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tankflL VOL. XXX. NO. 34. NE~W YORK, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 25. 1869. Rational Anti-Slavcvii ^tandavd. P U B L I S H E D E V E R Y S A T U R D A Y , BY TIIE AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY, It* O m « , No. 30 NRH.au Street. New York THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM. AARON M. POWELL, A litor. WENDELL PH ILLIPS, Special E d itorial Contributor. For rates of AdvcrtlKins and Club term* reo Fourth pago. “ T H E F O E S O F S O C I E T Y . T h e Rev. O. B. F rothinoham on Sund a y , tlie 12tli in s t., p r e a c h e d a tim ely, eloq u e n t a n d philo sophical d iscourse en title d th e “ F o e s o f Society.\ T h e follow ing im p e rfect- synopsis w e ta k e from The B c r a t d : A f t e r th e usual prelim inary services Mr. F r o t h - Ingham ap p ro a c h e d his d e s k a n d ren d from tho Scriptu r e s , “ S e e th a t y e despise n o t one o f theso little o n e s .” T h o child, ho said, w as th e beg in n in g of a series of w h ich th e angel w as th e end. T h e child w as a possibility, th e angel a f u lf ilm e n t T h e child h a d all before him, th e an g e l all w ithin him. T h e child h a d no e x p e r ience, th e a n g e l was all e x perien c e . T h e child w a s a bud, tb e a n g e l a flower. T h e child w a s hum a n , th e a n g e l w as divine. Follow ing u p th e stra in o f th o u g h t th e p r e a c h e r said th a t so c iety included tho s e w h o w e r e th e beg in n ing and tho end— those w h o w e r e first sta r tin g in life, and those w h o w e r e ju s t com pletin g I t S o c iety included th e good, th e bad, tho jn s t , th e unjust, tho ki n d . a n d th e cruel. W h a t w as d e s ir a b le w as a condition o f society, not o f b a te, b n t o f love, n o t o f u n c h a r itableness b u t o f benevolence, n o t o f vice b u t o f righteousness. P r a y e r , th e p r o m p tin g s o f a t r u e conscience, the kingdom o f h e a v e n , th e life of J e s u s w e r e a ll good ln prop o rtion as they assisted us to th e h e r it a g e of society. T h e a r ts, th e in tric a t e sciences, ph ilan th r o p y and religiou w e r e only goo d as th e y as sisted to w o rk o u t a n d build up th e p r inciples un derly in g society. T h e belief in im m o rtality w as valuable a s helping m e n to liv e w ell in so ciety fo r m s ; th e r e w e re uo sins e x c e p t sins a g a in s t society. I t w as only w h e u sinning a g a in s t so c iety t h a t w e sin n e d a g a in s t G o d . W h a t w as society ? H a v e w e it now ? N o ; i t was a fine, subtle, profound organism , sp r in g ing into d e licate and in tr icate avenues, like th e m inu te m e m b ranes of th e body. T h e r e w a s no society now. Society signified a b r o therhood, love, kindness, ch a r ity and justice : m u tual g o o d will, m u tual p u r p o s e s , m u tu a l objects, m u tual em ls aud m u tual sacrifices. I t w as a dream , a fantasle, lying in th e far, far distance. N o w all w as a chaos o f conflicting in te re s ts , a b a ttle o f social forces. T h e g r e a t re form e rs in s o c ial s c ience w e r e j u s t g e ttin g hold of th e th r e a d o f society, an d all w e re w o rking for o r a g a in s t th e bond. C e r tain classes th e r e w e re who h in d e red society, w h o w ero its foes. H e w ould divide th e foes of society into tw o classes—th e hot blooded foes a n d th e cold blooded foes. THE HOT BLOODED FOES. T h e s e w e r e sensualists, glutto n s , d r u n k a r d s all w h o w a n d e red iu p u r s u it o f the p leasures of the body. T h e i r nam e w as legion. T h e y belonged n e ith e r to tlie r ich, t o th e poor, to th e g r e a t, to the sm a ll, to tlio s tr o n g nor to tlie w eak. T h e y lived in public. T h e y filled th e stre e ts, stood upon the s t r e e t co rn e rs, d r a n k , m a d e m e rry and w e r e know n as th e dan g e r o u s classes. S o c iety was arm e d to p u t th e m dow n . T h e police w e r e o r g a n ized, th e law s w e r e e n a c ted , th e c o u r ts w e r e in session, th e ju d g e s sa t upon th e bench—all to restra in them . B u t th e foes could n o t b e pu t dow n , a n d any w ay th e y w e re uo t th e d e a d lie s t enem ies o f society. T h e y w e re n o t e v e n a p a r t of society. T h e y w e r e ou tlaw s and excom m u n icute. T h e y did n o t m a k e th e law s ; they w e re th e laws victim s. T h e y did n o t n o t punish ; they we pnniBhcd. T h e y did not sit on th e bench ; they stood a t th e b a r . T h e y w e re talk a tive, loo open, fran k a n d com m u n icative, people havin g nothing to conceal, nothing to cov e r up. Seldom did oue find p r e te n c e a n d hypocrisy am o n g them . T h e y lived happily while they lived. W o rn o u t in tissue a n d m e m b r a n e , they d r ille d sadly and silently into n a m e less g r a v e s . T h e y w e r e suicides. T h e y h a d poisoned th e ir ow n blood. In a c e r tain way th e y w e r e th e b e s t frien d s of s o c iety—th e y w a w a rning. B u t th e y w e re often th e kind e s t p e o p le in th e w o rld, and th e i r a c ts often overflow ed w ith th e m ilk o f hum a n kindness. T h e y w e re genial, good, k in d - h e a r ted , and w e r e o f ten slain by th e i r ow n kiudness. H e w o u ld ta k e the w retched w o m e n whom society scorned, and he would po in t o n t a m o n g them a sw e e tn e s s o f dispo sition, a c o m p a ssion and a fem inine ben ign ity u n exam p led. T h e s e c r e a tu r e s w a tched o v e r tlieir sick associates w ith te n d e r c a r e , su p p r e s s in g ev e r y w a n t and softening ev e r y sorrow . T h e y w e r e forgiv in g and lo v i n g ; th e y took pains to rescu e th e ir children born in sham e from a life o f sham e . B u t a sh o r t tim e since a woman who k e p t a notoriou s bro th e l in th is city received a d e s p e r a t e an d d e s p a ir in g g i r l a t h e r door, p r e pa re d to m a k e w reck of h e r v ir tue. W ith a keen sense o f sym p a thy, tho w o man dissuaded h e r from h e r course, d r o v e h e r to tlie d e p o t in h e r own g ild e d c a r riage, p a id h e r fare aud se n t h e r to a b e t t e r hom e . Je a n s hnd alw a y s spoken to these m isguided women, n o t to r e p r o a c h them , bu t with kindness and love. W h e n o n e o f th o bad women o f H is tim e w e p t te a r s o f co n trition a t H is feet, w h e n sh e had poured o u t th e w a ter o f h e r soul to H im , only to ask know ledge nnd confess, H e did n o t .denounce h e r . D id H e e x t e n u a t e '( “ Go and sin no m o r e ,” said H e : for H e knew th e r e w ere foes o f s o c iety m o r e d e a d ly than she. COLD BLOODED I'OES. T h e s e w e r e n o t c r e a tu r e s o f a p p e tite, b u t cool, w a ry, wily, cunning, cautious m e n , guided by m o tiv e s ’ m e tho d s au d d e signs, an d th e ir w o rk wits iu Church and S t a te , a s professional m e n , a s law y ers, clergym e n an d physicians. T h e y w e r e oi th e b e n rep u tatio n . T h e y w e r e v e r y careful au d p r u d e n t aud co u n ted tlieir pence. T h o s e above tliem they knew n o t, th o s e below tliem they despised. W h e n le a v in g th e ir own o r d e r In society th e y hated it. Som e tim e s they w e r e rich. T h e n th e y ju d g e d c h a r a c te r , opinions and religion by m o n e y . T h e r e w as b u t o n e class—tlie elite. E v e r y th in g hin g e d on p r o s p e r ity . E v e r y law m u st d e fend pro p e r ty . T h e y believed in tb e g a llow s, in violence, a n d in th e com m ittin g o f no offence a g a in s t w ealth. T h e y called tlie s a i n t a visionary, th e p h ilan thro p ist a s e n tim e n talist. B y such m e a n s th e y falsified society and Bpread sn a r e s in to w h ich tlio unw a r y fell. Som e tim e s th e cold blooded foe w as a politician. Som e tim e s tb e cold blooded foe w as an editor. H e p r o c laim e d th e v ir tu e o f liis p a r ty , h e ex tolled its w isdom and beneficent aim s. O f his op p o n e n t Jie cried c o rruption , scoundrel, knavo. H o trifled with national interests. lie wns a pu r v e y o r o f p a trio t ism and a m a s te r o f unscrupulous cunning. EDITORS AND REPORTERS. I t was th e e d ito r ’s business to sell liis paper, lie m u st a t t r a c t tho m u ltitude to it. H e m u st cre a te a sensation. H o liad his spies through society w h o d r a g g e d ou t th e m o s t sacred se c r e ts .and m a d e them public. R e p o r ters an d iiitcrvlow o ra laid gentlem e n and rep o r te d th e ir private conversation. T h o y Invaded parlo r s , w e ro eaves d r o p p e r s h n d listened a t k e y h o les. T h e y questioned a m a n about b is p r iv a te affairs and tried to e x to r t fam ily se c r e t s and so u g h t by every in g e n u n ity to m a k e tliem be tra y them selves. I f no inform a tion w o re given a to r r e n t o f vitu p e r a tio n w as tlio re sult. I f it w a s giv e n and it d id n 't s u it th e e d ito r a ltere d for effect. Som e tim e s tlie e d itor w a s a n a d v e n tu r e r w h o w ould p illory a friend In o r d e r to gain a r a b b le. S o m e tim e s h e w as an a tliel8t who p a n d e r e d to I lie C a tholics in o r d e r to crush Ajjpformer. .Som e tim e s h e wns a C a tholic who w o u ld ro a s t a clergy m a n iu o r d e r to save au as sassin from his doom o r blast tlio rep u ta tio n o f a w o m a n . A ll tliis w as do n e to sell bis p a p e r . T h e tru e mission o f tlie p r e s s w a s to v ind icate tru th , assist ju s t ice and p r o te c t v irtu e ; b u t th e p r e s s hnd a f a tal w e a k n e ss ; i t could n o t be noble, ju s t or tru e . I f it w e r o truo it w o u ld liave ceased to b e tr a y sa c r e d in terests. A s i t w as i t had c a r ried m a lignity to th e perfection o f a n a r t. B u t tho e d ito r w as n o t th e w o rst foe. I t w as th e P h a r is e e , th o m a n o f suprem e p iety, who believed lie liad been singled o u t for th e ch o icest place in tlio kingdom o f heaven. A n in s tan c e occurred last w e e k . A m a n h a d been associated w ith a m id n ig h t m u r d e r w h ich y e a r s ago h a d sta r tled tlie com m u n ity. H o w as Innocent. Ilis w h o le con duct s h o w e d i t H e (the speaker) had visited him in th e Tom b s, H e w as m e e k a n d m ild in m a n n e r. P u b lic opinion h a d p u r s u e d him , tho u g h he had been acquitted. T h e stigm a clung to him . Y e a r s o f public scorn, b ittern e s s a n d c o n tum e ly h a d followed him. H e w as a social outlaw . O p p ressed by the prejudice, h e had drifted into evil ways. D e spair m a d e him a c h e a te r of th e g o v e r n m e n t ; th e S tate P r iso n becam e h is h o m e . H e sickened and died, d e c la rin g his innocence in th e sig h t of G o d . O v er his body no p r a y e r had been said, no f u n e r a l se r vice solem n ized. T h e s e facts he (the s p e a k e r ) had le a r n e d from th e p a p e r s ; but, as lie h a d ex p ressed his u t t e r d isbelief in w h a t th e y prin te d , h e could hardly afek h is a u d ito r s to believe them . (L a u g h ter). H e had w a tched th e p r e s s to see w h a t accusation th e y m ig h t m a k e a g a in s t th a t P h a r ise e w h o r e fused a serv ice and a p r a y e r o v e r th e body o f the helpless dead. H e found none. W e r e Je s u s alive now h e w ould have b e e n hounded, dogged a n d villifled by th e sam e sentim e n t. Som e thing m u st be done f o r society. M e u should be ta u g h t hum a n ity an d kindness. O U R N A T I O N A L F U T U R E . TS FROM AN ADDRESS BY REV. CLAY MCCAULEY, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK. them a p a r ti a l w elcom e to o u r citizenship, so tliat throw off th e bondage w h ich dem a g o g u e s and E u r o p e , A m e rica, A frica and A s ia will then w o rk »>0»ey a r e f a s tening on it, and be free and pure, here, In liberty, and, 1 tru s t for liberty. W llh th e p r e s s ussert its dignity and Indopcn- Le Vi lo r iiu e r t y . donee, and use its Im m e n se pow e r a r i g h t ; should united efforts ol theso races, th o m u tual inter- th© p u lp it p r e a c h th e p r o p e r kind o f politics m o re c h a n g e o f th o u g h ts und acts, th e r e w ill b e a stim u -1 b y p r e a c h ing puro religion instead o f useless lus to com m e rce, invention, ag ricu ltu r e and edu* | specu latio n s ; should o u r schools inculcate tho vlr- catlo n , a n d tliero will ho an increase of w e a lth I WC“ ll,\? liua n e v e r b e e n witncsHCd on tho oartli- T h . riv e r s w ill teem w ith v e ssels, railro a d s bocomo cou n try which w o u ld p r e v e n t a ll f e a r of degrada- inoro an d m o r e num e rous, tlio w ide a r e a s of the tion, an d cause us to nail each F o u r th of Ju ly ns B o u th yield t h e i r trea s u r e s o f g r a in s a n d fabrics, ° 1 ‘P, “ ?5°^anr' *v0r 8a i’y ° f a perp e tual gro w th o f onr tb e . t o . M t f * * , £ , r g o b . «n„ Tor e x c h a n g e ; th e p r a ir ie s th e i r coal, corn and land as h e r own. U n d e r h e r w ider n u r tu r e wo c a ttle ; com m u n ities w ill org a n ize anew , a n d edu- ®ltall d o u b tless ru le th e e a r th. Shall we have a cation becom e m o r e a n d m o ro ex ten d e d , as o u r Pei™ » n e n t ru le ? F r e e d o m shall hav e “ e a r th for norvoD I W e s te r n . c t o . e e com b in e , m b the . . s l i c e . ' ^ 2 1 t t S U d t o '“H r laboi ol th e studious p h in a m a n . T h e church, also, glory then. L e t us then d e v o te ourselves to o u r will sh a r e iu tlie g e n e r a l revolution. T radition Ration’s purity. L o t us aim a t personal holiness lace to face w ith trad i tio n will toil for s u p r e m a c y , 1111,1 to <1(:velop th e p u r ity o f all p e rsons w ith whom nm l both, I th to b , will perish ,n tb o while S S T S ' w ' f i f i r S S religion, p u r e , un iv e rsal, C h ristian, I tru s t, will rig h teo u s . D o ing then ull wo can to savo onr- risc t o claim a ll tlio h e a r ts ns Its ow n , nnd lot tli%) solves in holiness, lot us look upw a rd to th e God . -----------' b ouly IS join N i n e t y - t h r e e y e a r s ago, a C o n g ress of som e of ir an c e s to r s d e term ined to establish a po p u lar e rm n e iitj’Sh tlie colonies w h ich a r e now p a r t of tlie U n ite d S t a te s o f A m e rica, in place o f th a t of a d ista n t K in g and P a r liam e n t. T iie determ inatio n o f sin g u lar b o ldness. H a d i t been an ap peal to the in d e p e n d e n t will of th e people, a s the law of th is c o u n try for th e f u ture, i l w o u ld n o t have succeeded. T lie ty r a n n y of G r e a t B ritain w as the im p e lling c a u s e o f tlie rebellion, but th e love f o r a g o v e r n m e n t “ by th e people, and f o r th e people,” w as its abiding stim u lus. A po p u lar governm e n t w h ich should h a v e a new country in which to e x p e r i m e n t, no t tram m e led by surround ing m o n a rchies and aristocracies, w h ich should try to solve th e prob lem , w h e th e r o r n o t a free people c a n r a le itself and be prosperous, w as tlie r e a l o b ject o f tlie w ar. A fter y e a r s o f stru g g le a n d m a rtyrdom , tb e rebellion of I7G becam e a revolution. A constitution f o r tlie U n ited S t a te s ” w as a d o p ted o n d th e Fed e ral U n ion cem e n ted, th n t “ ju s t ice m ight be e stablished am o n g us, dom e s tic tran q u i lity in s u r e d , th e com m on defence prov ided for, th e g e n e r a l w elfare pro m o ted, a n d th e blessings o f liberty secured to us a n d o u r p o s te r ity .” F r o m tliat tim e un til to-day, w e have had a c a r e e r o f u n p a ralleled pro g re s s . O u r e x a ltation lias been so r a p id, t h a t w ithin a cen tu r y we have risen from th e place o f despised provinces, to th a t o f one of th e hono r e d P o w e r s of th e globe. O u r te r r ito r y has e x tended until, geographically, m o re than one-third o f N o rtli A m e rica is und e r o u r jurisdiction, a n d practically, alm o st th e w h o le of IL O u r inventions control much o f th e m a n u fac tu r e a n d c o m m e rce of tlie w o rld, a n d o n r e d u c a tion is diffusing o u r know ledge and lang u a g e in all co u n tries. N o w w e a r e a b o u t to open o u r te rrito r y to th e w o rld a s a r e f u g e and hom e . F e a r counsels legislative lim itation to color o r r a c e . Ign o rance denies tbe inspiratio n o f th e fram e rs o f our ch a r te r s o f freedom , m id calls th is a “ w h ite man's go v e rn m e n t,\ o r any o th e r g o v e rn m e n t th a n m a n ’s governm e n t. B u t the logic o f th e principles which gave us existen c e is irresistible, a n d we a r e abou t to a c c e p t o n r co u n try a s no m o re ours by right, than it is tlie hom e o f th e oppressed, from any natio n u n d e r th e sky. F o r a long tim e th e le tte r o f o u r lawB bus been a g a in s t th is liberty. O u r ancestors thoughtlessly le ft us w ith difficult q u e s tions to answ e r, w hich becam e m o r e a n d m o re difficult, until th e A lexan d e r o f o u r w a r c u t the k n o t a n d se t us free. N o w we nro going onw a rd, p e rplex e d and blinded, in th e m idst o f tho mauy problem s w ith w h ich o u r freedom h a s been beset, b u t dou b tless go in g onw a r d to tlie establishm e n t o f a g o v e rn m e n t in which nil p e o p le w h o long for liberty can hav e a share. W b a t tlie r e s n l t will be, one can tell. W h a t is our duty, how ever, o n e should question. T h e id e a a t w o rk in tlie p r e am b le to tlie D e c laration of Ind e p e n d e n c e is ou r rule, notw ithstanding it is defam ed a s F r e n c h deistic tw a d d le a n d puerile s e n tim e n tality ; and we should a s s e r t this rule in such a way, t h a t it sliull a p p e a r iu all th e law s o f o u r c o u n try w h ich relate to citizenship. T h e tim o lias c o m e for th e establishm e n t am o n g i, o f th e D e m o cracy of w hich so m a n y lovers of m a n k ind f o r ages have d r e a m e d T h e r is k may be hazardous, bu t It is our d u ty to m a k e It, and w h ile wo m a k e It, to do all wo can to secure suc cess for it. Saxon, N o rm a n , B r ito n a n d C e lt a l ready have given tlieir m inds in o u r c o u n try to the service o f tlie land of liberty. T h e A frican nnd In d ian a r e ran g in g them selves beside th e E u r o p e a n , and prep a r i n g to sh a r e w h a t they should have s h a red from tlie b e g inning ; th e rig h ts of h e lp in g to m a k e o u r law s and enjoying tlieir protec tion and cultu r e . Now , also, th e M o n g o lian is com ing to o u r m o u n tains, p r a ir ie s and homos, thro u g h th e golden g a te of tho W e st, M illions of A siatics a r e p r e p a r i n g to m a k e th e ir w ay hither. T h e Fifteenth A m e n d m e n t to th e constitution of o u r c o u n try, w h ich will Boon be a law, will givo constitution’s privileges to any rac e , th a t is the d a n g e r lo o u r pro s p e r ity. I t is th e u n r ighteous legislation and ex e c u tion o f th e law s of our S tate, co m m e rce and society. I t is n o t democ-- racy ; i t is corru p tio n w hich d e g r a d e s a State. It is n o t lib e r ty ; i t is sin which is a r e p r o a c h to any people. Im p e r ial R o m e w as far m o r e base and venal th a n th e w h ite m a n ’s U n ited States, and it m a y well be do u b ted th a t A frica o r China will b r in g us m o r e evil than we a lr e a d y possess. I t ls m o r e th a n likely th e ir m o rality will help us. W h ile th e n w e s e e tliat w c a r e a b o u t accep tin g th e conclusion to w h ich o n r nation a l logic forces us, by o p e n ing up o u r country a s a hom e to all the w orld, and while we see th e in e v itable excess of pro s p e r ity w hich will c o m e to th e nation w h e n th a t is done, le t u s be convinced t h a t it is r igh teou s n e s s only w h ich can secu r e tlio p e rm a n e n c e of th is ex altation. W e hav e j u s t c o m m e m o rated tlie b ir th o f free dom . W e a re c o n g ratu latin g o u r s e lves on its won d e rf u l grow th. B u t le t us p ledge o n r s e lv e s to do all w e can hencefo r th to assure a p e r m a n e n t rig h t eousness to o u r liberty. L e t us lo v e o n r country as f e r v e n tly as we love o u r hom e s. L e t us conse c r a te o u r citizenship to n a tion a l righ teou s n e s s , as we devote o u r m a n h o o d to dom e s tic purity. L e t us ciist a b o u t each new m a n who claim s a p a r t of tlie p r iv ileges o f o u r n a tion, tlie p r o tectio n o f piety, c h a r ity and p a triotism . W itli th e s e th r e e aelk of natio n a l r ighteousness, w e a r e s u r e of show ing to hum a n ity a g o v e rn m e n t to w h o se increase th e re can bo 110 e n d . T h e y will ex u lt ns to a p r o s p e r ity from w h ich w e cannot be degraded. O u r politics a r e te r r ib ly co rru p t. O u r legisla tu r e s a re largely com p o sed o f m e n whose aim is th e possession o f th e public trea s u r y a n d th e bribes of tlie c o rp o r a tion s , de s ir in g legislative s a n c tion to th e ir s c h e m e s o f r a s c a lity . O u r suffrages s e n t these law -m a k e rs to o u r cupitols. O u r local political or ga n isatio n s a r e led by w ire-pullers, who cau s e the public to yield obedience to a ll th e ir m a n ipulations. R a ilroad com p a n ies, m a n u facturing m o n o p o lies, ban k ing gam b lers, subsidize th e b r a ins o f th e press nnd th e logic o f tlie r o s tr u m , nnd e n ric h them selves by th e p o v e rty o f tlieir victims. O u r c o m m e rce, also, is a d a n g e r to o n r p r o s p e r ity. I t is a so u r c e of g r e a t p o w e r and o t w ealth, b u t i t is also a source o f perilous am b ition and lux ury. O n r traffic in produce o f u ll k inds isgov e r n e d by “ Stock B o a r d s \ and “ C h a m b e rs o f C o m m e rce.” W e a r e ob liged to feel tlie riv a lries o f the gam b lers, in the co n s tan t vacillations of tb e p r ice lists, to w h ic h so much of o n r new s p a p e r colum n s a re given—daily. T r a d e is a le v e r iu A m e rica. W a s h ington Irv in g stru c k o u r p o p u lar sentim e n t e x a c tly, w h en lie s p o k e ol tlie r u le o f th e “ A lm ighty D o l la r ” am o n g us. A certain am o u n t o f m o n e y , o r its representative, is h o a rd e d up in o u r cities, n o t for th e purpose of g iving life lo trad e , b u t f o r tb e pu r pose for w h ich m o n e y is laid on a faro table. Our com m e rce is g o in g in a f a tal direction. A s tlie lifo of o u r n a tion is valued, i t should be changed. O u r cou n try m igh t live, w e r e tlio m e rcan tile gam b lers sh u t up to a few w a r e h o u s e s o r stock-boards, but il is, tlieir le a s t a c tion a g itates tb e whole coun try. T b e ir g a m in g table is, ev e r y acre o f land, ev e r y crop, m a n u facture, highw a y o f tra d e o r trav e l o f tlie n a tion. W e can n o t b e a r it v e ry long. A financial crash w ill som e tim e b r e a k down trad e and p a raly z e in d u s try all o v e r th e cou n try , unless th e m o ral s e n s e o f the peoplo in som e way c h a n g e s th e direction com m e rce bus taken. A n d this is n o t a ll th e d a n g e r o f -tliis m o rbid and law less trad e . Com m erce lias a m o st intim a te re lation witli society. Its effects a r e felt th r o u g h the w h ole social rubric. Society becom e s pam p e r e d w ith w e a lth, fraudulently gained. I t sinks into a luxury, w h ich b r e e d s s e n suality, and t h a t p roduces hollow -heartedness, th o u g h tlessn e s s and vice. Fam ilies c e a se tlieir c o h esion. P a r e n ta l authority loses a ll of its force. * * * Fifth A v e n u e s arc ro u ted . F a lse s ta n d a r d s o f e x c e llence a r e raised .1 E d u c a tion becom e s superficial. T h o m o ral senses a r e blunted. R e ligion d e g e n e ra tes into a f< th e n iuto a m o c k ery. M a g n ificent p a laces and tem p les a r e r e a red , b u t m a n h o o d and w omanhood — no t r e a r e d w ith thom . I t is ou r du ty to do all .. _ c a n to save com m e rce nnd society. T h e work o f ou r an c e s to r s In d e c larin g th e ir independence will be m a d e useless, by tlie w o rk o f tlieir po s ter ity, fastening on them s e lves a com m e rcial a n d so cial, slavery, unless w e secu r e th a t righteousness which e x a lte th a nation. A ctive p iety, charity and patriotism aro the du ties every A m e rican should perform a t this tim e. T h e y aro th e righ teou s n e s s w hich will e x a lt us. W e can n o t prev e n t tlio s p r e a d of ou r liberty. W o c a n n o t stay the p r o g ress o f th e inspiration of tlie founders o f o u r c o u n try. W e can n o t now prevent ou r c o u n try from becom ing th e free homo of e v e ry m e m b e r of ovory race u n d e r tlie sky. T h e con clusion of o u r national logic m u st be accep ted by declarin g tliis country th e refu g e for “ th e op pressed of evory clim e .” All peoples and tongues a re offered a place in o u r law -m a k ing, and a shel te r u n d e r o u r flag. T h e m o st w e c a n do, th e refore, is to purify so thoroughly tlio nationalities which are already h e re, a n d form ou r citizenship, and to offer those w h o aro com ing to us tlio exam p le and p r e c e p t o f tru e righteousness. W o c a n n o t toll much abo u t o u r f u ture. A t p r e s e n t wo a r e in tlio m idst o f tlie e m b a rrassm e n ts r e s u lting from ou r w ar ag a in s t neg ro slavory. O u r national finances bur den us ; o u r S o u thern problem s puzzle us ; official corruption, com m e rcial am b ition nnd social falsity tb r e n ten us ; ou r foreign com p lications a r e a source o r anxiety. In th e m idst o f theso, tlie trem e n d o u s revolution, tlio g r e a te s t we havo ovor a ttem p ted , tlie passag e o f th e F ifteenth A m e n d m e n t to th e C o n stitution, a logical sequence, how ever, to o u r whole natiouul lifo, is g o ing on. W h a t ou r f u ture will be none can toll. Stim u lated trade, science and a r t m u s t c omo of course, bu t w h a t Is to a p p e a r a f te r tliem uo ono can foretell. O f tills ouly we a re certain , tliat righteousness in every th ing we do, is tlio solo g u a r a n tee for o u r perm a n e n t prosperity. I wish th u t the w hole country m ig h t h e a r and obey th is c a ll to holiness. I wish t h a t m ind would reliable assurance ol’national success, in th e beautiful p r a y e r o f Dr. H o lm e s : Lord of tbo Univarao! uhlold and gnldo na, Trusting tben always throdgh shadow and i Thou hast united us, who shall divide us— Koop us, O koop ns, ' '.ho Mauy lu ono.' •• m inds g o f ree I n to w h a t e v e r d ir e c tion science fnuv • N a tions for th a t pe rf e c t h e lp w h ich Is , , , * l-ellnliln nsqiirniion nl’ h silnnn l e,..,.nm.n r lead them . In tliis g r e a t a n d in e v itab le c h a n g e which w conic to us, w h e n wo fully recognize the conclusion of o u r n a tion a l a r g u m e n t ns it is m a d e In tlio D ec la r a tio n o f Indep e n d e n c e , th e r o m u st he som e th in g w hich slinll secure tlio perm a n e n c e of tlio new life, else th e en d o f o u r w o rk will bo w o rse th a n th e beginning. T b e excess of trad e may w o rk a rivalry of natio n a lities w h ich will d e s tr o y all pro b ity a n d tru e p r o s p e r i t y ; tlie freedom of eligibility to office m n y end in a co rruption a thou sand fold w o rse than th e ro tten n e s s we now w itness in public p l a c e s ; pop u lar equality m a y end iu anarchy ; free com p a rison of religion, in persecu tions o r infidelity. Evon should none o f these de plorable results com e, the intelligence and w e a lth o f tlie nation m a y decline into effem inacy, luxury, sensu a lity and d e a th, as did the intelligence aiid w e a lth of o th e r nations whose m'elancholy his tories now a r e alm o s t tlieir only legacies to pos terity. I t is p u r ity only w hich secures th o e x a ltatio n of a nation, be it a m o n a rchy or dem o c racy. I t is righteou s n e s s only to w h ich we can look as tlie safegu a r d o f o u r national life, e ith e r in its p r e s e n t lim ited citizenship, o r in its fu ture u n iversal citi zenship. I t is n o t tlie extension o f a sh a r e in L I F E A M O N G T H E IN D I A N S . R e p o r t o f the. J o i n t D e legation a p p o in ted by the Com m ittees o n the I n d i a n C o n c ern, o j the Y e a r ly M e e tings o f B a ltim o r e , P h iladelphia a n d N e w Y o r k , respectively, lo v i s i t the I n d i a n s u n d e r the care o f F r ie n d s , in the N o r t h e r n S u p e r i n tendency, State o f N e b r a s k a , Seven th an d E ighth m o n th s , 1869. To the Com m ittee: D e a r F r i e n d s : — Y o u r d e legatio n , consisting of Benjam in H allow ell, o f B a ltim o re Y e a rly M e e ting, F r a n k lin H a ines, o f N e w Y o r k Y e a r l y M e eting, Jo h n H . D u d ley and Jo s e p h Pow e ll, o f P h iladel p h ia Y e a rly M e e ting, m e t in O m a h a by previous arran g e m e n t, on th e 16lli of S e v e n th m o n th, to e n t e r upo n th e im p o r ta n t d u tie s w h ich y o u e n tru s te d to o u r c a r e , an d we a r e now ab o u t to en d e a v o r to r e p o r t o u r p r o c e e d ings, th e condition of th e In d ian s a t th e R e s e rv a tio n u n d e r th e c a r e of F r ie n d s , th e n e e d s of th e In d ian s a n d th e ir ag e n ts, and th e incidents o f In d ian c h a r a c te r and life w hich we w itnessed, s o as to place th e su b ject b e fore you a s nearly a s y o u w o u ld hav e s e e n i t had you b e e n p r e s e n t, as lies in o u r pow er. T h e distance from W a s h in g ton city to O m a h a is a b o u t fifteen h u n d r e d m iles, a n d n e a r ly th e sam e from P h ilad e lp h ia aud N e w Y o rk. A f t e r trav e l ling to W e s tern In d ia n a th e co u n try is all open p r a ir ie , m a n y tim e s n o t a tre e to b e se e n in the w h o le lan d s c a p e arou n d , w h ich w o u ld include a distance o f from six to te n m iles—th e tim b e r e x isting only a lo n g w a t e r courses. T h e p r a ir ie s a r c v e ry fertile, p r o d u c ing larg e crops w h e n cultiv a ted , and w h e r e u n b r o k e n , yield ing p r a ir ie g r a s s in ab u n d a n c e , and w ild flow ers in th e g r e a t e s t profusion a n d v a riety , and of the m o st beautiful an d d e licate colors—freq u e n tly r e m inding us, on w itnessing these b r ig h t, d e licate stru c tu r e s e x p a n d in g t h e ir p e tals to th e w arm sun shine on a lonely p r a ir ie , w h e rp n o t a s ingle hum a n hab itatio n w as to be seen, o f G ray’s beau tifu l and applicable lines : •' Full many a flowor Is bom to blush unseen. And waste ita wwcctncs* on tho desert air.\ Oil a r r iv in g safely a t O m a h a a t tlie tim e fixed upon before leaving hom e , aud receiv in g a cordial w elcom e from Sam u e l M. Ja n n e y , th e sup e rin ten d e n t, o u r hearts, w e re te n d e r e d in th a n k fulness to o u r H e a v e n ly F a th e r , for o u r p r e s e r v a tio n d u r ing th is long and a rd u o u s jo u r n e y , r e n d e r e d p a rtic u larly d a n g e r o u s a t tliis lim e by th e unusual am o u n t o f rain w hich h a d recen tly fallen, causing m a n y accidents a n d d e ten ti o n s on th e railro a d s in th a t vicinity. A n exposition o f tlie r e a s o n s for tlie P r e s id e n t h a v ing selected m e m b e r s o f th e S o c iety o f Frie n d s for I n d ian S u p e r in ten d e n ts and A g e n ts, which had been published in th e B a ltim o re A m e r i c a n , it w as th o u g h t b e s t to have published in tlie O m a h a daily pap e r s , w h ich w as done. leetin g f o r public w o rship w as held on tho aftern o o n of F irst-d a y , th e 18th, f o r th e c itizen s o f O m a h a, -which w as solem n aud im p ressive, giving evideuce o f beiu g f a v o r e d w ith th e p r e s e u c e o f the G r e a t H e a d o f th e Church. On th e 19th we w e n t o u t to C o lum b u s,N e b raska, on th e U n ion Pacilic R a ilro a d , ninety-tw o miles, w h e re Ja c o b M. T r o tb, a g e n t o f th e Paw n e e s , m e t us to ta k e us to th e P a w n e e A g e n c y , tw e n ty -th ree m iles f u rth e r , by p r iv a t e conveyance. W o w ere g r a ti f ie d to find a t th is ag e n c y a brick building one h u n d r e d and tw e lve f e e t lon g b y forty-six wide, for a n ind u s trial school, w ith basem e n t, in which a re lo c a te d t h e kitch e n , din in g room , sto r e room, laundry, e tc., e tc., q u ite rem in d in g us o f W e st- tow n . Ja c o b M. T r o th a n d family, a n d also Sam u e l B. W a lto n an d fam ily, w e r e resid in g Rt the institu tio n , tem p o r a r ily, to g iv e atten tio n to tho co n c e rn while th e te a c h e r s ta k e t h e ir vacation, th e ro bein g som e six t y In d ian ch ild r e n in the estab lish m e n t a t presont, le a r n in g to work. T h e building is considerably o u t o f o r d e r , but with th e necessary r e p a ir s bein g m a d e , as n o doubt th e y soon will be, it w ill prove, in ou r jud g m e n t, a m o st efficient aid in th o civilization and onllght- pum o n t o f th e s e pooplo ; a u d tlie delegation w ero united in ju d g m e n t, w h ich th o ir su b s e q u e n t ex p e rien c e on tlie d if f e r e n t R e s e rv a tio n s fully i firm ed, t h a t th is is tlie p r o p e r k ind o f school far tlie Indians, w h e re, b e s id e s bein g ta u g h t the ful b r a n c h e s o f school le a r n in g , th e y will bo in stru c ted in th e d if f e r e n t o p e ratio n s of farm ing, carp e n te r w o rk, black-sm ithing, a tten d i n g a saw mill, a n d a g r a in mill, etc., e tc.; and th e g ir ls , tho arious d u ties in household econom y —including the use of tlie sew ing m a c h in e —all u n d e r tlio ci of suitable, judicious instructo r s , w ith h e a r ts alive to th e in te r e s ts and elevation o f tho grea tly d e pressed Rod R a c e —a n d t h a t a sufficient num b e r of such schools should bo established ou overy rese r vation, to accom m o d a te all tho children o f suffi cient a g e to a tten d them. M a n y In d ians cam e to see us, and thoy ex pressed them s e lves “ much gratified to see so many g r a n d f a t h e r s w ith u s .” T h o y w e re all hungry, and mado us u n d e rstand directly t h a t they w a n ted som e thing to oat. Ono In d ian m a d e us u n d e rstand th a t ho w a n ted a sh i r t and clean blanket, which w as evidently tho case. P o o r things I wo did p ity them w ith o u r w h ole hearts, and felt determ ined to try to r e m e d y this c ondition of tilings. T h e y have a m o st fertile reservation, thirty miles long and fifteen w ide, containing two h u n d r e d and eigh ty - e ig h t thousand acres, to a population of tw o thousand eig h t h u n d r e d and thirty-one to which tlioy havo now d w in d le d ; or ovor one hundred acres far overy m a n , woman and child ; and it c an and m u st be m a d e to afford thom plenty to e a t und w e a r, and provide tliem with com fortable homos. T h e y a r e a noble look- , ing people, b u t they can n o t continue to e x ist in WHOLE NO. 1,540- th e ir p r e s e n t condition. T h e y a r e fast d w indling I t I ipv . ' <■ 1830, .b o n O liver K l b . o n h m J t T lim t t a i E J 5 S I™*\1” 1, ir o a t , with lhe P a m .e e ,, th e r e w o re tw e lve thou- IH iniei w .leh ™ oaTh m ? “ ■and ; la M l , .1 , th o a w n d I N o w , la 1869, t h e r e ! J T r ™ “ a r e only tw o th o o - a c l e ig h t hu n d r e d n d th ir ty , will .to a l th e » , ihey a re e l f p i t |„ e L t ' h . l l “ II n r i r.l, f n 111 ., — . . . . ' T h e p r e s e n t location o f tlie P a w n e e s in cludes tlie land form e rly o c c u p ied and considera bly im p roved by tlie M orm ons; previous to tlieir going to S a lt L a k e , w h ith e r they w e n t from tills place. T lie In d ian s would no t use th e M ormon buildings, bu t gladly con tinu e d th e cultivation o f i tlie lan d th e y liad broken up w ith th e ir stro n g I team s . Tlio squaw s have a field of sev e n teen h u n d r e d acres o f corn, in contiguous patches, cul tivated by them e n tirely , with hoes, U ieir hands, and a kind o f seoop-tool mado ou t of buffalo horn. I t is of u kind called squaw corn o r P a w n e e corn, with a d a r k bluish grain . T h e corn was perfectly clean, scarcely a w eed o r sp e a r o r g r a s s to be seen any w h e re, with e ig h t to ten stalk s in a bill, which is r e a lly w h a t its nam e implies, being a pile o f ciirtli som e six to ten inches high aro u n d the u p r ig h t sticks tw e lve to fifteen feet high, w a u led to g e th e r , one co rral belonging to each lodge, and close to it as p a r t o f tbo establishm e n t, and the m a n u re piled up, or throw n o n t anywhere. Tills, w ith t ie black m u d , g r e e n w a ter pools, and g e n eral filth, w ithout a p a rticle o f grass, o r a n y th in g u p o n winch th e eye could r e s t witli pleasure, p r e sen ted such a p ictu r e as caused ou r h e a r ts to ache for o u r p o o r r e d b r e th r e n a n d sisters ! T lie condi tion o f tilings w as r e n d e red w o rse th a n ueual a t th e tim e of o n r visit, from the alm o st u n p r e c e d e n ted am o u n t o f r a in w hich h a d fallen thia s e a son. A n d th e y still rem a in In this condition, after th e thousands and thousands of dollars expended by G o v e rnm e n t for tlieir Improvem e n t, and with the tw o hundred and eighty-eight thousand acres o f r ich land, o f th e very best quality which they , i = i 1 isvsi, quality WHICH stalks, and e ig h teen inch e s in diam e ter. T h e own ! I T h e r e can and m a s t be an lfiiDrov< frrnwlli r ,f fhn — __ _ ..t ____ ______ , :.. . v._. _____ if.. .... 1 gro w th o f th e corn w as m o st v ig o rous, the ground being v e ry rich. I t is said th e y raise eighty to io h u n d r e d bushels to the ucre. F rom tlie corn field ’.re w e n t to th e to p of the north bluff b o r d e r of the valley, nnd had a fine and extend e d view of th e prairie, tho beautiful valley som e ten m iles w ide below us, w ith th e winding “ L o u p ,” like a silver ribbon, e x ten d in g e a s t and w e st a s fur a s th e eye could reach , and th e South P l a tt e visible, lying in the sunshine in tlie rem o te s t d is tan c e ; tlie s h a d o w s o f c louds floating over tlie w ide valley, th e fields of w h e a t and c o rn dotted over th e landscape, giving differen t sh a d e s like M o saic w o rk ; h u n d r e d s o f In d ian ponies grazing on th e slopes, a n d a f te r a while some dozen In dians m o u n ting an equal n u m b e r o f ponies, gave u s tlie finest specim e n o f a horse rac e (not so r e g a r d e d by them , b u t a s only a ride) we liad ev e r w itnessed. I t w as as .if th e y said, “ best fellow b e a ts ,” and sta r te d off to te s t it. I t w as v e ry in spiriting, and w e w e r e pleased to see them have so much ap p a r e n t enjoym e n t. T h e Indians select th e m o st elevated rang e s for th e ir rides, and, as seen m o v ing alo n g th e horizon in relief on the evening sky, an In d ian a t lull sp e e d on his little pony, w ith its head and nose stre tch e d o u t, tbe Iu- d ian leanin g forw a rd till his h e a d is n e a r ly ovor th a t o f th e pony, both seem ing to b e striv in g to g e t on faster by these m e ans, th e In d ian ’s b lanket stre a m in g in tb e a i r far behind, and th e pony’t long tail s tr e a m in g a f te r It, leaves a n im p ression on th e b e h o ld e r no t soon to be erased . B u t, poor things, h u n g r y aud d e s titu t e as they are, we did sincerely w ish th e y could be em p loyed in a way which w o nld p r o d u c e a supply to t h e ir n e e d s. A f t e r tea w e rod e o v e r to th e tw o Ind ian villages, in w hich all tlie m e m b e rs of tlie four b a n d s of thePaw - nees reside, e x c e p t abo u t tw o hu n d r e d w a rriors, who a r e now o u t in th e a rm y ou d n ty un d e r th e g e n e , m l G o v e r n m e n t. T h e villages a r e ab o u t a mile and a h a lf from th e school and agency, a n d abo u t a m ile a p a r t, on a high, d r y p iece of lan d . W e n e v e r saw, n o r c o u ld have im a g ined, s u c h a sig h t ns th e s e v illages p r e s e n ted . T h e In d ian s all flocked o u t o f th e ir lodges to se e us, som e dressed in blankets, b r ig h t, bine and red , som e in buffalo skins, and tb e child r e n , w h o a r e very num e rous, in “ n a tu r e ’s b r o a d clo th ,\ all th e m a les under tw e lve y e a r s old hav in g no th in g w h a tev e r on. wo w e r e g o ing , w e m e t th e h e a d chief, “ Big E a g l e ,” o f th e L o n p band, who occupy one village, and his “ Q u e e n ,” w ith liis b r ig h t tom a h aw k , fine blanket, a n d o th e r acco u trem e n ts indicative o f his dignity, and th e y g o t hi o u r w agon and r o d e back to tlie villoge w ith us. lie took u s to th e ir “ lodge’ and in tr o d u c e d us to his fo u r w ives, all sisters, liis q u e e n bein g th e eldest. W e w ill en d e a v o r to describ e an In d ian “ mud lod g e .” A lodge is to co n tain from five to te n fam ilies, o r from tw e n ty-five to fifty persons, som e tim es we w e re told eveu a g r e a t e r num b e r. I t is, iu gen e ral a p p e a ra n c e , like a m a g n ified “ heap o f b u ried p o tato e s ,” and is m a d o by p lacing poles some tw e n ty-five f e e t long, w ith th e low e r ends iu a cir cle, som e fifty f e e t in diam e ter, and th e tops com ing n e a r to g e th e r , say leaving au o p e n ing th r e e o r fo u r f e e t in d ia m e t e r a t th e v e r te x , and all k e p t in place by w a lllin g w ith sm a ll branches o f t r e e s : th is w a ttling e x ten d in g dow n to n e a r th e ground. U p o n th e s e poles is throw n som e p r a ir ie g r a s s , and th e n a thick c o a tin g o f e a r th . T h e “ d o o r -w a y ” consists o f an av e n u e o r hail, som e s ix f e e t high, and th e sam e w idth, and tlie one we m e a s u r e d ex te n d e d tw e n ty-four f e e t from th e g r e a t a r e a within. A fire is k e p t constantly burn in g in th e cen tr e of tlio lodge, w h e re a d e p ressio n o f u b o u t one foot in d e p th and fo u r fee t in d ia m e ter is m a d e in the earth floor, a n d th e sm o k e r is e s th r o u g h tlie open ing a t th e to p , e x c e p t w lm t g e ts flared o u t into tlie a p a r tm e n t, w h ich som e tim e s s e e m e d a goodly pro portion. All a rou n d the c ircu lar inside a re a , a d ja c e n t to th e poles, a r e sleep in g places, like the b e r th s in th e side o r a vessel, w ide enough to hold tw o to four o r fivo p e rso n s side by side, and from ton to tw e n ty such b e rth s in a lodge. In fro n t of | eacli b e rili is a kind o f bench, used as a “ stow away ” place f o r blankets, skins and e x tr a c lothing of tlie fam ily occupying th e b e rth, and u n d e r this bench the rem a in d e r o f tlie family’s goods seem e d to bo p u t aw a y . T h e inside o f o n e o f these lodges w as a n o b ject o f no o r d in a r y in te r e s t and curiosity. T lie lo n g inclined poles, con s titu tin g tlie original fram e w o rk, affording places for suspending and securing tom a h aw k s, pipes, b e a r s claws, e lks horns, wolfs e a r s , and every im a g inable acquisition of In- d ian value, aud wo much wished we could b r in g a p h o to g r a p h o f it for o u r friends a t home. T lie centre a r e a aro u n d tlie fire is thus left entirely clear. N o ligh t o r a ir is ad m itted into the lodge, ex c e p t from th e d istan t doorw a y , and the opening a t th e top o f tho lodge throu g h w h ich the sm o k e passes. B lankets and skins a r e som etim es laid on the e a r th floor around th e fire, to sit or recline on. One of these lodges, as before re m a rked, accom m o d a tes ft'om twenty-five to fifty people—from five to ton families—often, p e rh a p s generally, tlioso or relativ e s —os a g r a n d f a th e r , liis c h ildren a n d grandchildren. A vessel rem a ins continually suspended over tlio fire in w hich nre cooked provisions for tho family, ns beef, pork, potatoes, beans, hom iny, otc. T h e b r o a d 1b mado up in wooden tray s m a n u factu red by th e Indians, anil placed lu a thinlsli cake on a sm o o th board. A hot stone, s e v e r a l o f w h ich aro continually In and aro u n d th e fire, is thon pulled o u t a convenient dlstuuce, and th e b o a rd containing tlio bread is loaned ag a in s t it, and tho bread thus exposed to tho lire to bake. . Tlio Indians reg a r d It u n n a tural th*‘ * BQt fa m ily should be h u n g r y a t o n c e ; t W ^ jg u n d e rstan d it, and th e y never so ’when cu s to m u r j wltfc u « ' « the p o t an J hung r y helps himself o r herseii in th e ir c o n d ition. T h e y nre capable a n d ( ieslrr o f receiving it, th e G o v e rnm e n t is willing i it, and th o s e will c e r tain ly be fonnd who a ' to e n te r upon th e in teresting engageo- d e a v o r ln g to elev a te a n d Improve iher B e sides th e lodges above descrft “ skin lodges,” used w h en o n a h u - p a th , a d a p ted fo r sev e r a l families; “ T e p e e ,” which is a lodge f o r a si< th e ir “ sum m e r te n t ” o f canvass, - used by soldiers in camp. - Ou softie o f th e reserv a tion s they s n te 'i tu i o f tlie elm o r c o tton w ood tree , for the pole* earth roof, b u t the in te r n a l a r r a n g e m e n t o f lodge is e n tirely sim ilar to tliat o f th e m u d lodges. W e found m o re neatness and com fort, too., or. off the o th e r reservatio n s than on th a t o f th e P a w n s ea, and m a n y of the Indians living iu f ram e o r log houses, s c a tt e r e d o v e r th e ir r e servations. In front, o r som e tim e s inside o f th e ir village lodge, is a “ c a c h e ,\ o r an o p e n ing d b g iu to lhe g r o u n d , j u g sh a p e d , la rg e enough a t its m o u th for a m a n to e n ter, and th e n a larg e excavation made below , w ith a co v e r o f sod p r e p a r e d to fit nicely, so th a t no o n e w ould be able to s e e w h e re it ls. iu tliis place th e y stow aw a y a n y e x t r a food, blankets, buffalo skins, etc., e tc., th e y m a y have, to be used w h en needed. T h e ev e n in g w as beautiful, and hundreds of Indians, w ith tlieir b r ight red blankets, coold be seen w a n d e ring o r riding over th e broad p r a i r i y ' in all directions, giving a life and picturesquengss to th e scene, and aw a k e n ing much thought, \y1dch w o u ld be tin c tu r e d with sadness ! W lm t Is to be tlie r e s u lt ? H o w can w e get hold o f lhj(rn, so as to giv e beneficial direction to th e ir w a n d e rings, a n d p r e s e n t som e a ttrac tiv e and elevated o b ject b e fore th e m to asp ir e a f te r ? T H E K U - K L U X I N N O R T H C A R O L I N A . A METHODIST MINISTER AND TEACHER i BEATEN, AND ABUSED. j Reservation, i hun g ry help s b o a r d .” S S S u / w NO way aifforcntiN appearance. T h e following painful p ictu r e of a K u - K lu j .o m - rage, p e r p e tr a te d on th e n ight of tho 26th nit., it; a N o rth C a rolina village, h a s been h a n d e d to the P h iladelphia B u lletin - b y that- S e c r e tary o f the F r ien d s ’ F r e e d m e n ’s R e lief A ssociation. T h e wit ness a n d w riter, who is the victim himself, is p r in c i pal o f a colored N o rm a l School a t Com p any S hops, N. C., w h ence his le tte r , w ritten to one o f the Su p e r in t e n d e n ts o f tlie A ssociation, is addressed. H e is a g e n tlem a n o f education and a r d e n t piety, and w as form erly te a c h e r of a G ram m a r School in Philadelphia. C ompany S hops , N . C., Nov. 28th, 1869. M y D e a r F r i e n d : —* * I will g iv e you a plain account o f th e te r r ib le affair, to co rrec t the ex a g g e r a ted rep o r ts th a t m a y r e a c h yonr ear. I havo received injuries in body and m ind from w h ich I shall n e v e r entirely recover. On th e evening o the 26th inst. th e colored converts sen t fo r m e to p r e a c h for them , as th e ir m in ister w as absent. A fter m a k ing a few b r ief a p p e a ls to them , during w hich th e r e was som e d isturbance from m a sked m e n outside, I retu r n e d hom e , accom p a n ied by tw o o f m y pupils. W e retired . A t m idnight we w e re aro u s e d by a b e a tin g ngainst th e back door o f o u r house. Soon we heard th e low hum of voices in the adjoining room. A s soon as 1 left m y bed four m e n , disguised in Satanic g a rb, seized m e by m y feet and arm s and h u r ried m e aw ,y in double quick tim e, r e g a rd less o f my com fort, until 1 e x p lained to them th a t my diseased knee w ould n o t b e a r such usage, and plead e d w ith them to favor it. W h e u they conld n o t silence my irre p ressible s c ream s by s tr ik in g m e on th e head with a pistol, a n d th r e a te n in g lo blow o u t my bruins, one o f tlie ban d r e len ted , and offered to c a r r y me upon liis shoulders. H o p r e ten d e d to be a “ black nig g e r ,” and hence arose his sym p a thy far me, but ho soon w e a ried, and others to o k th e ir tu r n , who re fused to c a m ' me, and tried to m a k e me walk, but I c ould not w ithout m y crutches. T h en they seized me by the f e e t and head again and h u r ried m e on. I asked them w h at harm I had done them. T h ey an s w e r e d : “ T e a c h ing niggers, and m a k ing them equal to white folks.\ T h e y brought o th e r c h a r g e s ag a in s t me, which I told thom w e re not true. T h e y said th a t I m u st loavo the S tate w ithin ten days. W h en I started I had on ouly my s h ir t a n d draw e rs, which w e re soon torn from m y body by th e top s o f tlio bushes thro u g h w hich th e y b o r e me. They seated mo on the gro u n d and g a v e m e ab o u t thirty lushes, ju d g in g from my a p p e a ra n c e th e n e x t day, far I fainted d u r ing th e o p e ratio n . T h e y used a raw hide and sev e r a l g r e e n h ickory slicks. I re m e m b e r being a ro u s e d by a kick in my side, and w as asked to r ise, b u t I could n o t They lifted me up and cu t th e h a ir from one side o f my head, a n d p a in ted h a lf of my h e a d and face black. W hoa th e y sta r te d off from tlio thicket where I lay, I ask e d them th e direction of a house. One of them kiudly show ed m e tlio road, to which I crept, but did n o t know which way to move to th e nearest i . , . i know the direction o f tho house ; b u t by the s tars i shops, aud soon beard the voice o f my e v e r faith ful wife alone, calling for mo. She arose from the bed ’a t the same m o m ent I did aud attem p ted , , r the mask from the fifth ono of tho band, (^ s u c c e e d e d In gettin g p a r t of it, and then ran from tho room, h a lf-dressed, and a roused the whole village. Banda of whito m e n and negroes wero soon scouring th e woods f o r me. T h is caused my persecutors to be In g r e a t h a s te to carry mo far th e r than th e y Intended to a t first M any w ere panic-stricken and w ould n o t a id in the pu r s u it I was e x p o sed th r o e ho u r s to night air w ithout clothing, and hopped 1 1-2 miles with the aid o f a stick lo m e e t my wife with m y crutches. A milo farth e r b r o u g h t u s homo. Sovoral tim es I paused from exhaustion. A colored mau hastened to bring m e my clothes, aud offored to b e a r m e ln his arm s. • * * T h e Ku-Klux b a te a m a n in proportion as lie w o rks for th e elevation o f the negro. P e r h a p s thoy w ere a llowed to scourge me,
