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THE NEW-yORK TRIBUNE. h ingtoR to. T. ftcra Uiuls’r i. = , p • -a aal \jw ! y \ / ! - y - Tho win*. • o >n . ii-i I no !'.! j iia-y l ■ b. iai,.- h.i t: i • n, ,'ui l BOOH t'.ip 1 r.;i.U the I;:iC:l> \v ‘.j» and tlai? t h&nco To k< i;‘> war.u bv tlu; chose ■vro-v hi have been give : !>. The m 'otoa w ii-ii they chose w Kved Tvi emor made a most appriipiia':- reply—oScilag his good to feicurere notkeotic by tbr ledtotlie-a' n QdCoagitsa, of these them for ll.eir proffer of frieiak-hlp—ospla'medto tliem the objects of this survey, and tried !o convince thorn that onr Govemnuiit would respect their rights—could ad'ord to bo generous—and if their meat and raiment lysrc driven from the plains by the advance of civilkation, poverty would not of necessity foUow, but their wants should be supplied. He took them all by the hand as frbnds, and whatever power he possessed, should be used in represent ing their cases proper!}' to tlie Government. He iinished, and another old man in the tribe came forward and ^ook hands as usual with all of us, and soon commensed his speech alluding in tliebeginnuig to the “Father of fbstiniea” controlling everythir“ \ ' ’ \ ' ~ \hunters kOed more biu.,.*, these great furnishers o f : __ , ___ v growing less in their hunting ground, and yet though they were faithful to every treaty obligatiQn, the Sioux on the one hand, and the half breeds on the other, encroached mpon their boundaries, and up to this time the Groat Fethe^r at Washington had neglected them; throe years ago thmr tribe had been represented at a grand council of all me Indian, tribes on the Jlissouri, and the treaty there ther to what ought and would he the policy of our Gov- im ent to these sons o f the soil, and accepted the v e r y monificent gift which they had so kindly made. Soon after the council broke up and we visited the different lodges of the tribe, saw their process of drying meat, and after an half hour, ourselves and the whole encampment, o'var 1,100, were on our way to Gov. Stevens’ camp. I might here very properly ailade to Jh? circumstance of Dr. .Suck- ley, our surgeon, vaccinating several of the Tii liaaS, and relieving a few others of ailmciits they may ha-.-e h sen sufa- jected'to some ten years ago. Scarce one of liieir men was without a case in his family, and all wished to hive the attention of the “ Great Medit-.ine.” It has struck me probably that my description of these interesting doings,^ of which I have had the good fortune to be a witness, and in which I have participated, may not be Maj. Stevens made to these people, xng of blankets, tobacco, gunpowder, bullets, knlv million, etc. The articles were placed ' ’ _ _llion, e' square, the one side i ing unoccupied or ^ brave. These four i jles were placed in the center o f a dch the chiefs and bravos faced be- fonned. At each corner stood a . At each their reliabh jr stood a in time of resist temptation and praetiec ______ boast, and there they stand, signifying t< above necessity, and that under all cu'cumstanees they are able to provide for themselves. Two of their number acted as judges or distributor*, assigning to each accord ing as they thought them most entitled to them, and each leceived his allotment without a grumble, in perfect quiet- 0 came up the Missouri, had been here s o f‘the party have been crowned with extra- 2 cess; the most sanguine expectations of a most expecting man—Gov. Stevens—have been more ___ _ ____ od. Wehave explored a large section of coun- l i try, taking in the valleys of the Shysune, tributaries of ml James Elver and the Mouse, and the Grand Coteau, &c.. liissouri. The whole of the country north o f the Missouri to the Porcupine, some distance north o f the 49 ‘ is included in onr survey, besides the surve; Ldeut. Donelson ol \ o f data,\ ata,b y whicl attendance o f some 8,000 at our council at Fort Benton the first week o f September. W e are supplied with the best o f lountaina in that month with guides, andwill^ross th e _____ . _________ ____ Bcarcely a doubt. The other party goes considerably to to the north of us, but more lightly laden will move faster, *nd arrive at Port Benton about the same time. This party win be in charge of Lieut Donelson, and along with it win engineers. Anoth< ire of duty.wiU be as- ! q £ formJjit- IhBave ‘ Indian vocabularies; indeed, for some days I h b( engaged on the comparative vocabularies; and bi alresfly in very good train the Crow, Blackfeet and C; languages. _________ __________ THE PACIFIC BAILEOAH. T l i c I f o r t l i c m R o u i e —.u.ov. S t e v e n ’ s S w r v c y . Correspondence of The N. T. Tribune. G aliena , Illinois, Tuesday, Sept. 6,1853. Intelligence from Gov. Stevens’s surveying party has iust been received here. The route, as far as Port the mountain men pred e Fort B( cross the mountains. Indeed, ;t that there will be six inches lenton can be reached, ery much directed nc ilroad Company, which of enow before I Public attention is very much directed now to the great NorlhrKestem Railroad Company, which proposes, to construct immediately a railroad from the mouth of the T6te des Marts valley, (a point on the west side of the Mississippi Kiver, opposite this city,) into the heart of the valley o f the Minnesota Eiver. This proposed road win strike the route of Gov. Stevens, and form a part o f the Pacific Eailroad. A large surveying party is now out on this line of road, and they find the route unexpectedly favorable. The yield o f lead in onr mines is year than last. There will be more worth shipped from this city the currei , crops in this State this year are, unprecedented, and the prices are high for all l^ d s of grain. The destiny of Illinois is now onward. In this city large improve ments are going forward. A hotel is going up larger than any in the State out of Chicago. The Illinois Central Eailroad will be finished to this city early in the Spring. It is now graded and ready for the rails to a point within twenty-five miles from ns. T b e S o u t h e r n R o u t e . The SL Louis Democrat, Col. Benton's organ, copies some recent remarks as to the running o f the Pacific Eail road through Texas and Horthem Mexico, and comments as follows: “ We ehonld be verv unwilline to ororlit the statement hat seems to be various quarters— e a gift bestowed by the m-holding States. It is .or comm< flie circiunierence of a circle, msteaa ot running along the diameter,' as in the central route. Troops and muni tions of war rfiould h e sent to the Pacific coast through a foreign territory, the inhabitants of which are now un friendly, and may be hostile to us. The European pow ers, who are so jealous of the growing power o f the Ee- puhlic, could at any dayunder the guise o f Mexican allies, occupy that country with their armies. In that event oc curring, would a railroad through Mexico, or even on our southern frontier, afford a safe transit for our forces ? “ On the part of Missouri we contradict the flippant ■ “ ~ - - - e, in which the name “ On the part o f Missouri w e contra statement in The Journal o f Commerce, in which the name of onr State occurs, Missouri will not be content with the adoption of the Mexican route. She will use all her influ ence against it for the sake of the nation at large, as well as forher own sake. Missouri sees in the design nothing bnt slavery extension and fiUibusterism. The annexation of the northern nrovinces o f Mexico is inevitably involved e the line would b e graded, ereientv o f the soil on both in t ^ . C( the necessity of owni ifides would b< ders thi n«ghh( not prc; determined to annex Mexico, let us say so boldly, a imitate IheMachevellian cunning of European mplc We recognize \the law of development. Expansion add oi^anie growth, are synonymous terms when applied to the Bepnblic. But it is the most unjustifiable rapacity to am- mtate Mexico while we r— ........... Wundless fertility and e: rdadthi I through our own s in the^hea^ o n i d extent. If we refuse to run the sml, we actually conceive a wilder- a.Contment. ^ Like the forests, main- ------ ;atetrai ----- . ------------- - S S i S S 5 ? S S S . i ¥ . tte coir.r.cntwith an African zone awarmiDg with Ne- NEW-GEAN'ADA. C 'onsiltntionaX R c t h m u . Wc extract the following from the New-Grenadiaa cor- Evening Post, dated the 2d inst. : appointed by the Government for the ....... throughout the Re- forvyard it bo- -enpondence of The Evenr, _ “This is the day appointed by t i-tionion o^thef new Constitutionstitution mulgat o the hew C t blic of New-Granada. From this d- ncB the fundamental law of the lane inset. were read from a stand Court's Exchange. A ba n.ei,ew”S . £ a a , 1 S 1 in the square, in front of Van s is playing national aks, and the sli ________ ^ _____ ^ new decree respecting the relations of Church and State, from a manuscript copy : “1st. On and after this day will close all interference of ““^ional or municipal authorities in regard to the pre- of persons for filling ecclesiastical benefice and in “ ed. Forced contributioi rors bjxvo had difficnlHce to encounter ia the pros'^cu- ticn of their undertakings, such as vVould have dis heartened inch of mei’ely ordinary courage. They have comu’encod in a euiall way with little or no capital; have struggled for years, endeavoring to equal the most favorite articles, and w'hen they have acoomplUhod their purpose, or nearly so, they are mot at the mer chants’ store with the mostapproving remarks, followed by the very unprofitable appendage that the customers will Lave English, or French, or German goods—any thing in fact rather than American productions. Here is a revrard for years o f ingenious toil! And what is the result? Why prejudice is met by what is regarded as harmless deception. Goods made in America are packed up with English, French or German labels, and the fop who prides himself in his suit of French superfine cassi- mere or West of England broad cloth, and who bar probably paid as much again for his cloth as would h'ave satisfied the American manufacturer and merchant in far pro lanufacture of these articles as to have ad perhaps his tailor too, and he is, af- „ what has never crossed the Atlantic or igofeustomi want is t predation of American manui will ■ ter all, wearing what has never paid a shilling o f customs duty. Whait we want is to raise sciatic I S e t e S L l n a “ a\. e L r \ f lo« and in the same maimor as Granadians belong to the order 1 ering prices; and if the consumption of Am erican of tavmen , , , , , 1 goods was largely increased, there isuo doubt bufc that “4th. Churches and chureh property, ond the revenues American manufacturers would be enabled so to in- ^ ^ justice of their ■ aevote m o r i attention to those points of improvement, “ 5th. Uo reli^ous corporation has an official character to new branches Of the trade,^ tO wllich WO ai'O in Ifew-Granada. about to call their especial attention. It is there- ■ * ‘ ■ fore to the advantage of the consumer, as well ai of ^ |;he manufacturer, that these prejudices should. \l'’c institution of ttie Eepublic, wUl be’^fSowed. *7th. The executive power will receive no agent from the Pontifical Government, unless of a purely diplomatic character, and in that case, with the sole object o f treating on international affairs. “ 8th. This article is an e x e r ti o n to the enactment o f this law. The Fathers of the Society of Jesus are still to be prohibited from entering the Eepublic. “ 9th. Certain penalties for offens the free exercise ofCt e exercise o f C atholic worship a n __ , ministers, are made equally binding agai mitted against anir o ther denomination. “ 10th. From this day, no obligatory contribution for the support of ministers or religion can be decreed. The pro vinces are also exempt from the expense o f the support of religion in the diocese to which they belong. 11th. Catholic Churches and Catholic Cathedrals belong ’ the Catholic inhabitants. “ 12th. The State is a' 1 , and the Cl ________ „ B of State. Ecclesiastics of every description, lonks, &c., hold the same relation to the State that lay men do, “ 13th. The ecclesiastical prelates who have been ban ished from New-Granada, are at liberty to retm-n whenever they may deem proper, and the suits against them are tor- “ Given in Bogota, June 15,1853. “ Thus, you see, the political creed'of the immt i is gradually but surely winning its t nortal Jef- to popular ferson ia^radpally but surel^^ winning its way to popular earth, now groaning underpriestly dominatulination, will follow intry, and more lat- BUENOS AYEES. the quarrel wit quiza. The troops of the beseigors had retired from the immediate vicinity of the city, and their commander, TJr- 'quiza, had gone to Entre Eios, to look after matters at home, which were not in the most promising state. It was the general opinion that peace would soon be restored to the people of Buenos Ayres, who had suffered extremely from the evils of a protracted seige. The futme policy of TRIAL OF BISHOP DOAHE. E l e v e n t h D a y . Bishop Doane concluded his reply to Bishop McUvaine yesterday afternoon, prior to the adjournment of the Court. His speech is represented as beinj ful fcfi’ort. He analysed the by point, and managea ms ueiense in a masieriy manner— appealing to the Presenting Bishop for the correctness of his remarks and deductions. He concluded his argument by an eloquent appeal to the Court. This morning the Court dellT quashing the presentmei ' ing a most power- _____________________ _____ ____________ jecrecy was en joined by the Court upon its members, and no information could he obtained upon the important question. The friends o f the respondent and his opponents both appear confident that the result has been, or will bo, in consonance with their wishes; but so far all is wrapped in nneertainty. 1 possibility of our giving any information The Court wHT n o t m eet again until T H E EXHIBITION AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE. WOOL AND WOOLEN MANUFACTHRES. [First Article.] Ever since those good old times of patriarchal sim plicity, when it is said that Adam delved and Hye span— when Man cultivated the soil and guarded his flocks, and Woman, with all her solicitude for the comfort of her consort, formed the first rude fabrics from the fleecy material so abundantly supplied by her petted companions, and when the wealth o f a family was cal culated according to the extent of its herds and its flocks, until the present time, the growth of wool and the production andimprovement of cloth of various textures, have constituted one of the most important branches of ingenious pursuit and manufacturing enterprise. To compare the first results o f spinning, weaving and knit ting with what is now produced by the combination of skill and experience which so many ages have af forded,and to trace the progress of the manufactaring art from its earliest to its latest periods, would be both inter esting and instructive; but in this country, where “ On ward’ ’ is the exhilarating word which inspires the actors in all departments of productive invention, we need only look BO far backward as to find that which will add en- couragenient and force to our wish, that the progress of onr country should he aided by past experience and based upon the rational deductions of scientific investigation. The United States, in the space o f a single century, furnish as ^ e a t a diversity in the articles of dress, beginning with the domestic spinning and weaving, and contrasting the result with the present productions of machinery, as can be found in exploring a thousand years o f old country practice and experience. Many of the early settlers of America necessarily commenced the world anew, and some o f the most ancient customs which had long been Buperseded in Europe, were here resorted to as the first alternatives, while the var ious stages o f progress which other countries had taken many ages to pass through, have been, compressed into a few years, and we ndw find American manufacture in a conirion to compete, in many respects, with Euro pean productions, and aU that is required in most in stances is to remove the prejudice which exists in the minds of purchasers against home productions; and then we should have the demand for American goods so increased as .to improve the oonditiim of oar own manufacturers, and enable them erentually to com pletely supply our own market. What We say is, give American manufacturers a fair chance; do not aL low the old feelii« that certain foreign oonntries are the only places where the best cloths can bo made, to prevent our enoou^ngingto the greatest possible extent the growing laannfitetories o f ow own eoontiy. Let It he remembered that most o f the Ameriean maaufaotn- bited, be led to draw, in somt rejects, an unjust comparisou. Whether it arises from a conscioUEness of superiority, such as defies com petition, or an indifierence as to the American trade W8 know not, but certainly there appears to have been lit tle or no effort on the part of foreign manufacturers to show their enpahilities. The German States have sent a larger assortment than any other countries or States, but their display is more to* ba noted for variety and quantity than for any particular superiority in any of their productions. Russia has been assigned a place in the department o f the German States, and is well rep resented by the productions of one manufacturer. Bil- gium,i however, in a very unostentatious manner, has placed before us some of the finest broad cloths, com bining, as it appears to ns, all the points of excellence which are desirable in this important article of daily wear, and if the relative merits of the six natioa.s, America, Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia and Belgi um are to be judged of by the present exhibition at the Crystal Palace, we have every reason to believe that in the department of superfine cloth, the palm of excellence would justly be awarded to Belgium. It must be remembered, however, that the specimens of extra superfine W e s t of -England and French Cloth which gained the prizes at the World’s Fair in England n 1^1, are not included in the present Exhibition. relative prices of the different articles. We can judge of the quality and fonn our opinion of its relative merits with regard to other articles of a similar char acter; hut unless we can ascertain the price at which such and such articles can he obtained, it is impossible to Bay how far America has succeeded in com with foreign countri< Compai Palace Company, instead of stationing all over the building so many men, who may he tolerably compe tent as policemen, hut who have no knowledge of the articles exhibited, would select freto the various trades, meni versed in the technicalities of each department, w'hoise business it should be to become posted upi in \ le, so as to be able to give dis, _ I perhaps occasional lectures various specimens, detailingdetailing theireir relativeelative vahlue, th r va and erits and defects, they would render school of art and manufiicture, as well as a place o f amusement .and recreatiou. lustsad of being a mere dumb show,^ would become enlivened by the remarks of ivit or wisdom, sijch as the various objects exhibited are so well calculated to bring forth, while the interest and usefulness of the cxhibitioiii would be very greatly enhanced. In examining some of the most important specimens- of woolen manufactures, we have kexit in mini the lowing point.s o f excellence, which, although fiirail- 0 trade, a the uninitiated: I. The good quality of the wool itself. However much care may |^ve been taken in tho cleansing of the wool and manufacture of the article, unless in the first instance, the wool has been selected with care, and with due regard to the quality of the goods required to ba produced, no after process can remedy this first error. The proper assortment of the wool is indeed a principal secret of Euccess in the manufacture of ■vv.jolcn goods; and we recommend this fact to the attention of every American woolen manufacture!'. II. The softness and flexibility of the fabric, and free dom from any unpleasant stiffness and smell, arising from the defective cleansing of the wool in the first in stance. The cleansing of the wool from its original animal oil is an operation in which England at present xcels America; and there is no defeefc which is important for the American manufacturers to I’e- medy than this want of thorough cleansing of thewool in the first instance. It constitutes a principal dift'ereneo between the productions of America and England, and renders the succeeding process of dying far more difli- cult and . • • •- far excels )re impoi liorough cleansing of thewi mstitntes a principal dift'ei between the productions of America a; succeeding process of dyinj uncertain in its results. m . Fq|]|neBS and durability of color. In this hot climate, f a c ia l l y , a fast color is indisponsable, as the excegsive perspiration is otherwise exceedingly lia ble to remove the coloring matter, and the heat and intense light o f the sunshine is very trying to the fixed ness of a dye. 4-ttention to our advice relative to cleansing the wool, would probably effect all that is now desirable in American goods in this respect. IV. Excellence in shearing. Tho length of the nap is an important consideration iu all superfine cloths, and if our American manufacturers would make cloth with a shorter nap, they would he able to produce better results. T. Pc cloth wl piece, a excelled by the l_ fitill for wear, and t of which it is at first p< yet been proved superior ^ goods. One important reason for this durability of fin ish is to be found in the shortness of the nap; because it must be obvious that a cloth with a long nap will be come sooner disarranged by the rain and dust, and wear at the joints o f the body, or where the cloth is subject to friction, than one with a short nap. Bat the most important reason for the durability o f English cloths is their firmness o f texture, combined vrith elasticity and pliability. VI. Solidity or body in the fabric. This element cannot he too highly prized, if it be found combined with the other good qualities we have enumerated. V n . Waterdroof. There are some cloths in which this quality is desirable. It is a property secured in some instances by the peculiar nature of the •wool itself. The natural oil o f such wool, i f allowed to remain in sufficient quantity, renders' it imper vious to all ordinary showers, from its own repelling character. And, although the fabric is as porous as any other, it resists the rain without, v^ile lit permits that free ventilation and exit for the vapors of the body, so essential to . health, and the want o f which ia th£principal objection to the- India rubber material. The same desirable result is likewise ef fected by a composition where the inherent quality of the wool does not answer this purpoae. Vni. Elasticity is like^se an important property in woolen goods. If cloth, when stretched, continue in the same position, and does not again contract into its former proportions, it is Kable to the objection of roper shape in wearing. For insu protmsion when the limbs are st nature of wool itself, which is strengthened when spm^ is a principal presorvaiive against iMs defect, but there are some goods better than others ia this respeoL IX. Buperierity of finish and glossy textnxe: These, by i large elw* o f pnrehgseri, will always be regarded aa ibe prindpal eieinenta of good doth, and eertaioly when tibaM proferties are oouhiaed da- rabUity, and all the other qniUtiea we hare enoiden' lightni thcEe characteristics, and those ^^fllIeh present the greatest number,* combined, will of course come the nearest to our idea of perfection in cloth mauufaeture. The exhibition of woolen goods in the Palace, although not equal to our expectations, presents many features of interest, and the first in order o f production is wool in the raw state, and in the varfous processes of manufacture. There is one case of this character in the English de partment, exhibited by Messrs Burgess & Co., worsted spinners, Leicester. It contains in the first division specimens of all the various kinds o f Iwool used iu the production of the varieties of yarn exhibited jn the other divisions of the case. There is a sample from each of the wool-growing counties of England, viz: Shropehire, Forlhamptonshii-e, 'Worcostershii-e, Lei- cesterehire, Devonghu'e, Herefordshire and Bucking ham shire, as w ell as samples from A m sterdam , G erm a ny and Ireland. These are all in their miwashod con dition. The next division of the ease contains latnb’s- wool in the staple, and in the various stages of manu facture, until finiBhed into single or twofold worsted Another apartment of the case exhibits En< liviBion shows the same processes with German d the last b L ows ingrain, or wool dyed in the id combed and passing through all the pro cesses until mi libited by Met wool; and imbed and passing through intil made into yarn. There is also a case*ex- by Messrs. F. Derby Co., which shows more Hers of the carding engine; 5. Spu into yam and prepared for weaving; 6. Harnessed fc the tredclle -which Beparates the yam for the recep tion of the shuttle; 7. In a woven condition, but still showing the thread; 8. Felted or fulled; 9. Dressed or teasseled,. with the nap raised; 10. Finished black In ihe.«^e specimens there is nothing exhibited of the mungo, shoddy, or “ devil’s dust,” as it has been called in English political debates. And as these ari unacceptable here. We do not introduce it wish to eucoarage the use of these articles in Ame- vare that theyey are gettingetting inti ca, as we arc without such encouragement th are g ___________ ^ ____ it. We believe, however, that if carefully selected and used iu moderation, that shorter nap, of which we have spoken as desirable iu American goods, will most probably be secured. We are aware, too, in speaking of these articles, we maybe c( nsidered ns exposing the secrets of the trade; but dvancei that w( lered ns exposing the secrets of the trade; but as write for public enlightenment, and the .advancement eslic mar 1 saying v tures in this respect. In the somewhat hilly district of Yorkshire, betvveei Huddersfield and Leeds, stand on two prominences thi T. e write for pi of our domestic manufactures, we are sure th justified in saying what we know of English e Railway Company. For such small stations these parts of the world, are brought tlie tattered remains of the clothes, some of which have been worn by royalty in the various Courts of Europe, as well as by peers and peasants. The rich broadcloth of the English no bles here commingles -n-ith the livery of their servants and the worsted blouses of French republicans; while American undershirts, pantaloons, and all other worsted or woolen gc ‘ cemiuen levi of “ rags.” nouncin a i l . . railway is besieged by sturdy looking Yorkshireme who are examining, with great attention, the various bales; some of which are assorted into “ tvhites,”,\ blue Btcckings,” “ black stockings,” “ carpets,” “ shawls,” “ stuffs,” “ skirtings,” “ linseys,” “ black cloth,” &c A jovial looking man of doubtful temperance princi ples, at last steps forward and puts the goods up to auction.. The pirices which these worn-out articles fetch is surprising to the uninitiated. Old stockings will realize from £ 7 to £10 a ton; ivhile wliite flan nels will soiKetimes sell for as much as £ 2 0 a ton and even more. The “ hards,” or black cloth, when clipped free from all seams and threads, are worth from £ 2 0 to £30 a ton. There are common mixed sorts - of cearse fabric, which erfh be bought as low as from £ 3 to £ 5 a tcu; whilst the “ rubbi-sh,” consisting of scsnis, linseys and indescribables, are purchased by the Chemists for the manufacture of Potash Crystals for from £ 2 to £ 3 a ton. - - It will he Been that assorting these old woolens is equally important with the assorting of the different qitalitie& of new wool; and there is the additional Bideratiou off color’slor’s to rendernder assortingsorting stilltill o co to re as s more ne cessary. It is sui-prising, however, with what rapidity ail this is accomplished. There are some houses where old woolen rags are divided into upward o'f twenty different sorts, ready for the manufucturer. The prin cipal varieties are flannels; of which there are “ Eng- “ ihh Whites,” “ Welsh White-s,” “ Irish Whites,” and “ Drabs.” Each of these command a different price in the market: the English and Welsh being much ■W'hiter than the Irish and of-finer texture, are worth nearly double the price of the Irish. The stock ings are the next in value to the flannels, on account of the strength and elasticity of the wool. The peculiar stitch cr bend o f the worsted in stocking manufacture and the hot water and -ivashing to which they are sub mitted during their stocking existence, have the effect of producing a permanent elasticity which no after process destroys, and no new wool can be found to pos sess. -Hence old stockings are always in great demand, and realize for good clean colored sorts as much as £ 1 6 a tun, in busy seasons. The white worsted stockings are the most valuable o f the “ softs” and when sup plied in sufficient quantity, will eg U for as much as very low prices. The rag collt . _______ ___ America would bo sure to find a good market for flan nels and B iockings in England, but the common arti cles would scarcely pay for the transit. The “ Lards,” consisting o f old.superfine cloth, vrill generally realize good prices in England, and should be stripped of their seams and sifted free from dirt, before exporting. We have seen from 20 to 30 Irish women in a room all cutting the seams from old cloth. This is in fact an important branch of the business, and in Liveipool, Manchester,and nearly all large towns, itfinds employment for many hundreds of hands. 'They are generally paid hy the weight o f rags they cut. “ Shoddy,” so well understood in Yorkshire, is the general term for tho wool produced hy the grinding, or more technically, the “ puUing” up of all the soft wool- cloths. The usual method o f converting shoddy, is to first carefully assort them soastosei that not a particle of cotton remains on them, and thei to pass them through a rag machine. This consists oi a cylinder three feet in diameter and twenty inches ■ ■ half an inch apart from each oth- sual methi technically, the “ puUing” u pt and all woolens are soft except the superfine \ ‘ ■ dens into sy in er, when new, one luou. xlUB uynuuoi i.crv*/es500 times m a miMte, atd the rags are’ ^a-wn gradually close to its sum ce by two fluted iron Toilers, the upper one of which is packed with thin stiff or skirting, so as topressthe rags the closer to the action of the teeth. The cylin der runs np-Wards past these rollers, and any pieces of rag which are not completely tom into wool, are by their natural gravity, thrown back agam upon the ^ s which are slowly creeping into the machine. The rollers are fed by means of a creeper or slowly moving, endless cloth on which a man, and in wme mstances a woman, lays the rags in proper qiuimtitieB. One of these machines is eommonly driYO* ® sewn-moh etwpi and. requires at least five horse power. Haff a toa of rags can bo pulled in 10 hours by one of these machines. The t e s t produced, suMeets the w o r k p w p te,w ^ /rst I? i lied,) there is never lings for every 240 lbs o f r:m pnlled any diffieulfy in obtiiining wo: Iipeoxde. Tbe “ Mungo” is the wool produ< the hards or superfine cloths to a similar operation as that above desciibed. The machine, however, for the mungo tisde is made with a greater number of teeth, several thousand more in the same-sized cylinder, and the cylinder runs about 700 revolutions in a minute. The rags, previous to being pulled in this machine, are passed threugh a machine called a “ shaker.” This is made of a coarsely-toothed cylinder, about two feet and a half in ^diameter, ■n-hich revolves about 300 times in a minute, in a coarse wire cylinder. This takes away a large portion of the dust, -n-hich is driven out at a chimney by means of a fan. The mungo pullinir is, therefore a cleaner business than the shoddy making, and, a^f a general rule, is more profitable. The power required for a mungo machine is that of about seven horses. Both the better kinds of shoddy ahd the mungo Lave for some years been saturated wdth oil; but when we were last in Yorkshire, we found that milk had been applied to this purpose, andYound to answer exceed ingly well. The consequence was, that milk had risen ICO per cent, in price, and even in that ^strict, where COW'S are kept in large numbers, it was feared there would he a great scarcity of milk for the supply of the towns. When well saturated -mth oil or milk, the shoddy the mungo is sold to the woolen manufacturer. The lores of nen who every Tuesday to dispose of their mungo. It is a; much an article o f marketable value there, as cloth rs here. It is not unusual for good mungo to reflize ai much as eight Englieh pence per pound, while the shoddy varies in price from one penny to sixpence per pound according to quality. The cpmnion kinds o f shoddy require, of course, to he subjected to the scouring process, for which large wooden beaters, or “ stocks,” axe employed. The dung of hogs ie largely employed in this purifying process, as well as human urine, w'hich is eitehsively used in the blanket luaimfaeture of Y o rkshire, th e w hite sheiady is capable of being used either for itght-colored goods or for the common kinds of blank- fits, while tho dark-colored shoddy is worked into all kinds of coaise cloths, carpets, &c., which are dyed any dark color, so as to hide the various colors of the old fabrics. It is mixed in with new w'ool in such pro portion as its quality w’ill permit, without deteriorating the sale of the material. The mungo is used in nearly all;the Yorkshire super- ,fine clotlis, ami in some very exteosively. It produces a cloth Bcmewbat inferior, of course; to the West of Englfiud goods iu durability, but, for finish and appear ance, W'hen first made up, the inferiority would only be pei ceived by a good jtidge of cloth. The great English slop-sellers, Moses & Hyam, are EiEcngthe largest purchasers of Yorkshire broadcloths. The, effect of shoddy in the cloth of an overcoat in the wear, is to ruh out of the. cloth and accumulate be tween it and tho lining. We have seen a gentleman take a hapdful of this short wool from the corners of his coat. The grounds on which this shoddy and mungo busi ness can be justified, are the cheapening o f cloth, and the turning to a useful puipose, w'hat would be other- •wise almost useless. The business in Yorkshire is dig nified by the title of the “ Dewsbury trade.” And to it, Dewsbury certainly ow-es its wealth, and we might almost say its existence. In 20 years it has grown from a village to a town of some 30,000 inhabitants, and seme immense fortunes have been made b.y this ex traordinary ti'ausformation of old garments into new. Considerable quantities of white shoddy have been sent frem England and Scotland to this country, and a machinist informed us that he had sent several of his l ag machines, so that the trade is not entirely un known here, and it is probable that there will one day ai ise a Dewsbury in the New-England States, which v\'i]l render it unnecessary to send old woolens to England, to he pulled into w'ool, and then returned litre again at the cost of some 300 per cent, above the price given for the woolen rags. The' Dewsbury trade is somew'hat fluctuating, being affected very much by the state of the wool markrjt. About this time last year the 'W'ool market was high in Eugland in consequence of the report that the Shep herds of Australia were all deserting their avocations to go to the diggings, and this had the effect of promoting tbe Dew'sbury trade. So great is the competition in the English markets, that as soon as a rise takes place in the price of neiv w'col, the. small manufacturer.?, in stead of raising their prices, commonly regulate their •expenditure by using a larger proportion of the old ma terial, and they are thus enabled to compete, in prices len manufacturer. 'Thege ind the Huddersfield market of their mungo. It is a stated as follow's: J8J4 ............. ............... 9,3071bnles.|18!G.............................30,219 bales. m o . . ; ....................... 14,607 bales. 1833 ............................ 72,776bales. 1813............................. 82,284 bales-11852............................. 35,114 bales. Spanish wool has been superseded by the German iu the English market, and the German wool is now being superseded by the Australian, and this ac counts for the decrease since 1833 of German import ations. The amount of wool received from Australia last year by the English was 145,767 bales, nearly one half o f the whole importation. The amount of wool sent by the United States to England, from June 30,1851 to June 30, 1852, w'as 5,200 lbs., w'orth $1,600, and to Scotland in the same period only 268 lbs, worth $39; bile Canada sent during the same peried, 49,977 lbs., 'orth $12,627, peratmo from extreme hen their intermerdiate localities on the sides of ver dant hills, are the most suitable for sheep walks. In such distiicts the shepherd can suit his flock accord ing to the season, the weather and their pov/er of en durance. In the cold o f winter the shelter from the strong blast iu the valleys, and as the ivarm weather approaches he can guide his gentle charge to more ele vated plains, reaching near the summits as the hot weather approaches, there to enjoy the cool, bracing, irountain air. The New-England States are the best adapted for isturage, although there is a ;s, Ohio and som« ------- n, however, good far south as Virginia; but tins monntainous districts where cool pasturage can be se lected. Wool-groviing in America is an important branch of agriculture. The scope for its successful operation is' immense, and the choice of locality affords excellent opportunities for useful experiments with the :cellent opportuni differentbreeds of sheep. The demand for wool in England is generally grea than the supply, and it is this circumstance, cornbii with the profitable nature of the business, which ] given rise to the Dewsbury trade. While we have deavored to describe this trade for the benefit o f qur home manufacturers who may have had no opportunity of seeing the Yorkshire processes, we should much processes, The Flannels and Blankets o f the American Depart ment of the Crystal Palace deserve especial notice. There is a case exhibiting three grades of quality in Blankets manufactured at the Rochdale Mills, Roches ter, N. H., by the Norway Plains Company, and placed in the Exhibition by Nesmith & Co. The wool of ti^se Blankets is evidently well gelected and cleansed, coloring at the ends is variegated, and ^ e Blan^ lilk bound. We saw no! ‘ _____ ng in the English Depart ment even, which equals these excellent articles, eith er for whiteness or softness; and although there is a — -mo.nirai.o n-pn gaia to be like _ softness; an^ pair of Whitney Blankets, which those presented to the Queen April, 1851, and manufactured WLitnei DinuaciiB, ------- — to the Queen and Prince Albert in ^ by Mr. E. Early, of le best that can be made rom a variety of fleeces, 0 these Rochester itever may hj however, we must mention a case of embroidered blankets, exhibited by Messrs. Snelling, Parker, Wilder & Co., of Boston. The ends, of the blankets, which appear to be the size for 'children’s couches, are embroidered with a bold pattern of a vine and flowers: one in scarlet and the others in. crimson, green,, blue,, and orange colors. The case being locked,, and no person to exhibit the goods, we ■were unable to feel the quality o f the wool, but judging from the appearance, we ' ” ” * \ b«Bt that could be gelected. The suriace mu M; gay it i» the best that could be gelected. The s is more ^ose- ty gheared than that of ordinary blankets, probably in order to show the embroidery to greater perfection. We have never .seen better taste displayed mlibis de- pnrtment of inftnufacture,it being unusual to omamont _ A ___ _ _ _ n _ ^ Maakets so artlitically. The Canadian department contains some prize biaa- f machinery at the other del umituB oi waiiney oiauRGis, weicu naunem, atu.;. wuir thCir qualities being so well-known w'c need not emhrg® upon them, further than to say they excel onr homo manufacture principally in the qualities of strength evenness or regularity of thickness, and weight; quali ties which must coutinue to command tho market until our home manufacturers have learned to combine them with their own superiority, both in whiteness and reral blau- Franee, ^pplied for exhibition by Messrs. A. T. Stewart dk Co. of this City. These blankets appear to us to com- oine&ll the strong spinning and darability of the WTiit- r blanket, with the softness and finish of the Bochr above referred to. We can recommend manufacturers I qualities most ide of„ good soft I a good blanket, being ma ___ _______ \ool even, free from thin places, strong, w e ll spuu. Closely woven, well carded or napped, prettily colored a t th e ends, pud free from all u n p le a sant smelL Better and more serviceable blankets we have never examined. T h e re is also in the American department « eona-of flannels, exhibited by John Slade & Co., and manufeo- The most approved flannelsj however, are, in our linibn, those in a case sent by Messrs. Dale & Co., o f opinion, those in a _ ____ _________ __________ , this city, from the manufactory o f George H. Gillmrt, Ware, Maes. We have never seen flannels made of finer wool than these appear to be. The case being locked, was inaccessible, but, judging from the ap pearance, we have good reason to compliment the man ufacturer on the unrivaled excellence of his goods. T h e amount expended in the importation of blankets and flannels during the year ending June 30, 1853, was as follows: For. BUnketf. For Flannels. England. ................................................... $963,455 $79,159 SCOtl&Xld ~~ ~ Britii^ Americas Colonies. ....... . ........ d2 C a n a d a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . ’iM 7j«9 Total......................................$1,046,861 $87,4M In our criticisms on these important productions •we have been guided entirely by the principles with regard France on Mediterranean... EToUaiid H k ^ T owd ..................... . . , . _____ lent o f an unbiassed opinion, whether favorable or not to the lienee; and we foundation for successful i nuue, ana une uegreo oi exeeueuee auuauieu, ivery reason to congratulate the American ma rers and our readers generally on the prospect before ns as a nation in this respect. If we go on as we have done, the perfection of our woolen manufactures, so ns to supplant our foreign supplies, must be near; and we -would urge forward the work as well worthy the skill, industry and perseverance of a great and inde pendent republic. Beavers, broadcloths, cassimeres, cashmeres, and ether woolen products, will be discussed in a future paper. : ta r v o f t h e I»- The second ease is another claim of tho same late ageu^ 'leteher, for compensation as a Commissioner for the removnl of the Winnebagoes from loiva into Minnesota. Having performed such services, he claims pay for them X,: ------- 1 . ...... ...... ’Indian Agent at that rule that he cannot i time—^that bo was ijju uuux;x aits x:.,iiiuiioDxvu tx-x ciu xUdiaU AgOUt tO glVO the Government all his time ivhilc holding it. It strikes us, that as the Law has been administered in these two cases by the head of tbe Department, the public interest is des tined to be much benefitted. 'i his branch of the Government has heretofore been a mine, as it -were, into which millions of money has disap peared for ever upon all sorts of flimsy pretexts, growing, for the most part, out of the difficulty of managing Indian affairs, and dealing with Indians as other matters are dis- 1 osed of and other persons are de-ait with. If the Depart ment -will only persevere in saying “ No ” in answer to all questionable demands on Indian funds,those employed omeng the tribes or dealing with them will soon learn that M O R T A L ITY 'A T NEW -OELEANS. N e w -O rleans , Saturday, Sept. 10, li • ' ■ ifwhich.fr aiARKDED. September 11, 1SS3, M u y Xilixabatb. infant daughter of William and Sarah B. Jones, aged lit rnontha sad ^°PlILSBFRY-^lt AvOT^Sprin^^ N. Y., Frances H., w ifenf M. O., ^cb4«act StMk, a native o f Scotland, in tbe 75th year o f J b ^ rton — ------------ i—In New-OrlcMB, on'Sund’ay, 4th W t., o f yenoVf fever, Septen^r^li, *m^ monthB,^and 12 days. - P* i H J . i . DECKER— OnWedneEday, Sept. 14, 1853, Mrs MargKet Decker, aged 72 year*. The friend* o f the fanuly are rsapectfullT inrited to attend her funeral from the residence of her son-m-law, C.K. Decker, at No. 115 tudlow-Bt. this Thursday afeemoon-at 3 o^clock, without farther invitation. JARBATT—On the 13th inst. after a short and. painful ninew, Olivia Sarah Rowena, daughter o f James M. and Sarah Olivia Jvratt, aged 2 years and? months. SMITH-^OnFonrth Day morning the 14th init. Catharine, eldesfr daughter of Thomas T. and Sarah B. Smith aged 3 yean and one month, the friends of the family are respeotfhUy invited to attend the funeral on Fifth Day the 15th inst. at 2 P. M. &om No. 22 Mont- *°ST 0 ? jT -6n Wednesday, Sept. 14, o f oonsumption^^after a linger ing illneEs, Mr. Ehenezer B. Stout, in tho 45th year o f hu a(e. County of New- idiaa K K S a s t T b . - rto u t AugMtM^^j. I8t- 44 49, lon.37,harfcBevis,of New-Bedford. ” “^ C d ftom New-Bedford. 12th, ship Adeline Gibhs. for Pacific ®r,Jfedftom do., 13th. ahip d rtea. North Pacific O c e«,
