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THE NEVV-YOEK TBIBUNE. NEW-YOEK, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1853. fn , TO CORRESPONDENTS. therwise, J . C. D onald , Bloomington.—Theto ate sis or eight Bloemingtons in the Hnitod States. ________ ^_____________ The meetiDg last night, at Metropolitan Hall, to rati fy the proceeding of Commodore Ingraham, in the Koazta affair, was a splendid demonstration. The floor was filled with men, and the galleries chiefly with well .dressed women. Various patriotic societies of nat uralized citizens were present. The enthusiasm was complete. There w a s’ one drawback to the pro-- ceedings—their partizan character. The President made a p artizan speech and denounced those who op posed the admission of Texas, and now opposed the annexation o f Cuba. H e applied the term “ rascals ” to such persons now seeking admission to the Demo cratic party. Of course it is n o t necessary for us to express oui’ indignant dissent to the mixing up of the \’lestion whether the defense o f the American citizen esse or in posse he a duty of the Government, w ith' the forcible annexation o f vast new territories, teeming with African bondage. They are clearly distinct, and are opposed to the other, except in the opinions of sham Democracy. A most significant fact took place yesterday. Some of the Democratic prime movers in the aflair, who were to have figured as principals, backed out at the eleventh hour, because the proposed meeting was voted unpopular in negrodom! So, accordingly, Ex-Senator Hale was called upon a few hours before the meeting opened, to fill up the defection-gap! Mr. Hale’s speech alludes humerously to this fact. The people will learn who a re the real friends o f the oppressed. Mr. Hale Was cordially received and vehemently cheered as he The news brought by the Africa does not clear up the uncertainty prevailing with regard to the Turkish question. The important rumor is given, however, by The London Times, to the effect that the Czar has de termined not to accede to the modifications made by the Porte in the proposed terms of settlement. This is highly prohahle, and signifies nothing else than W ar. I t is true that the rumor was n ot entirely credited at London, and that definite intelligence from St. Peters burg was not expected for five or six days, but the probability is very strong that even if this report should prove erroneous, just such a decision will be arrived at. J o h n Y. M a s o n , it is now positively affirmed, has been made Embassador to France. (W e would not be lieve it on circumstantial evidence.) Mr. Mason was a fair average Member of Congress twenty years ago; was made a Cabinet Minister by Tyler after his (T.'s) treachery; was continued in the Cabinet by Polk, and retired with him to private life. H e was never a man of energetic nature or industrious habits; and what little capacity he had is now bygone. This is a most insane appointment, on any theory b ut one. The Pre sident, we must hope, concurs with us in the conviction that Diplomacy, as now practiced, is the g reat hum bug and swindle o f the age, and he is determined—not exactly to ma/ce it contemptible, for that is already ac complished, b u t to expose i t in its true light to the country. Viewing it in this aspect, we decidedly ap prove the selection of Mason as Minister to Paris. TH E DIVISIOBT IN TH E DEMOCKATIC EAETY OE NEW -YORK. Plain men out of our State often profess to be puz zled by the Politics of bTew-York, with their zig-zag, wavering party lines and their uncouth designations. <‘W h a t’s the trouble now ?” is a very general inquiry at present, in view of the fact that the recent Democratic State Convention at Syracuse split into two and nomi nated two distinct tickets, while passing Resolves almost identical in terms and pui 3 )ort. All are aware that this split is the outgrowth of a feud of several years’ duration, patched up and plastered over from time to time, but never thoroughly healed and perpet ually threatening to break out afresh. W e propose, for the benefit o f our younger o r politically less observ ant readers, to give as clear an account as we can of its causes and origin. In the year 1844, the intrigues of John Tyler & Co. had brought before the Senate for Ratification aTreaty providing for the Annexation of Texas to the United States. The country was considerably agitated there by, the predominant feeling in the South and South- W est being favorable, while ini the North and East it was unfavorable to sneh Annexation. Mr. Van Buran was a candidate for renomination to the Presidency hy the Democratic National Convention soon to assem ble at Baltimore,—and, being required to define bis position with regard to Texas, came out decidedly against Annexation without the prior assent of Mexico as an act of bad faitb, aggression and hostility. The delegation to Baltimore from this State had already been chosen, and instructed to support the ex-Pres- ident’s renomination; hut there were a good many among ns who, even prior to and apart from the Texas question, were averse to having him again re nominated. In this crisis, a great Anti-Texas meeting was held in our City, wherein the leading friends of Mr. Van Buren were active and conspicuous. Silas Wright, who was regarded MB the devoted friend of Van Buren, was decided and effective in procuring the rejection of Tyler’s Annexation Treaty by the Senate. In view o f these facts, when the Baltimore Convention met, many pro- Texas Delegates who had been instructed to vote for Mr. Van Buren, went decidedly against him, and, though h e had a majority o f votes cast on the first bal lot, his nomination was prevented by the “ two-thirda rule” just before adopted; big vote steadily fell off on the succeeding ballots, until a t last Col. James K. P olk of Tennessee—an avowed, unequivocal champion of Annexation—^wac nominated for P resident, and a reso lution passed recognizing “ the rgannexation o f Texas” as one o f the leading aims o f American Democracy. The friends o f Mr. Van Buren, though beaten a t Bal timore, were still dominant In onr S tate. They could eMilyhave defeated Folk had they seen fit. But, after some deliberation, a manifesto appeared bearing the •signatures of Benj. F . Butlef, Jolm W . Edmonds and •ffther magnates in the Tan Buron household, advising their followers to support P olk for President, but take «we at the same time to elect Members of Congresg Who would oppose Annexation upon any conditions akin to those assented to by Tyler. This manifesto feeling in the anti-Van Buren wing of the party (which had grown rapidly in this quarter since y ^ s defeat at Baltimore), and was more decidedly -of mnnv nv ^ Still, go sttoug wag the aversion that +hf« Democrat# to Annexation fair share o f its territory to Free Iiabor democracy was lair snare 01118 lerm o ry to XTee L abor; and a great M ass Convention of the Van Buren Democracy was h d l a t Herkimer late in the autumn, which undertook to pledge the p arty to resist Annexation, except on con ditions which shoidd secure to the Free States an equal participation with the Slave-holding in the territories thus acquired. Under these pledges, the State was carried for P o lk by 5,000 and for W right by 10,000 ma jority. Col. P olk was elected and Texas annexed; W right being thus taken out o f the Senate, and his place and TalJmadge’s (who had also resigned) filled by Gov. Bonck with H. A. F o ster and D. S. Dickinson^both be longing to the anti-Van Buren and pro-Texas wing of the party. No conditions in favor of Free Soil were insisted on by them, and none were imposed. By the influence and power of Col. Polk, though before ho had been inaugurated, Texas was p u t through and opposi tion in the party silenced. Then (1846) followed the W a r with Mexico, and the attem p t (1847) to g rant the President $3,000,000 wherewith to negotiate a peace, which was defeated hy the Proviso appended in the House on motion o f Sir. Wilmot, o f Pa., importing that all territory to he acquired from Mexico by the con templated Treaty must be and remain F ree territory. Nearly or quite all the Members from this State voted for this Proviso. The mefeting of the Democratic State Convention tho ensuing F all (Oct. 2, ’47) was the occasion of an ani mated contest. Several questions were commingled in the struggle, h u t the main issue was the predlominanco or decadence of the Van Buren dynasty. There were several contested seats,*and two or three days were spent in settling them, h u t the anti-Van Buren o r Hun ker wing gained the ascendancy, p u t Robert H. Morris in the chair, and nominated a full Hunker ticket.^ They reflised to take any action respecting Slavery, and laid on the table the following Resolve, submitted by D. Dudley Field of this City and sustained by the Van Buren minority,—^viz.; Resolved That while the Demoeiacy ofNew-York, Tejpreiented la this Conrention, w ill faithfully adhere to a il the compromiaea of the Cocatitutiou, and maintain a ll the reserved rights of tuoi States, they declare, since the criais has arrived when that qneation must he me^ their uncomproinishig hostility to the extension o f Slavery into terri tory now free, hy any action of the Government of the United States. Upon the virtual rejection of this Eosolve by tho Hunker majority of the State Convention, the Van Buren o r Barnburner minority withdrew in a body, leaving the Hunkers to finish up their business and ad- iourn at leisure. The minority refused to be governed by the action o f the Convention, and callcdl another of their own, which m et at Herkimer on the 26th of Oe- toher—a few days before tho F all Election. Churchill C. Cumbreleng presided; David Wilmot made a speech; and John Van Buren, David D. Field, John Cochran, Ben. Welsh, Jr., J. W. Nye, Geo. Eathbnn, James F. Shenill, John P. Beekman, James H« Titus and nearly all the other Barnburner (now Soft) leaders were members. This Convention passed nnauimously the F ree Soil Resolve rejected by the Hunkers at Syracuse, declaring it “ an inseparable element of the “ creed of the New-York Democracy,” pledged the party to vote for no candidate not standing on that platform [as it was notorious that the Democratic State Ticket then in nomination did n o t] and added the following excellent propositions: deed, Ilia t we believe in adopted by the Congrf ss of the Confederation in 1787, which prohib ited Siavexy in the territory north-west of tho Ohio; and that tho Congrf £3 of the United States, being clothed by the Co’ostitution with power tomalce all needful rules and regulations respectiug tho terri tory teloHfemg to the United States, it becomes tho du^y* o f that branch of the Gevemment to adhere to tho policy hy the fathers of the republic, and thus insuro to all new territories the progress in arts,improvements,and enterprise which has diatinguialiedtbo Korth W estern States,fcc., &c. In the Address accompanying these Resolves—re ported hy John Van Buren and unanimously adopted— the Demccratic Ticket nominated by the Hunker ma jority at Syracuse was repudiated in the foUowinu term s: to vote as they vwst da uheai no ree, ISee Ev e. P est, Oct.23, 3£47.] The broad hint thus given was fully and heartily re sponded to. The Barnbumors either voted the Whig ticket or did not vote at a ll; and the Whig State Offi cers were elected throughout by from 25,0100 to 30,000 majority, throwing the Canals into Whig hands, while three-fonrths of the Senate and two-thirds of the As sembly elect were also Whigs. Ko such clear ma jority was ever obtained by the Whig party of this State in any other election. The split thus made was still widened the next spring, when Delegates were chosen to represent this State in the Democratic National Convention at Balti more. The State Central Committee appointed by the Hunker majority at Syracuse issued a call for the elec tion of Delegates hy Districts, which was obeyed by their disciples. The Barnburners repudiated this call as unauthorized and invalid, and held, u nder the auspi ces of their own State Committee, a State Con vention at Utica, Feb. 16, 1848, expressly to appoint Delegates to Baltimore. John Van Buren, George Rathbun, Henry S. Randall, John Tracy, Wilson G. Hunt, &e.,appearedhere as Delegates. Preston King, Wm. C. Crain, Martin Grover, (now up for Attorney- General) and William C. Dryer, (now candidate for State Prison Inspector) were appointed Delegates to Baltimore. George Rathbun made a speech, wherein he avowed his decided preference of Zachary Taylor to Lewis Cass for next President, which (says The Evening Post) was received with applause. D. D. Field’s Wilmot resolution, rejected by the Hunkers at Syracuse, was unanimously p assed; and, in view o f P res ident Polk’s last Message, recoinmending Territorial Governments for New-Mex^co and California, it was Resolved, That onr Senators and Representatives in Congress be requested to use their h est eiForts to insert into any act or ordinance, establisLiag any and all euch proviaional o r territorial governmj“n t or [egations, thus chosen under antagonist organizations, went to Baltimorcr where every effort made to harmonize them proved abortive. The Con vention offered to admit both, which the Burners would not agree to. They would be recognized as the sole representatives o f the New-York Democracy, or they would holt. They were not so recognized; Gen. Cass was nominated; and they bolted. They came home and held a State Convention, wherein Cassi was rejected and Van Buren nominated against him. And they went into the canvass with a determined purpose to beat Cass and the Hunkers any hOw—which they did. On the 18th July, 1848, the Barnburners o f this city held a great meeting ia tho P ark. On motion of Ben jamin F. Butler, Stephen Allen was called to tho Chair. Robert B. Boyd nominated a long list of Vice-Presi dents, among them Isaiah Rynders (whoi now figures as unoriginal H u n k e f^a genuine Hard, but not Hard enongli’for tUe Hards of o ar day;) and Robert Kelly, (now Soft candidate for Controller, and also represented as a Cass ipan by those who know better,) with several others, who now pretend to have been Hankers all through. Encouraging letters were read from John A. Dix, Preston King, Marcus Morion, John Tracy, &c. John Cochran (now Surveyor of this port) pre sented the Resolutions, which wore unanimously adopt ed, among them tho following: Resolved, Tbai we are iuicomproini*iDgly opposed to any “ compro mise,” which, inatesd o f confining Slavery Within narrower llinlts, shall restiict the bounds ofFrecdom; that the Congress ofthe United States has no power, u n d e r the Constitution, to abolish Freedom in is truudation to some •t] On the 13th o f September, 1848, the Barnburner or Free Soil Democracy of o,ux State m et again in Con vention a t Utica, (having meantime fraternized with the Aholitionists proper a t Buffalo,) passed the strong est sort of F ree Soil and Anti-Slavery Resolves, and agreed to run Van Buren for President, vrith Charfes Francis Adams, (son o f J . Q. Adams, and a recent so- cedex-fiom the Whig party) for Vice President. Enoch B. Talcoti o f Oswego (now, we believe, the CoUeotor of that port,) called to order and was ehosen President pro tern. Simeon B. J ew ett, George H. Purser, Samuel J . Tilden, John Cochran, William A. Walker, Henry B. Stanton, Jam es F.^ Sherrill and William C. Dryer were among the Delegates. John A. Dix was nom inated for Governor, on the second ballot; whereupon John Cochran (the same John recently heard from at Syracuse) arose and prefaced by an eloquent F ree Soil speech his motion that Seth M. Gates (a whole-hog Ab olitionist, who had left the Whig party as pro-Slavery some years before) be the candidate for Lieutenant- Governor, which was carried by acclamation, and with thnnders o f enthusiasm. Mr. Cochran being this time Chairman of the Com mittee on Organization, could not well boss the Reso lution bnsiness; so this duty was devolved on our friend, Sanil. J . Tilden, who ground out some excellent sentiments, which were rapturously received,—among others, the following; Resolved, Ubufc Useful Libor—-beinf eMentisV, not merely to tbe inbiistence, liesltb and comfort o f man, but alsotohia bigheathsi^ piueM, bis zuoral and inteUectual elevation—abould a t all timea and in all placet be eiteemed teipectable and bonorabie. One of tbe Meat evila o f Slaverv la the falae degradation of labor, whereby, in Slave countriee, the free laborer is in effect excluded from a ll tboae btanebes of industry usually carried on by slaves. Thus accu mulation of national wealth and tho Tprogtem of civiljzaaon are greatly retarded for the w ant of that energy, intelUgoneo and in ventive skill which result from the competition of freemen Resolved, That h r permitting Iiabor tobe degraded by tbe introduc- tionaud spread of Slavery throughout the extensive Territories of New-Mexico and California, we afaould perpetrate on a ct o f gross in justice against all tho free lahorcra of onr own country, imd of over- populated E urope, in tbia and succeeding generations, who may de- fire to seek for Uicmselves and their familieshomesin those regions. On these issues—^in our judgment well taken and well contended for—-the Bamhumer Democracy o f our State split the Democratic party in two, battled and beat its regular Statenominaiions in ’47, and both State and National in 1848, when Van Buren received, in cluding those of Abolitionists and Free Soil Whigs, 120,000 votes to 114,000 for Gen. Cass, b o t h t o g e t h e r having some 20,000 more than Gen. Taylor, who was chosen by tho Electoral Vote o f this State. W e may take occasion h ereafter to chronicle and an alyze om* B arnburner Democracy in its decadence and obscuration, through the years since 1848, during which it has grown poorer and poorer in principles and richer and richer in spoils. Our object will be, like Gen. Taylor’s in employing tho bloodhounds against the Seminoles, “ not to worry them, b u t to ascertain where “ they may he found.” W e will give them the credit of having never explicitly recanted their honorable de clarations of eternal and uncompromising hostility to any Extension of Slavery under the flag of our Union, the sincerity of which declarations, it is very manifest, will be tested within a few years. W e trust they will prove true metal, and shall count on them in estimating the strength of tho Free Soil force in whatever contest may n ext arise respecting Freedom o r Slavery in Cuba or in Northern Mexico. But whenever Prince John, or any o ther of the apostles, shall be moved to inveigh against the enormity of bolting, getting up split tickets, &c., &c., as treason to Democracy, we suspect some bard-sbelled Adamantine will be apt to ask him how the Democratic party came to he so overwhelmingly defeated in 1847, and hy whom the job was done. HEATH OE PROE. ANDREWS xVORTON. The death of Professor A n d r e w s N o r t o n , which took place a t Newport last Sunday evening, is an event of more than common interest in the world of religion and letters. Among the literary men of Massachusetts, few held a more eminent position, or have exerted a deeper and wider influence on the formation of opinion and the progress of culture in that State. Emphatically a scholar in Lis habits and tastes—devoted with earnest assiduity to the labors of his study—avoiding, the ssenes of public life and the pursuit of popular applause— seeking his highest inspiration in the lettered tomes of the p ast—never weary or impatient in the investigation of his favorite themes—and challenging attention by the sincerity of his convictions and the solemnity of his ap peals—he made a more profound impression on the cir cles in which ho moved, than couldreadily be imagined by those who are insensible to the subtle and potent character o f the scholar’s influence. He did not belong to wbat is called the great world. Seldom was he tempted to take a conspicuous part in affairs. His name may scarcely bo known beyond a limited sphere. He never courted popularity. An earnest and single-hearted man, he was absolutely free from all the arts by which reputation is often won, surrounding a name -with a d e la s i v e celebrity that fades away as soon as th e ' earthly remains are cold in the grave. But still, no one who knew him will be disposed to call in question the singular endowments of his mind, the depth and variety of his learning, and the leading influence which he has exerted on the opinions of the age. The distinction o f Mr. Norton was, no doubt, due, in a very considerable degree, to the accident of time in which he commenced his literary career. More than most studious men, he formed a connecting link be tween the past and the future. Ho appeared precisely at the turning point when the scholastic attainments in vogue since the Revolution were about to ripen into a more generous culture. In early life, ho was far in ad vance of his contemporaries, both in just conceptions of the purposes o f edneation, in sound and exact learn ing, in absolute freedom of thought, in what was then deemed audacious boldness of speculation, and in the command of a chaste and vigorous style. As regards an indignant repudiation of the shackles o f tradition, a proud defiance of the opinions prevailing around him, and an unshaken reliance on his own intellectual con clusions, we shall not be misunderstood when we des ignate him as the T h e o d o k e P a b k e u of his day. His speculations in theology were regarded with equal aversion by the religions bigot, the “ timid good,” jtn d the mental tyrant; but he lived to see them adopted by those for whom he had the most respect, and to be treated as a leader o f the movement, which at first r e garded him as too bold and unscrupulous for success or safety. . Mr. Norton was horn in the beantifhl village of Hing- ham. Mass., in 1786. In that old Puritanic town ho passed his childhood, acquiring a certain qnaintness and primitiveness of manners and conversation, which will be indelibly associated with hifl image in the memory of his friends. Graduating a t Harvard College in 1804, at the age of eighteen, he devoted himself to the study of theology, b u t at the same time continuing and en larging his classical researches. His habits were of too decidedly a scholastic character to qualify him for the duties of the clerical profession. Accordingly, after a temporary residence at Bowdoiu College as te- tor, he became connected with his Alma Mater, first as tutor, then as librarian, and afterwards as Professor of Sacred Literature. In each of those offices, his influ ence was marked and, in many respects, salutary. His thorough scholarship serred to give form and substance to the literary enthusiasm which, at that period, pre vailed at Cambridge. His refined and exquisite ta'ste cast an air of purity and elegance around the spirit of the place. H it determuied antagonism to extrava gance, affectation, obscurity of thought, and inflated expression, operated as a most wholesome influence on the minds o f his pupils. He impressed on them the importance o f clearness'of ideas and o f language, made war on all sorts of pretension and absurdity, and where milder means were ineffectual, demolished nonsense by aCaihUig sarcasm. This idiosynctacy w m not without its disadvantages as a Professor in the Theological School. I t led him to attach too much consequence to mere veriial niceties and refinements. Bi Ms devotion to the letter, he often forgot the superiority of the spirit. His attenuated criticisms were apt to take the place of broad views o f truth. Groping in an obscure corner, he would lose sight of the grandeur and vitality of universal princi ples. Nor was he sufficiently inspired with respect for individual convictions. H e aimed too much to bring his pupils to a common standard—and that thestandard of his own mind. Hence i t required a certain robust ness o f character not to be cramped by his influence. Professedly the champion of free thought, he was the last to encourage i t in others, whenever i t took a di rection in opposition to himself. In 1830, Mr. Norton resigned his Professorship in the College, b u t continued to reside in Cambridge, where, with an extensive and adnurably-selected library, he engaged in the composition and completion of the im portant theological works which have since been wel comed by such large classes of intelligent students. Among these, Ms “ Statement o f Reasons for not Be lieving the Doctrine o f the Trinity,” two volumes on “ The Evidence# of the Genuineness o f the Gospels,” and a treatise on “ The Latest Form o f Infidelity,” are the most elaborate, and have called forth the most at tention. Besides these productions, h e was the author of numerous articles in the periodical publications of the day, some of which obtained a distinguished repn- tion u nder his Editorship. His biographical sketches %f Buckminster and of Charles E liot in the “ General Repository,” as well as the Eulogy on Professor FrisMe, with the Memoir p re fixed to the “ Writings ” o f that admirable person, are among the most chaste and finished specimens o f char acter-drawing in our language. Indeed, in his general style of composition, considered in a negative point of view, Mr. Norton may be pronounced a faultless model. I t was transparent as crystal. The proper words felT naturally into their proper places. If he ever used a doubtfdl expression, wo know not when or by whom it was discovered. His words though never tipped wiih fire, except in the excitement o f contro versy, were surcharged with feeling. In general, Ms literary criticisms, though often severe, were acute and sagacious. Sometimes, as in the case of Mrs. He- maiiB, he was disposed to indulge in undue praise. But this failing cannot Ifi Said to iav e been an habitual trait of his character. In the division which o ccurrred some ten o r fifteen years ago among the so-called liberal religionists of MaBsachusetts, Mr. Norton took a decided p a rt on the side of conservatism. He was the first to sound tbe alarm of heresy, in the body o f Christians whose main distinction was the repudiation of creeds. H e was the first to apply the term to his fellow-laborers which in former years had been so relentlessly applied to him self. His dread of the progress of theological' specu lation degenerated at last into a morbid passion. It took the form of personal antipathy, and tinctured his social intercourse with unsavory bitterness. His op position to the results of German theology often led him to acts o f the grossest injustice, and placed Ms reputation for fairness and accuracy in no favorable light. It seems as if in venturing upon points con nected with this subject, he laid aside the caution, dis crimination, and critical exactness, which in most de partments of learning, were habitual with Mm. He lost his presence o f mind in the ardors of theological contention, and made himself responsible for state ments which will remain as blots on the fair fame of his scholarship. As a man, Mr. Norton possessed many interesting features of character. He was warm in his attachments, though implacable in his resentments. H e never forgot a friend, nor forgave an enemy. To him, the sphere of letters and of domestic life was the universe. He was essentially a man, belonging to a transitional period, of w'hom we shall see the like no more. The disturbing in fluences of which he was, in some respects, the victim, have passed away. He will be remembered by all who have listened to his voice, so sweetly solemn in its earnest enunciation—who have looked upon his featuresj so finely irradiated with the light of thought— who have enjoyed his friendship, u nder however mani fold antagonisms—^with a lasting sense of his powerful individualism, his keen intellectuality, and his high moral aspirations. ’ S A N T A ANNA.’ Appearances make fools of men, and nothing is more false than the language of official compliment. Both these truisms have had ample illustration in the speeches with which the departing and arriving Envoys of the United States at Mexico have lately honored the su preme charlatan who now tyrannises in the Halls of the Montezumas. Both Judge Conkliug, in taking leave, and Mr. Gadsden in presenting his credentials, expressed something like admiration for Santa Anna, and confidence in his Government; and on the suppo sition that they were not only sincere h u t well informed in’their declamation, their speeches have naturally had a good deal of effect on the public mind of this country, For though it may not have been possible to p u t entire faith in these ambassadorial fine words, they still gave some ground for the hope that Mexico might now be restored from her disorders and put upon the path of health and improvement. But it seems that they were delusive, and that to entertain such a hope would be folly now more than ever. The disclosures iu regard to the p resent state of Mexico which publish in ano ther column, and which, though possibly exaggerated in some details, bear on their face the evidence of sub stantial truth, leave no doubt on that head. It seems according to the statements furnished by The Picayune, that the administration of the dictator is as deficient in the elements of internal strength as it has proved in the origination of measures of public policy. Neither the confidence of the masses, nor the cooperation o f influential men, nor financial resources, nor a powerful army can be counted among its means of duration; conspiracies wide-spread and constantly re curring abound against i t ; persons of mark are daily imprisoned or banisbod for being implicated in them ; and even the 12,000 men in arms who con-' stitute the efficient force of tho Dictator, are said to be ready on any promising occasion to desert his standard. At the same time he manifests an extraordinary inertia, and a singular care lessness \^yith regard to his own precarious position; whether because he Is only playing a p art prophratorj)' to some new coup d ’etat in the future, o r because bethinks there is no other man in Mexico to compete with him for the fiupreme power, it is impossible to say. The fact) hOWeverj is the same in either case, and this is, that the work of social dissolution rapidly advances and that the recovery of the nation from it manifold diseases, long improbable, is rapidly becoming im possible. It is a dreary and touching spectacle, that o f a whole people lapsing from bad to worse, the victims o f evil laws, false institutions, unfortunate traditions, and sel fish men. When i t will end and where i t will end, no prophet can predict,—whether the confiscation of the church and the dispersal o f that now compact masa of property, whether a civil war waged by petty chieftains, o r new experiments in despotism, will form the end o f the present and the beginnmg of a b etter era, only conjecture can assert. W h ether continous decay or sudden catastrophe will wind up this strange, eventful history, lies beyond any foreknowledge of onrs. But the calamity is one in which the people of the United States must feel a vital interest. In truth no ardent Mexican p atriot can desire health and pros perity for Mexico more earnestly than it must be d e sired by every intelli^nt and forecasting citizen o f this .country. I t is a question o f g reat moment whether we shall h are a wholesome, progressive, well educated and indepeadent^oplo for our qext uoighliors, o r a mass Ministers in the Eozsta matter, says it is probably correct, and French Ministers 6b- of incongruous, impracticable barbarians. But the melancholy truth seems to be that all the tendencies of Mexico, u nder h e r present rulers, are toward the lat ter, not the former state. THE LATEST NEWS, RECEIVED BY TELEGRAPH. AFFAIRS AT THE CAPETAL. Special Ditpatdt to The Y. Tribune. WASHmGTON, Wednesday, Sept. 21, 1353. The National Intelligencer copies The Tribune’s dispatch about the protest of the Analrian, Russian and Prussian and adds, a rumor tiiat the English ^ have also protested. Any such rumor is wholly nnfoanded. What England and France may do is yet in the womb of Time. The rumor is as unsubstantial and as unsustained as tiie Earl of Stirling’s claim. It is well calculated and was possibly designed to affect the money meurket—^to depress fancy and other stocks. The Intelligencer is alwayatruth- fnl, and usually cautions and judicion.s, but has been “ sold” this time. The Union, in commenting on Gen. Clark’s charge that President Polk rewarded traitors, says the General was an applicant to Mr. Polk for a high and responsible milite position, during the Mexican war, and that his failure to tain it was deeply wounding to his ambitious feelings. The demand for harmony is increasing, hut the market is bare. Gen. Almonte, Mexican Minister, has received advices that-gold has been discovered on the RioMeseala, on the route of the Mexican Ocean Mail and Inland Transporta tion Company. Thousands of Mexicans are floekixg there. It is understood that Allen decUnes the Chinese Mission. Isaac Davies has been appointed Sub-Treasurer; Isaao O. Barnes, Pension Agent, and E. C. Bwley, Postmaster, at Boston. QtJIS. W ashiiigton , Thursday, Sept. 22 ,1853. President Pierce cannot understand why the “Union” Democrats are less reliable than the “ Hards,” with whom they were associatedfor three yeara as the “harmonious De- “mocracy.” The Cabinet is still a unit, and The Union re flects the sentiments of the President and his advisers. This is unmistakably true. \ Young Rapid,” London Consul, has arrived here. He is rocky Lard. Qtris. The Union, this morning, announces that Senator Shields’s health has much improved, and he will soon be able to attend to business. NEW-JERSEY DEMOeRATIC STATE CONVENTION. T h e n t o k , Thursday, Sept. 22,1853. The Democratic State Convention, for the nomination of a candidate for Governor, met to-day, at 12 o’clock, iu the large saloon of the Temperance Hall. After a temporary organization, and the appointment of a Committee on Reso lutions, the Convention adjourned to 2 P. M. In the afternoon, Judge Naar, of Mercer, was reported by the Convention as President, with a Vice-President from each County, and a Secretary from each District. The Convention, after being opened for nominations, pro ceeded to ballot for a candidate for Governor, and on the sixth trial Rodman M. Price was chosen, receiving 310 out of 433 votes cast. The friends of E. R. V. Wright showed some opposition, and refused to let the nomiuatlou he declared unanimous. Mr. Price was brought in h y a Committee and made a neat speech. Resolutions indorsing the National Administration, the Reform measures, and favoring Legal reform were adopted. MASSACHUSETTS “ NATIONAL ” DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION. B oston , Thursday, Sept, 22,1853. The National or bolting Democrats met in Convention to day in Tremont Temple. The vote for a candidate for Governor was as follows: Bradford L. Wales, 106; Hon. George Osborn, 12; John Henshaw, H ; Heiiry W. Bishop, 1. For Lieutenant Gov ernor—Hon. George Osborn, l i r ; John Henshaw, 2; Brad ford L. Wales, 1; Charles C. Hazewell, 1. Mr. Wales was therefore declared the candidate for Gov ernor, and Mr. Osborn for Lieutenant-Governor. Mr. Bavstow, of Salem, made a very effective and cireum- stantial political statement of the eccentricities of patronage, and pliabilities of principle, brought about by the queer amalgamation of the coalitions in Massachusetts politics— the peculiar influences, financial and literary, communi cative and reservative, brought to hear by the Hon. Caleb Cushing upon certain presses in this community, were al leged, and names and ' ■ ^ eipally alluded to are The Bay State Demos The Union of Newburyport, and TIte Times of Boston. Mr. Cushing was denounced as a Fi-ee Soil Whig. Three cheers were given for the old line Democracy of New-York, who spurned to coalesce with the Barnburners at the Syracuse Convention. With immense cheering for the nominees, the Convention adjourned sine die. MASSACHUSETTS DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION. W o r c e s t e r , Thursday, Sept. 22—Noon. The Democratic State Convention met here this forenoon. J . M. Usher, of Medford, was chosen President, the vote being for Usher 66; for J, S. C. Knowlton, of Worcester, (Editor of The Palladium) 46 ; scattering, 2. Usher and Knowlton are both Coalition Democrats. J. D. Thompson, of New-Bedford, the candidate o f the party for Lieutenant Governor last year, declines a renomiuation. ■A Committee on Resolutions has been appointed, of which D. F. Butler, of Lovell is Chairman. It is understood thatHard resolutions willbe adopted, and IS given. The three papers prin- >crat of Lynn, the Administration fully appi The Convention will not touch the Liquor question. There is no doubt of the nomination of Judge Bishop for Governor. The bolting Democrats will hold a Convention of their own in Boston. Second Dispatch. The Convention nominated Henry W. Bishop for Gov ernor by acclamation, and Levi A. Dowly, of Boston, for Lieutenant-Governor, he receiving 330 out of 406 votes cast. Resolutions were passed pledging the Democratic party to Union principles—approving of the appointment of Caleb Cushing to a Cabinet office—^in favor of the ten-hour law— opposed to British interference with the fisheries—and in dorsing Captain Ingraham’s action in the Koszta affair. Adjourned sine die. THE YELLOW FEVER AT NBW-GRLEANS. N ew -O ri - eans , Thursday, Sept. 22,1853. The total number of interments during the 24 hours end ing this morning was 37, including 20 from yellow fever. A t M o b ile . M obile , Wednesday, Sept. 21,1853. in this city were 18, of which 15 fever. To-day (Wednesday) the number of deaths reported were 16—13 being from yellow fever. On Tuesday the deaths in this city n DESTRUCTIVE FIRE AT MANCHERSTBR, N. H.-^ LOSS $250,000. M a n c h e s t e r , N. H., Thursday, Sept. 22,1853. About 5 o’clock this morning a fire broke out in the ex- tenrive He Laine Print Works in this city. The main build ing, soo feet long, and the L, 325 feet long,-were entirely desiroyed. The stock of De Laines, valued at $25,000, was also destroyed. The hrMge across the Metrhnac was in immihent danger, bnt was fortunately saved. The total loss is about 1250,ooo; mostly coYored by insur- The building destroyed was the printery of the Man chester Printw o rks. The mills were not damaged. Tho insurances were as follows-#100,000 in Boston offices; #30,000 in Hartford offices, divided between the Etna, Hartford and Protection, #10,000 each; #15,000 in the Commercial Mutual of Providence, and #5,000 in the North- western Co. of Oswego, New-York. N ewport , Tuesday, Sept. 20, 1853. The an-aignmentof Wm. R. Morgan andMatthew Morgaa, Jr., for assault on Isaac S. Home, took place this morning in Court, Respondents plead nollo contendere; and after ex amination of Mr. Home, and Beqj. B. Winthrop, for Gov ernment, respondents were ordered to recognize in the sun of #1,000 each, to answer at the next term of Common Plow for this County next month. R. B. Cranston became thair surety. ^ w. w. s. COLLISION BETWEEN THE STEAMER UTICA AND SLOOP JANE GRANT-ONE LIFE LOST. PouGHXXXPSis, Wednesday, Sept 21, 1853 . The steamer UtiVa, while On her pasnge to Catakill last night, came in collision near fhk place with the sloop^^-Jane Grant, by which a young lady, whose aaiae we have not b ^ n able toascertain, waskno<kcd overboardand drowned. Her body was found this morning at Lewishurgh, opposYa thisplac^., Both vessels were considerably damaged, and wme other passengers onboard the Utica were more or lea# injured. ' , ^ UNIVERSALIST GENERAL CONVENTION. Special Dispatch to The N. Y Tribune. C olumbus , Ohio, Wednesday, Sep. 21, 1853 . The United States Convention of Unlvesaribits convened in this City to-day. Delegates from most of the States a n present. B. B. Mussit, Esq. of Boston, was chosen Mode rator, and Messrs. C ourt of Indluta; tndSoBXRTS ofNokr- York, Clerks. The occasional Sermon was preached tins morning hy file Eer. I saac D. W illiamson , formerly of your State, now of Alabama. It was very able, and heartily roceiv^ The weather is cloudy and cold here. g , o . b . C olumbus , O., Thursday, Sept. 22,1853, The Convention has to-day adopted nnanimonsly a rete* lufion against the sins of Slavery, Intemperance and War. A resolution fully indorsing the Maine Law was passed with hut one dissenting voice. The Convention will adjot munion Service. THE NEW-YORK STATE FAIR. Taylor since last spring for the New-York beef market. John R. Chapman, of Madison Co., exhibits 5. Other exhibitors are Ambrose Stevens, Seneca Daniels, J. D ’ Whipple, B. B. Hall, 'Robert Bonner, J. H. Carswell, J. B. Turkman, H. Tolhursii Wm. P. Ostrander, Eiebard Shaver, J. W. Hamblin, John Frumyer, W. B. Sandford, of Vt., Lu ther Comstock, andDaniel Rice. The stock of Mr. Vail, of Troy, arrived this evening. Hcfw many, or What oth« in town ready to be entered, we cannot lea entries of horses mid lowing named persons: 'lony Lockrow, Sai A resolution in favor of establishing a Theological Seml- lary in the State of New-York has also been adop|cd.. Sermons have been preached by the Rev. Messrs. Wil liamson of Alabama, Brooks of Massachusetts, Maarie of NeT^York, Moore of New-Jersey, and Bacon of Pennsyi- n this evening, after the Com- THE CUMBERLAND COAL TRADE. B altimore , Thursday, Sept 22, 1853. The Cumberland coal trade for the past week amounted to 12,628 tuns. We have no mail south of Washington TELEGRAPHIC CHANGE, &o. P h i l a u e l p h i a , Thursday, Sept. ARRIVAL OP THE STEAMER AITOES AT 60STt)N. B oston , 'Thursday, Sept. 22,1853. The British screw steemer Andes, from Liverpool, on the 8th inst., arrived here about 2 o’clock this afternoon. On the 11th inst. she encountered a terrific gale during which, John Maxwell, the second-mate, was washed over- hoard and drowned, and Capt. Hutchins was so badly in jured that he died the same afternoon. LATER FROM HAVANA AND. KEY WEST. C harleston , Thursday, Sept. 22,1853. The mall schooner E. A. Hdailiag has arfiyed hwe with Havana dates to the 13th and Key West the 14th. HAVANA MARKETS. There had heeu more inquiry for S ugar , hut the great icaretty of veesels, and itill higher irei^ta, prevented extensive- operations. The quotations -nrere—White, ordinary to middling, 6i®7ir.; Good, 7i«8; Choice Uorets, 93 9i; Yellows, 6®6J-; fine and snperioc - ------ Brown, 5f®5f; Cucurachos, 4f-®4i; Molsasei, 2^r. hogshead discotiuw Prom Key West we learn that the brig Freeman and cargo had been vffiued at #29,000, and 25 per cenL award ed for salvage. The ship Bennington, from Boston, struck on Delta Shoals on tho 1st, but got off uninjured and without aid, and arrived at Key West on the 2d. The brig Nancy Plaisted, of Gardiner, Maine, 14 days from New-York, was spoken on loth inst., and desired to he reported. No wrecks reported. THE ESTATE OF THE LATE MR. HARRY HILL. N ew -O rleans , Wednesday, Sept. 21,1853. The property of the late Mr. Harry Hill ia estimated at #1,500,000. t h e CINCINNATI FORGERY CASES. C incinnati , Thursday, Sept. 22,1853. e for forgery is progressing at Leba- Prom our own Reporter. S aratoga , Tuesday Evening, Sept. 20,1853. The prospect of a good show is very gloomy. Up. to noon to-day the entries of horned cattle numbered only 127. Lewis G. Morris is tbe largest exbibibitor of blooded stock; bis entry is 25. E. Corning, Jr., enters 14; Reming ton & Botven, of Cayuga Co.; 11; D. C._How, same bounty, 7; Hiram O’Harry, of same Coimty, 5. * Seneca Daniels, of Saratoga Co., has entered 20 yoke of work oxen. John W. Taylor, of Livingston Co., exhibits 40 beeves, all Durham and grades, several of them thorough-bred. This drove are exhibited by particular request of the Society to show fanners a variety of good stock, such as all should breed. They are a superb lot—one weighs 25 cwt., one 22 cwt., 3 years old heifer, 18J cwt.; a 3 year The lot w-ere raised in Kentucky and fed by Mr. fears old grade steer, 22J ler only 53, by the fol- 18; the rain, which has continued ^ day, and is still ft ing, at 9 o’clock, keeps hack this class, so it does all < mestie products. There are very few articles here fr( mestic products. Thi New-York City. Jo; their wares—iron Sixty coops. The Show £ With a\ ■ are very few a mes & Beebe have a § show of 1 5 </£ themheauti- , lomestic manutactures, &c., s wo-story business office, in which ; B Fressress arere furnished.mishc There is a a fn _ pines within the inclos pleasant in such weath< i become of the r should eontini her as we have had this month. Pair have miscarried, and of them ’S s nobody, to-morirow The land is poor? and as a m a ttfrW le people, many of them, like the land. Suppotet we have the next F a ir in Kew-Yorlc City 7 L e t the ety engage the Grystfll Polftce fof tfi# exMhitioii of eyor/-' thing movahle, and thei Forty-fouith-et. Market for tinif Cattle show, and we venture the assertion that no exhil hition has ever equaled what that would be since the fits?, organization of the Society. That part of the State h a f never had but one Pair below Albany—at Fonghkeepsid in 1844—and it is the opinion of many whom we have coi% versed with d ‘ ' are not only < it of ihemam facilities to e ; ___ _ number of visitors tl \ndnd iff th(he - • A i t S well do, to all the 5ll do, to all t world outside of the State as well as h it, there would he the greatest list of ezhibitors and com petitors for the honor of a premium of the New-York State Agricultural g — ----- -- — - ^ ------ . - - the qaeBtioih ^ -Among those from otiier States here we may mentioh £ ■ the Hon. W. 0. Rives, who is to deliver the address,- the Hon. C. B. Calvert, Ihresident of the Muyland Agrioiil- j V ■ tural Society; Mr. Whitmore, of Baltimore; Gen. Tilgk-.^ ■ man, of Eastern Shore of Maryland; Geo. W . Wilson, af ^ | Malden, Mass., a great breeder of Suffolk swine; Bei^-ji Wheeler, of Framingham; Mr. Coleman, of Angus^\ G a .; Mr, Cooper, of Charleston, S. C .; two Messrs. Coi agita^ HI.; E. B. Nichols, of Texas; Joseph I treal; A. G. W. Jourdan, of La., and many otheri, PB fois ^ate notables, the Hon. John A. King; the Hon. T l C. Peters, of Erie County, Editor of Grower ^ Judge Sherman, Jas. Patton and Mr. Said, of Newfiuig-.B Thuriow Weed, o f Albany; Qed. Viele, of Troy; «nd qper, of Charleston, S. C .; tw( ------------- farmers, of Delaware; B. L. Eldridge, p ■ ■ -|, of Texas; Joseph Doutre, o fM o s f other.
