m:',*^v%.-'-r\' ! -'^~ i » •••-V '•:• >y ''•*''*t^y-'. li : i . •'f'-v-j f;~ 1 >|>k rf ,.*,,. * OVA NOB. On* Dojb** per Year. V k\\ \ v, vn« look, do onv pouth, do t do ono . p<'t Jroar, bo juf JAU. W >»r f 60 I 96 y no HID I (X) HOPKINS, N Y. f \OWTPA D \ ( [WrUtru for tfa Atlvano*} •4 -till onward\* wwvufro«th«Hfht, -till iKMirlng, dn »•> uot in hit light, l« proud wU% »* h« «|wcda, toward . In U'H i ^Mv motto In thy ho« won. Htrlfo with mankind \ «'U|or,\ bind looking upward the nutv IN a brca I**' 1 fro^a gulfo. ^ «pt thr murk hi un th<» Hi*h» of time. »h« irrt<at, tl inoA, tht* »«Mtme, r th« fur nutlti I ' wUkhnn'* obtained ; tho light w 'I thfl ftnmmlt IM gala'd. be thj ltk« oa the km* of <mvj mp\*ntly creep __; th> i»eth~-jet h»fc»tuthjt«Jf, to mankind of m>uV-m wealth of the mlad. i with Ukhtfer \oawftrfl\ ahaUtoar iM»art'v'rhM»rilfplltMd»y tlnmtn* are o'er; >• ••••«• <»f trlury. nhf'irrlp thy head nd Ptrth'« iihadows pity angrtly iwnp fe*vd thy hark on thedaen, an ye drift oa the tide— th« wlkl waves nahnlde. i«in, \onward\ >w th« temp<Mt Is paat, looking down on the rv with a beauty serene. fc thus art luring the *lr, alaleaa aaort, th« §ida»h of qfca weary oar,, I' wtwtrd. ' hop* the Or ed aplrit U fre«. Lin. on« some ltocky loftier of the in the iUdwlphia l<edger.l Western wfJdfl H Ixjyortft thh idst otlier and ..«> still, fctaro exists uiarkabli ntural < Lake. Mtrenmfctnd rivers which run ..tt Lake life their sources in the Batun, »n> what is rcmarkablo, * of them tlry their way out of it-— v ure no outltH to the Lake; it re- tlir v\uter*>f several lar#e rivors, .11 iuuiurtllyl>y thoir mountain trib- •#, but. in •< very ftxtenmve degrw \ wntrr« 0 the hike iiK*rease<l dur- tho most ropiouH flow ri^rs. What lx>coan'd of t<i in » (astion solvable only by •rwal luV (»f nuturo, which Iccup -rn wiAn thfHfi cirxuiniMTibcd in (M|iiiliihum, an the samo is an wninnHiirabUi o^under scale watorn uj\ the grout oceans of iveu 4tcH Government survey, plctcd in 1850, is two |l HIKI rniirty one n\iKH i in circum- <'M (ho shore line. Tho storm it IH calltxl, would make it much l*MMm\ This Htonn line is the • which the waters of tho Lake '>v flu- frequent and violent whirh H\v«'i'p over its surface, chas- %e wat< rs in rolling waves far out the xalt nutrohca and sandy plains. nke in olilougj lKjitig altv^ut twice ig north und nouth, as it is wide.— - iirv Hevoral isJaiubt iu the lake, ohxt nirt the viuw of it* whole sur- Ot tliew), Antelope Island is the . It in sixteen miles long, and five irroHH in it* widest part, and it ri- eo thoiisnnd feet above tho level of Kike, Thc«<' islandw are all Himilar p»ari\nre, N<ing long rocky, barren ranging north und Houth ; the thr gonerai counts of all the ntuing in that region. On some of b|imunUi\ inlands are found innumer- [((imnhtieH of wild water fowl, such IIIH, ducks, white brandt, blue her- cortnorantH ami pelican*, and the nrv fM)inetinuw found HO thick upon round in favorite upotg, that i( is kiltie to walk withotit tramping on themi fowls And their food in the and stream* which flow into the A deep dark colored nubstance is ted to the Hhore, whioh on the shore nut renemblcH very Hinall dried .. ,.. und In the water looks like mud • Y \| Ixwh nroved to im the larva) of I x \V n ^ w ' ll>n disturbed it emits a ' ^VHcaMng: mnell. Where they come I queHtiou which has never been perhaim they were wtng<H.l insects into the lake. Th« water of the salter than any other upon the Ithe earth. PeroonH engaged in .nalt on the nhorcs of the lake, say fC 1 buckets of the water dipped IftT the lake and boiled in an open with a nheet Iron bottom, bucket of salt; or, in other in one-third salt. VOL. THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. WASHINGTON, MarcM. Fellow Oitiuitu of the United State* :- In compliance with a custom as old as the Government itself, I appear before VT)U to addresn you briefly and to take Oonsttyutionat oath to l>o taken by the President elect before he enters upon tlu arduous duties of his office. I do not consider it neccouary at present for ine to ctiacuBH those topics abyut which there i» no special anxiety. A presentiment seems to exist among the people, that by tho accession of a Re- publican administration, thoir prosperity, peace and personal security are to \m en- dangered. There is no cause for such apprehensions. Indeed almost ample ev- idence to the contrary has all tho while existed, and have l*cn open to inspec- tion, and it u found in nearly all the public speeches of him who addresses you. There has never been any reasonable cause Cor suck apprehension. Indeed the most nniple evidence to the contrary, has nil the while existed and hae been, open to their inspection. It is found in nearly all the published speeches of him who now addresses you. I do but quote one of those speeches, wheji I declare, I have no purpose, direct- ly or indirectly, U> interfere with tlje in- stitution of slavery where it now exists. I believe I have lawful right to do so. and I have no induction to do so. Those Who nominated ,und elected me did so with a full knovRlodge that I had made this and many aiuilar declarations, and had never recanted them, and \more this, they placed in jmc platform for my ac- ceptance, as a Uw to themselves and to me the clear und emphatic resolution, which I now r#a<l: Bemflved, Ui^t tho maintainance invio- late of the Stntoa respectively the right of each State to order and control its own floraestic institutions according to its Qwn Increment exclusively, is essential to that balance of p^wer on which the perfection and onduranfc of our political fabric de- pends ; und he denounce the law less in- vasion by armed forces of the soil of any State or Tern'tory no matter under what pretext, as tne greatest of crimes. I now reiterate these sentiments, and in doing so I only press upon the public at- tention the most conclusive evidence of which the case is susceptible, that the peace, prosperity and security of no BCC- tion are to be in any wise endangered by the now incoming Administration. I add too, that all the protection, which, consistently with the Constitution and laws can be, will IHJ cheerfully given to all the States when lawfully demanded, for .whatever cause, as cheerfully to one sec- tion as to another. There is much controversy about the delivering up of fugitives from service or lal>or. Tno clause I now read is as plain- ly written in the Constitution as any oth- er of its provisions: \ No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall in consequence of any law or regulation therein l>e discharged from such service or labor, but shall be deliveree up on claim of the party to which such service or labor may nc due.\ It is scarcely questioned that this pro- vision was intended by those who made it, for the reclaiming of what we call fugi- tive slaves; and the intention of the law giver is the law- AH members of Con- gross swear their support to the whole Constitution, to this provision as well as any other. Bo on the proposition that the slaves whose cases come within the terms of this clause shall l>o delivered up, their oath is unanimous. Now if they would make the effort in good temper, could they not with equal unanimity frame and pass laws by means of which to keep that unanimous oath ? There is some difference of opinioh whether this clause should be enforced by national or State institutions, but surely that differ* enco Is not a material one. If the slave can be surrendered, it can be of littWj consequence to him or others by which authority it is done, and should any onOj in any case, be content that his oath shall go nnkept, because of really unsubstan- tial controversy as to how it shall be kept. Again in any law upon tho subject, ought not all the safeguards of liberty known in civilixed and human jurispru- dence to be introduced so that a free man IKJ not in anr case surrendered as a slave, nnd might it be well at the same time to provide by law for tho enforcement of that clause in the Constitution which guarantees that the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privilges and immunities of citizens of the several States? I take the official oath to-day with no mental-reservation, and no purpose to construe the constitution or laws by any OGDENSBURGH, FRIDAY, MARCH 8, 1861. NO. 1. hypocritical will; and while I do not choose now to specify particular actu of Congress as p/oper to be enforced, I do suggest that it will be much safer for all, both in official and private stations, to confess to and abide by all those acts which stand unrQpealed, than to violate any of them—trusting to finally in hav- ing them held unconstitutional. It is 72 years since the first inaugura- tion of a Progidedt under our national constitution. During that period 15 dif- ferent and greatly distinguished citizens have administered the executive branch of the Government. They have conduct- ed it through many perils, and generally with great success; yet with at) this scope for precedent, I now enter upon the same task for the brief term of four years, un- der ^ruat and peculiar difficulties. A dis- rupt IOU of the Federal government, here- tofore only menaced, is now formidably attempted. I hold that in contemplation of universal law, and of the constitution, the Union of these States is perpetual, as implied, if not expressed in the funda- mental law of all national governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper had a provision in its organic law for its own termination. Continue to ex- ecute all the express provisions of our National Constitution, and the Union will tndure forever, it being impossible to des- troy it except by some action not provi- ded for in the instrument itself. Again, if the United Stutcs l>e not a government proper, but an association of States in the nature of contract, can it, as a con- tract, be peaceably severed by less than all the parties who made it. One party to a contract may violate it, but does it not require all to rescind it t Descending from these general principles We find the proposition that In legal con- templation the Union is perpetual, affirm- ed by the majority of the Union itself.— The Union is much older than the Con- stitution. It Was formed in tact by the articles of agreement in 1774, It was matured and continued in the declaration of Independence in 1776. It was further matured, and the faitV of all the then 18 States expressly guaranteed that it should t>c perpetual by tho articles of the con- federation in 1778. finally in 1787, one of the declared ob- jects for ordaining and establishing tho Constitution, was to form \a more perfect Union.\ But if the destruction of the Union by one or a part of the States be possible, the Union is less perfect than be- lorc the Constitution, and has less of the vital elements of perpetuity. It follows from these views that no State, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union, and that resolutions to that ef- fect are void, and acts of violence in any State againat the authority of the United States, aro revolutionary, according to circumstances. I therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and laws, the Union is not broken up, and to the extent of my ability I shall take care, as the Con- stitution expressly enjoins upon me, thai the laws of the Union are faithfully exe- cntcd in all of the States. In doing this I deem it to bo only a simple duty on my part. I shall perform it as far as practi- cable, unless my rightful mastery the peo- ple, shall withhold their requisition, or in some authoritive manner direct the con- trary. I trust this will not be regarded as n menace, but as a declaration <that the purpose of the Union was that It should defend and maintain itself. In doing this there need be no blood shed, and there shall be none, unless forced upon the Na- tional authorities. The power confided to me will be used to hold, occupy and possess the property and places Irclonging to the Government, and collect the duties on imports, but be- yond what may l>e necessary for those ob- jects, there will be no invasion, no using foree against a State, or among the peo- ple anywhere. Where hostility to the United States shall be so great and uni- versal as to prevent the resident citizen from holding federal offices, there will be no attempt to force obnoxious strangers upon the people. While the strict legal right of tho Government may exist, to enforce tho exercise of the officers, the at- tempts to do so would be so irritating and impracticable, withal, that I deem it bet- ter to forego, for the time, the uses of such onices. The mails, unless repelled, will continue to be furnished in all parts of the Union; so far as possible the peo- ple everywliore shall have the sense of .security most favorably to calm thought and reflection. The course here indicated will be followed unless current events may require a different course, where the best discretion will be exercised, accord- ing to the circumstances actually existing, with a view and hope of a peaceful solu- tion of the national tronblea, and restora- tion of fraternal sympathies and affec- tions. That there are persons in one section or another, who seek to destroy tile Union at all events and are glad of any pretext to do it, I will ndthet affirm or deny, but if there be such, I need not address a word to them. To those, however, who really love the Union, may I not speak before tbdy enter upon so grave a matter as the destruction of our national fabrics with all Its benefits, memories and hopes f Wtftid H *ot be well to find out wfrt we do nt WTlFyou regard so desperate a step wlrlle there is any portion or the ills ton fly from that have no real existence. Will you while the ills you flv to are greater than all the aeal one you ny from. pake so dremdfUl a mistake, while all profess to be content in the Union if all Constitutional rights can be mention- ed? la it true tnat anv rights plainly Written ih the Constitution nas been de- nied f I think not. Happily, the mind fe so constituted that no party can reach to the audacity of doing this. Think, if you can, ofa plainly written provision of the Constitution being de- nied. Uj by tho mere force of numbers, a majority should deprivo a minority of any clearly -written constitutional wrights, it might, in a moral point of view justify revolution, and certainly shonld, if such right were a vital one. But such is not the case. All the rights of minorities, and of individuals are so plainly assured to them by affirmations and declarations in the Constitution' that controversy can- not arise concerning them. But no organic act was ever framed with a provision so specifically applicable to every question which may occur in practical administration; no foresight can Anticipate, nor any document of any rea- sonable ienffht contain, express provision for all poftsiblo questions. Shall fugitives from lal>or be surrender- ed by national or state authorities? The constitution does not expressly say: Must CongresUjprotect sla/cry in thd territo- ries, or ndt? The constitution does not expressly say : From questions of this class spring all our constitutional contro- versies, and we divide upon them in ma- jorities and minorities. If the minority Wilt not acquiesce the majory must, or the government mutt cease. There is no alternative for continuing the govern- ment but acquiescence on one side or the other. If a minority, in such a case, will secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent which will in turn divide them, for a minority of their own body will secede from them, when a majority refuse to be controlled by such a minority. For instance, why not any portion of the new confederacy, a year or two hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as a portion of the Union claim to secede from it? AH who cheridh disunion sentiments are now being educated to the exact tem- per of doinp this. Is there such perfect identity in interest among the States that compose the new Union as to produce harmony only, and prevent roiiewed se- cession ? Plainly the idea of secession is the essence of anarchy. A majority held in restraint by Constitutional checks and limitations, and always changes easily with deliberate changes of popular'opin- ions and sentiments, is the only true sov- ereign of a free people. Whoever re- jects, does by necessity fly to anarchy or to despotism. Unanimity is impossi- ble. The rule of a majority as a perma- nent arrangement, is wholly inadmissible, so that rejecting the majority principle, anarchy or despotism is all that is left. I do not forget tne position to be assumed by some, that Constitutional questions are to be decided by the Supreme Court. Nor do I deny that such decisions must }>e binding in any caite to the parties to the suit, as to the object of the suit ? •which they are entitled to very high re- spect and consideration in all parallel cases, by all other departments of the Governments; while it is obviously pos- sible that suqh a decission may be errone- ous in any given case, still the evil effect following it being limited to that particu- lar cases wiA a chanoe that it may be overruled and never become a precedent for other cases, can better be borne than could the evils of a different practice. At the same time, the candid citizens must confess that if the government upon the vital question affecting the whole peo- ple is to be irrevocably fixed by the de- cisions of the Supreme Court, the instant they are made in the ordinary litigation between the parties in personal* actions of the people who cease to be their own sovereign, if to that extent they practicaf- ly resign their Government into the hands of that tribunal. There is not in a dissent any assault upon the candor of the judges. It is a duty, from whioh they may not shrink, to decide causes commonly bro't before them, and it is no fault of theirs if their decisions are turned to political pur- poses. One section of our country believes slavery is right and, ou^ht to be extended, while another believes it wrong and outfit not to be extended. This is the question in dispute. The Fugitive Slave law and the law for the suppression of the Slave Trade is as well enforced as in Rny case where the the moral scnae of the people imperfectly supports the law itself. The foreign slave trade, however imper- fectly suppressed, would be ultimately revived without restriction, in one section, While fugitive slaves, now only partially surrendered, would not bo surrendered at all by the other. Property speaking, we cannot separate, we cannot remove our respective sections from each other, nor build an impassable wall between them. The husband and wife may be. divorced and go out of the presence and beyond tho reach of each other, Ixut the different parts of the Country cannot do this, they cannot but remain face to face, and inter- course either amicable or hostile must continue between them. Is it possible then to make that intercourse more ad- vantageous and more satisfactory after separation than before. Can aliens make treaties better than friends can make laws, can treaties be more faithfully enforcea between aliens than laws can among friends ? Suppose you go to war, when after much loss on tx)th sides and no gam on either, you cease fighting, the identical questions as the terms of intercourse are again upon vou. This Country, with its institutions belongs to the people who inhabit it, whenever then they shall grow weary of the existing Government they can exer- cise their constitutional right by amend- ing or their revolutionary right to dis- member it or overthrow it. I cannot be ignorant of the fact of ma- ny worthy and patroitic citizen* beinjj desirous of having this national consti- tution amended. While I make no re- commendation of amendments, I fully recognize the authority of the people over the whole subject, to be evinced in either of the rules prescribed in the in- strument itself, and I should, under exist- ing circumstances, favor rather than op- pose a . fair opportunity being afforded the people to act upon it. I will venture to add that to me the Convention mode seems preferable, m that it deems amendments to originate with the pqople themselves, instead of only permitting them to take or reject propositions originated by others, not es- pecially chosen for the purpose, and which might not be precisely such as they could wish others to accept or re- fuse. If the Almighty ruler of nations, with his eternal truth and justice, be on your side of the south, or on yours of the north, that truth and justice will early • prevail, by the judgment of this great tribune of the American people. By the frame of Government under which we live the people have wisely given- to their public servants but little power for mis- chief, and have with equal wisdom pro- vided for the return of that little to their hands at short intervals. While the people maintain their virtue and intelligence, no Administration, by any extreme of wickedness or folly, can very seriously injure the Government in the short space of four years. My coun- trymen, one and all, think* calmly upon this subject. Nothing valuable can be lost by taking time, it there be an object to hurry any of you in hot haste to a step which you will never take delil>erately— that object will l>e frustrated by taking time; bat no good object can be rrustated by it. Such of you as are now dissatis- fied, Btill have the Constitution unimpair- ed, and the laws of your own framing un- der it. which, for a while, the new Admin- istration, has no immediate opportunity to change if it would. If it were admit- ted that you who are dissatisfied hold the right to side in this dispute, there is still no room for precipitate action. I understand a proposed amendment to the Constitution which, however, I have not seen, has passed Congress to the effect that the Federal Government shall never interfere with domestic institutions of States including that of persons held to service, to avoid misunderstanding. What I have said I depart from my purpose not to speak of particular amendment that in holding such a pro- vision to be implied in Consti- tional law. I nave no objec- tion to it being made express and irrevocable. TJie Chief Magistrate at present de- rives all hiB authority from the people and they have conferred upon him to fix the terms for the separation of the States. The people themselves can do this if they choose, not the Executive, if he has anything to do with it. His duty is to administer the present Govern- ment as it came into his hands, and to transmit it unimpaired by him to his successor. Why should tfcere not be a patient con- fidence of the ultimate iustice of the people. I* there any equal hope in the world of our present difficuJUea. Is thoot feitb. t 4rcunj«Unc« naturally existing atluch V&w and nope of the peaceful solution of national troubles and restoration of fi%tarml sympathies and affections, physically speaking we cannot Separate, we cannot remove our respec- tive HtutiouH. In conclusion he says: Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reli- ance, on him who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are still competent, to adjust in the best way, all our present dif- ficulties. In your hands, my dissatisfied fcllow citizens—mistaken fellow-country- men,—and not in mine—is the momentary issue of civil war. The Government will not asnaij JUQ. , Xou can Jiave no conflict without being youreelven the aggressors. You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the Government, whilst I shall have the most solemn one, to preserve, protect and defend. I am loath to close. We are not enemies but arc friends, we must not l>e enemies though passions may have the upper hand, it must not break our cords or union. The mystic cords of memory from every battle field and every patriot grave to every heart and hearth-stone all over this broad land, will yet serve us, and the Union will again touch as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. IBB OABTjrST. The new Cabinet stands as followB: Secretary of State W.H. SKWABD, of If. T. Secretary of the Treasury. .fB. P. CHAM, of Ohio. Secretary of War SIHBOM CAMROK, of Peno. Secretary of the Navy GIDBOH WZLXA, of Coafci Attorney General SDWAAP BATKI, of Mo. Poetmaiter General.. MOXTUOKKBT BLAIR, of Md. Secretary of the Interior,CAX.B» B. SHITH, of lad. WTOWH Alhmuj, ALBAKT, March S. The Atlas A Argus attacks the message, as rambling and disjointed, and insti- tuting civil war. It says: Mr. Lincoln assumes the responsibility of revolution- izing the federal government, and mak- ing it an instrument of force instead of opinion. True he says that the responsi- bility of civil war will rest with the dis- satisfied states. He will undertake with the army and navy to capture forts and collect revenues in those States, and if the people resist they will be treated as insurgents, and will be regarded aa commencing civil war. It takes further position in favor of the unbending decis- ions of the Supreme Court.— President Lincoln is guilty of usurpation, and places himself on a platform of a higher law instead of tbc Constitution.— It says if he will pledge himself to maintain the rights of Southern citizens to their property in the Territories, North- ern eitifeens of all purtfc» will wtstain him in defending federal property. The Evening Journal in entirely satis- fied, and it lauds the Jbaaugural highly, aa sdur^ conservative and patriotic. It says no message was ever received with greater favor, and is universally conceded to be alike, clear, compact and impressive —equally firm and conciliatory. Every sentence bears the impress of a pure and exalted patriotism, and affords unmis- takable evidence of bis purpose; they go to the very verge of his constitutional duty to reconcile conflicting interest, to restore harmony to the Union, and to bring back the seceding States, to prove their allegiance to the Republic. Mnmlctpal TBOT, March 5. George B. Warren, Jr., Democratic can- didate, was elected Mayor of this city to-day. The Union men elected Assess- or, Justice, and a majority of the Council. BOMS, March &. Giles Hawley, Democratic candidate for Supervisor of this town, was elected to-day by 800 majority. Last year the Republican candidate had 50 maj. I«OOKPORT, March 6. The Charter election which took place in this village yesterday resulted in the election of the entire Republican ticket. Republican trustees all elected by an average majority of 120. UTICA, March f. Oneida Co.—13 Republican and IS Democratic Supervisors elected. Oswxoo, March 5. At the Charter election today, Hon Henry Fitchugh, Republican, elected mayor by 851 majority over all Report cityward and officers elected except over- seer of tne Poor. The majorities show Republican gain since last fall. Fire. DUKD«, N. Y., March 7. The second disastrous fire this winter occurred in this place last night, over 50 buildings were destroyed, and only one store left in the town. - Tfc© r«eltm#; In Artran—, FO*T SMITH, March 6. This city, heretofore strongly Union, haft, since the reception of Lincoln's In 1 .tigural quite reversed its political senti- ments. Citizens consider it a declaration of war, and prominent men, hiterto for the Union, have advised members of the Convention to go for the Secessionists. Fir*. f^, March S. The liquor establishment of H. Kflfmer & Bro., was destroyed by ire Yesterday afternoon, boss 1*0,000^,;,The store of L. Herby, commission mtMaant, adjoin- ing, was damaged to if|pt of $2,600. ^.\-'%i-i' f\
