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(Continuedfrom tht Fourth 1'age.)'- — 'Die public money should not he mingled with the private funds of banks or individuals, or he used for private purposes. When it is placed in banks fur safe keeping, it is in effect loaned to ihero without interest, and is loaned by them upon interest to the borrowers from them. The' public money is converted into hanking capital, nnd is used and loaned out for the private profit of hank stockholders; and when called for (.is was the case jn -I -<37,) it may be in the pockets of tin- borrowers from the banks, instead of lieuur in the public treasury contemplated by the constitution The framcrs of the constitution could never have intended that the money pan) into ihe treasury should be thus converted to private use, and placed beyond the control of thcgovcriiniiuit. Banks, \which hold tbe.puMir money, are often tempted, hy a desire \nfgniii toextend their loans, increase their circulation, ami thus stimulate, if not produce a spirit ufVpecula lion and extrava gance, which tanner 01 later, must remifi in ruin to thousands. If the public money he tint per milled to be thus used, but be kept in the trea sury and paid out to the pilhlic-credilurs in cold and silver, the temptation afforded hy its depositc with banks to an undue expansion of their busi ness would he checked, while the amount of the constitutional currency left in circulation would be enlarged, by its employment in the public collections and disbursements, and' the hanks themselves wuultiy 1h consequence, be found in a jsaler ahirsnuVdeTCriodlllnll. 1 :— — At present, State hanks are employed as de' positories, but without Adequate regulation of law, wltereby tlie public money can be secured against the casualties and excesses, revulsions, suspen sions and defalcations, to which, from overissues, overtrading, an inordinate desire for gain, or other causes, they are constantly exposed. The Secre tary of the Treasury has in all cases, when it w>i practicable, taken collateral security for the •mount which they hold, by the pledge of stocks of the United Slates, or such of the Slates as were in good credit. Some of (he deposits banks have given this description of security, and others hare declined to do so. of the moneys of the'government from hanking institutions is indispensable for the safely of the funds of the- government and the rights of the people,'! rcnoinmrnd to Congress that provision be maae By law/iir such separation, and that a con stitutional treasury be created for the sale keep ing of the public money. The constitutional treasury recommended is designed ss a secure depository for the public money, without any power to make loans or discounts, or to issue any paper whatever as- a currency or circulation, I cannot doubt that such a treasury as was con templated by the constitution, should he inde pendent of all banking corporations. The money of the people should he kept in the treasury of the people created by law, and be in the custody of agents of the people chosen hy themselves, ac cording to the forms of the constitution; agents who ore directly responsible to the government. —whosre under adequate bonds nml oalhs.anj who Wire subject to severe punishments for any p,m- Dezzlement, private use,or misapplication of the public funds, and lor any failure in other respects to perform their duties. To say that the people or their government are Incompetent or p,ot tu be trusted with the cuslu -viduals upon n stipulated rent The system of j granting leases has proved to be not only unpro fitable to the Government, but unsatisfactory to the citizens who have gone* upon the lands, and must, if continued, lay the foundation of much future difficulty between the Government\ arid the lessees. Accordirg to the official records, tlie a- niount of rents received hv the Government for the years 1811, '45, '43 and '44, was 86,35< 74. while the expenses fif the system during the same' period, including salaries of superintendents, n- L'entx. clerks, and incidental expenses, were 826,- 111 11 —the income being leva ihan.nne-fourlh of the expenses. To this pecuniary loss maybe added the injury sustained by the public in enn- wqneiipc ol the destruction of timber and the careless and wasteful manner of working the mines. The system has given rise, to much litigation between the II. States and iudividual citizens, producing irritation and excitement in the mine' rat region, nnd involving the government in hca- ~v.v-addUicWl\expenditures. ~lt is T>eTieved THaT similar losses and embarrassments will continue to occur, while the present system of leasing these lands remains unchanged. These lands are now\ under the superintendence and care of the War Department, with the ordinaryjlutics of which they-have no proper or natural connection. I recommend the repeal of the present system, tand- that these lands he placed under the superin tendence and management of the General Land 'Dffiwj n» oilier puhtia.lnnd«i and ba hniugJ ma'rkct and sold upon such terms as Congresl in tpeir wisdom nwvjjrescribe, reserving to the go vernment an equitable per .centage of the gross amount of mineral product, and that the pre emption principle be extended to resident\miners and settlers Upon them, at the minimum price which may be established by Congress. •* I refer you to the accompanying report of the Secretary of War, for information respectlfer the present situation of the army, and its-operations during the past year; the-atate of our defences; the condition of the puhlic works; and our rela tions with the various Indian tribes within our li mits or upon our borders. I ipvite your attention ntertsihiwg^lie~oplnlmrtrnTr*'rhe aeparatinn^toMhe^uggestionsKiontained-in-that-report.in-re-- dy of their own money, in their own treasury, provided by themselves, but must relv on the presidents, cashiers Bnd stockholders of\ banking corporations, not appointed hy them, nor respon sible lo tbem, would he to concede that they are incompetent forself-troverninent. In recommending the establishment ofa consti tutions'! treasury, in whicli the public money shall be kept, I desire that adequate provision be made by law for its safety, and that all executive dis cretion or control over it s/iall be removed, except such as may be necessary in directing its disburse ment in pursuance of appropriations made bv law. Under our present lind system, limiting tfie mi nimum price at which the public lands can he en tered to gl 25 per acre; large quantities ol lands of inferior quality remain unsold, because they will not command that price. From the records' of the General Land Office it appears that, of the public landj remaining unsold to the several slates and territories in whirli they are situated, 3D.105,- 677 acres have been in the market, subject to en try more than twenty years; 49.638.C41 acres for more than fifteen years; 73,074,600 acres for more than ten years; and 106,176,961 acres for more than five years^ Much ||ie largest portion of these lands will continue to be unsaleable ai the mini' mum price at which they arc permitted to he sold, BO long as large\territories of lands fruni which the more valuable portions have not been selected are annually hro't into market by the government. With the virw to the sale and settlement of these IrrfcnorlaudH, I recommend that the price be graduated and reduced below thei-prcsent mi nimum rate, confining the sales at the reduce.il prices to settlers and cultivators, in limited quanti ties. If graduated and reduced in price fir a lint- -ited term trr-^t-OO-per-acrerand-afler-the expira la t ion to these prominent objects of national in terest. When orders were given during the past sum mer for concentrating a military force on the western frontier of Texas, our troops were wide ly dispersed, and in .small detachments, occupy ing posts remote from each other. The prompt and expeditious manner in which an army, em bracing more than half our peace establishment, was drawn together on an emergency so sudden, reflects great credit on the officers who were in trusted with the execution of these orders,as well •as upon the discipline of the arm/Itself. To be in strength to protect and defend the people and territory of Texas, in the_ event Mexico should commence hostilities, or invade her territories with a large army, which she threatened, 1 au thori7,ed the general nssigned to the command of . _ . the army of occupation t\ m»ktt-rfq'mitmin fin | fi^<^—^M^ysreptTnTr-iif-fi tnnt datr of protecting our commerce ; and in the event of war, will be, as it has been, a most effi cient mejins of defence. The successful use of sleam navigation On the bcean lias been followed by the introduction, of waf steamers in ureal and increasing numbers in to (he navies of Ihe principal maritime powers ol the world. 'A due regard to our own safely and to an efficient'protection lo our largo and increas ing commerce, demands a corresponding increase on our part. No country has greater facilities for the construction of vessels of this description than our*, or can promissi itself greater advantages from their employment. They are admirably a- dapted lo the protection of our commerce, to Ibe rapid transmission of intelligence, and to the coast defence. In pursuance of the wise policy ofa gradual increaso of our navy, large .supplies of live oafc limber, and other materials for ship build ing have been collected, and aro now under shel ter and in a state of good preservation, while iron steamers can be built with great facility in vari- -out-partf -of_tha_Utjion. The_jue of iron as • material, especially in the construction of steam ers which can enter with safely many of the har bors along our.coail now inaccessible to vessels of greater draught, and the- practicability of con structing them in the interior, strongly reconr- menils that liberal appropriations should be made for this important object. • Whatever may have beep our policy fn Ihe earlier stages of the government, when the nailc-ft was in its infancy, our shipping interests and corn- ' —' mall, uurTBiBurceHhuiledf MADISON COUNTY WHIG CAZENOVIA, WEDNESDAY, DEC. 10. additional forces from several of the States near est Ihe Texan territory, and which could, most expeditiously furnish them, if, in his opinion, a larger force than that under his command, and the auxiliary aid which, under-like circumstances, he was authorized to receive from Texas, should be required. Tlie cmitliigeiicy upon which • ihe eju'iufce iifj our population sparse' and scascely extending b e yond the limits of (he original thirteen f ta(es~Th\t. policy roust be essentially different now that we have grown from Ihreeio more than twenty mil lions of people, that our commerce carried in our own ships, is found in every sea, 'and our territo rial boundaries add - settlements hare been so greatly expanded. Neither our commerce, nor our long lino of coast on Ibe ocean and on the lakes, can be successfully defended against for eign aggression by means of fortifications alone. These are essential at important commercial and military points, but our chief reliance for this ob ject must be on a well-organized efficient navy. [•^rbe -bBnBfits-resultingjfrom-sucb-a-navy-BrB-nol- confined to the Atlantic States. The productions of the interior, which seek a market abroad, are directly dependent on the safety and freedom of our commerco. The occupation of the Balize below New Orleans, by a hostile force, 'would embarrass, if not stagnate, Ihe whole export trade of the Mississippi, and affect the value of the agri cultural products of Ihe entire valley of that migh ty river and its tributaries. It has never boen our pa'icy to maintain large standing armies in lime of peace. Tbey are con trary to the genius of our free institutions, would impose heavy burdens an the people, and danger ous lo public liberty. O/ir reliance for protec tion and defence an the land must be mainly on our citizen soldiers, who will be everrea'dy, as they ever have heen ready in times past, (brush with alacrity, at thd call of their country, to her de T rr». . , . f-r ^ or, defend qur coasts, harbors, and inland seas, nor protect our commerce on the ocean or the lakes. Theso must bo protected by our navy. ~ Considering an increased naval force, and es pecially of sleam vessels, corresponding with our growth and importance as a nation, and propor tioned (o the \increased and increasing naval PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE .—We give out read- ers the first annual Massage of the President entire. It recommends speedy action on th admission of Texas ; goes in for the whole of Oregon; recommends the establishment of a Sub-Treasury, and a modification of the present Tariff. On this part of the Message, The New-York Tribune say ;-»- \ On the TariffMr. Polk walks nearly up to the Free Trade standard, resorting to ire' qucnt and undignified citations. from his Kane letter. If his recommendations are followed by Congress, the Pennsylvanians will have a practical commentary on that letter not at all to their liking. Nm fate of doty, tlie Message asserts, should be levied higher than that which will produce the greatest amount of Revenue on that article —and of course all our duties\ on good Wool, Cotton\ Beady made Clothing, Iron^ Iron manufac tures, Clo.ths of nearly all kinds, Glass and Glass-ware, Buttons, Pins, Sic. should be cu down. The President has cut out a large Jolt AJf his Ouiigiesaheie, peibaps they will- accoinplish it this sessiorT, perhaps not, At all Ivents, the \swindlers of Pennsylvania stand unmasked, and old Berks will be well paid for Tier \abominable majority wherJ these recommendations are carried out. \ In so far as Mr. Polk sees fit to be frankly hostile to Protection, he opposes our earnest convictions, but in that he is no farther from us than ive are from him. That his Kane letter was used to defraud Pennsylvania into a belief that be was what he was not, he .knows full well, and has known from the. finjl \But he never \deceifeTitre; —W \rr \kuew his - ] history, his associations, his votes, and-re garded these rather than electioneering let ters. We expected as many deadly slabs at Protection in the Message as he. and his ad visers knew how to give. But his repetition of the lowest cant of the bar-room and the Ward caucus about taxing the planter, the farmer, &c to enrich the mauafacturer, fos tering one interest at the expense of the rest, &c. excites irrepressible loathing. It is re plete with the essence of Loco-Focoism, which lives on exciting one class of the com munity to envy and hate another. When Washington, Madison, the Clintons, Tomp kins, - &c. recommended Protection ,Uhey did tinn of that perjpd for a second and third term to-] lower rales, n Urea portiqji of these lands would be purchased, and many worthy citizens, who ore unable to pay higher rates, could purchase homes for themselves and their families. Dy adopting the policy of graduation and reduction of price, these inferior lands will he sold for their real va lue, while the States in which they lie will be freed from the inconvenience, if not injustice, to which they arc subjected, in consequence of the U. Slates continuing to own large quantities of. public lands within their borders, not liable to taj ation fur the support of their local governments. I recommend the continuance of the policy of granting pre-emptions, in its most liberal extent, 1 to all those who have settled, or may hereafter settle, on the public lands, whether surveyed or unsurveyed, to which the Indian title may have been extinguished at the time of settlement. It has been found hy experience, that in consequence of combinatinns'of purchasers and other causes, a very small quantity of the public lands, when sold at puhlic auction, commands a higher price tharj_the_rninihiura rate established by law. The settlers on The public lands are, however, but rarely able to secure (heir homes and improve ments at the public sales at that rale; because these combinations, by means of the capital they -command, and their superior ability to purchase, render it impossible for the settler to compete with them in ihe market. Dy putting down all competition, these combi nations of capitalists and speculators are usually the im- enabled to purchase the land*,, mcludjng provements of the spiders, nt the minimum price of the Government! and either turn them out of their homes, or extort from them, according lo their ability to pay, douhle or qundruple the at mount pa id for them to.the>Governmcnt. It is to the enterprise and persevcrence of the hardy pio- . neers of the west, who penetrate the wilderness with their families, softer the dangers, the priva tions and hardships ailcmlmi: the sr-lllrmmt ofa new country, anil prepare the way for the body of emiarants, who, in the course of a few years, u- •ually follow them, that we arc, in a great de gree, indebted for the rapid extension and ag grandizement of our country. Experience has provn] that no portion of our population arc more patriotic than ihe hardy and brave meruit' the frontier, or more ready to\obey th* call of-Jheif country, and to defend her rights and her honor, whenever and hy whatever enemy assailed. They should he protected from the graspirfg speculator, and secured, at the mini mum price of the public lands, in the humble homes which they have improved by their labor. ^Vitfj this end in view, lill vt-x.-iiVws or unneces sary restrictions imposed upon ijiero by the ex isting pfe-cmption laws should be repealed or modified. It is the true pohev of the Govern- \inent to afford facilities to its citizens lo become the ownera of 6iii.nl: portions of our-vaal public domain at low and moderate rules, \The present system of managing the -mineral lands of the U.\ States is believed to be radically defective. Mont than a million acres of ihe pub lic lands, supposed to contain lend ami i\tlicr mi- ihis authority depended, has not occurred. The circumstances under which two companies of Slate Artillery from the city of N.'Orleans were sent into Texo's.nnd mustered into tht service of the U. Slates, are fully stated in the report oftlle Secretary of War. I recommend to Congress that provision be made for the payment of these troops, as well as a small number of Texan vol unteers, whom the commanding general tho't it J nercssary lo receive or muster into our service. - During the last summer, the first regiment of dragoons made extensive excursions through the j Indian country on our borders, n part of ihemad- vnnping nearly lo the possessions of the Hudson's Bay Canipany in the North, and a part as far as ihe'SouIh Pass ofihe Rocky Mountains, and the head waters of the tributary streams of the Colo rado of the West. The exhibition of this military force among the Indian tribes in tho«e distant re gions, and the councils held with them by the commanders of the expeditions, it is believed, wiil'have a salutary influence in restraining (hem from hostilities ambn'g themselves, and maintain ing friendly'relntions Iictwccrt them and the U. Stales. An interesting account of one of these excursions accompanies the report of the Secre tary of War. Under the directions of the War Department, Brevet Captain Frecmont, of the Corps of Topo- craphical Engineers, has been employed since 1842 in exploring the country West of ihe Mis- aisxippl, and beyond the Rocky Mountains. Two expeditions have already been brought to\a close and the reports of that scientific and enterprising officer have furnished much interesting and valu able information. He is now engaged in a third expedition; but il is not PippRtPif thnl tliia-anlu^ | mi s service will be completed in season to enable me to communicate the result to Congress at the present session. Our relations wilh tha Indians are ofa favorable character. The policy of removing ihem lo a country designed for (heir permanent residence, west oflhe'Misii'iippi, and without tba limits of (he organized Slates and Territories, is better ap preciated by Ihem Ihsn it was a few years ago ; while education is n(f54a(tended to, and the habits of civilized life are, gaining ground among Ibem. Serious difficulties of long standing continue lo distract Ihe several parties into which Iho Chero kee! are unhappily divided. The efforts of the government toadjuslthe difficulties between Ihem have heretofore proved unsuccessful; and there remains' no probability (hat (his desirable object can ba accomplished without (ho aid of further legislation by Congress. 1 will, at an early periodl of your session, present Iho subject for^our coa? siderat'rbn, accompanied with an exposition of the complaints and claims of the several parties into which Iho nation is divided, with a view to (bo adoption ol such measures by Congress as may enable the Executive to do justice to them -res pectively, and to put an end, if possible, lo the dissensions which nave long prevailed, and still prevail among (hem, I refer you lo the report of Ihe Secretary of Ihe Navy for Ihe present condition of (hat branch of the national defence ; and for grave suggestions, +aving^foi'-(be1r-objeeMbe increase of ils efficien up of new branches.of Industry w-ould great ly benefit (not injure) those already in thrifty existence. Gen. Jackson, (in his letter to Dr. Coleman, 1824,) maintained that the true way to benefit our Farmers was to rai^e up Mnnafactures on our own soil, and thus- fur- P^we^e^e^&n^^^ ° larger .and, better market for Farm gar'ds.ouf safety, and th^ great and growing inter ests (o be protected by it, 1 recommend the sub ject to the favorable consideralion of Congress. The report of Ihe Postmaster General, herewith communicated, contains a detailed statement of the operations of his department during the past year. Il will bo seen that the income frjim post ages will fall short of Ihe expenditures for Ibe rear bntwoen one and two millions of dollars.— This deficiency has been caused by the reduction of Ibe rales of postage, which was made by Ihe act of Ihe third of March last. No principle has been more generally acquiesced in by the people than that this department should sustain itself by limitingitsexpendilures lo ils income. Congress has never 'sought to make it a source of revenue for general purposes, except for a short period du ring the last war with Great Britain, nor should it ever become a charge on Iho general treasury. If Congress shall adhere to this principle, as I think il ought, il '\'ill be necessary either lo cur tail ihe present mail service, so as to reduce Ihe expenditures, or so to modify Ihe act'of the third of March last as lo improve ils revenues. The extension of the mail service, and the additional (aci'ilies whicli will be demanded by the rapid extension and increase of population on our west ern frontier, will not admit of such curtailment as will materially reduce Iho present expenditures. In the adjustment of the tnrilT of postages the in terests of Ihe people demand thai Ihe lowest rates be adopted which will produce Ihe necessary rev enue to meet Ihe expenditures of the department. \I invite the attention of Congress to Ihe tuzges- tions of tha Postmsster General on this subject, under the belief that such a modification of Ihe law may be made as\ willyield sufficient revenue Without further call* nn ihe Ireaiury, and with ve ty lill'e change in fhe present rales of postage. Proper measures have been takon, in pursuance of (he act of the third ol March last, for the es tablishment of lines of mail steamers between Ibis and foreign countries. The importance of Ibis seivice commends itself strongly to favorable consideration. Wllh tlie growth of <mr country, Uw public button! which it- ToWctoo UiohndJ orihe Krcral CiecuUrt ecparlmentihu great, iacrcited. In asm«_£cipccli, the distribution of dullci amoog cni aecmi lo bo incoocrDOoi, «od m«ny of HUM night be tnot- frrred from one to uiothcr with idtaotage to Iho pnblie {ntereiti. Ir ioereiied, them >eemi I frrred from one to another with idtaotai-e to Iho nnblie Intel A more autplciooi lime for the coniiderallon of (Mi tubjeel bj Con cy, and a greater economy in its management.— fiiirjng ilm pa>| year the officers and men have performed Ibeir duly in a satisfactory manner.— Tlie orders which have been given, have been ex ecuted with promptness and fidelity. A larger force (ban has often formed one squadron nnder our flag was readily concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico,and. apparently, without unusual effort. !(is especially-to be observed, thai, notw'ithtland-' inf ihe union of so considerable a force, no act was committed tliat even the jealousy or an irrita ted power could construe as an act of aggression ; and that the commander of Ihe squadron and his officers, in strict conformity with their instructions hoJcfihg themselves ever ready for Ihe niost active duty, nave achieved lb» still purer glory of con tributing to Iho preservation of peace*. It is be hoved that at all our foreign stations, the honor of our ling has been mail lained, and that, generally, our ships of war bare been distinguished for their good discipline and order. I am happy to add, thai the display ot maritime force which was re quired hy Ihe events ol Ihe summer, has been made wholly within the usual appropriations for the service of the year, so thai no additional ap propriations are required. The commerce of the_UnilejlSl«tes, and with il the navigating interest, have steaililwand rapidly increased since Ihe organization of our govern ment, until, it iVbelieved, we are,jtoiv second to but nrie power in the world, anda'l no distant day wa--shnll probably be irrfcriorto' none. Exposed greu wllh » tlew to ijilera in Ibe .orginlulion of the Krenil de partment*, and a more appropriate diten ion of the public busineit, will not probabl} occur. The ronit important dutiei of the Slate Deportment relate lo oar foreign attain. Dj the great enlargement of Uie limit j of na tiona, Ihe increase of our commerce, and ihe correipondinr exteo' sioa of our consular fjslem, the business of this department has been greatly increased. Jn its present organization, many duties of a domestic nature, and consisting of details, are dcrolred on the Secretary of Stale, which do not appropriately belongtothe foreign I d5r^miMjSfJbe;gojeram?nt,jliimaj propcrl;JieJran«rerredloJ some-other departmcnC \One of these Rrbwi out of the present\ state of the law concerning Ihe Patent Office, which a few years since, was a subordinate clerkship, but has become a distinct bureau of great Importance. With* an eteeltent internat organfiaUoD, it it slill connedeS with Ihe Slate Department, tn the transaction of lis business, quettlont of much importance to ioTcntort, and to the community, frrouently arise, which, by eitstiog laws are re ferred for deeliloo to a board, or which the Secretary of Bute Is a member. These questions are legal, sad the eonnnioa which now eiiili between the Slate Department and the Patent OUke, may/ with great propriety and adrantige, be transferred to the Attorney General. to his Tut annual tneiiige to Congres*, Mr. Madison (netted frt* tendon to a-proper prorition for the Attorney General at an f im portant improrement in the execullre establishment. 1 * The recom mendation was repeated by tome of his successors. The official den (let of (he Attorney General here been much (net-eased within a few yean,-sad his olfiee has become one of great importance. Hit duties may be slltt furthor Increased with adrantage to the public intcretta As an eieeutfte offlcer, hit residence and constant at' tendon at the seat ofgorernmefft**** required, l^fgal qaestioas, inroltinic important principles and large amouoli ofpubltc money, are constantly referred to him by the President and esecoUeo de partments for his ciamtnaUon and decision. The public business under his official management before the judiciary has been so aug mented by Ihe extension of our territory, and the acts of Congress authorizing soils against Ihe United Staterfpr Urge bodies ofralu- Produce than all Europe had previously al- forded. Jefierson had said nearly the same in his Jetter to Benj. Austin, 1816. We in sist that the pretended followers of the origi nal Democracy (by whom the Protective P Q U| icy was defended and established, in opposi tion to the Federalists) ought not lo assume so complacently that these great men were all dupes, or were bribed to favor manufac tures when there were none in existence.— Let them tell us how and wherein the found er* of our Republic were so utterly duped and deluded-ns to suppose they were legisla ting to benefit the Farmers, when they were really heaping burthens upon them, and only profiling a class which had then no existence. Mr. Polk ! wo who stand for Protection hnve long ago considered all you here urge agninst the Tariff\ and are sur.e it is fallacious. You talk as though utterly ignorant of one side of the question, or choose to assume its non-ei- jstence.— - - - — We shall see how Congress goes to work imposing low duties on such articles as the Poor consume, and higher on those used by the Rich. When the time comes, we have a word tasjjy on this point.\ \The Message is ably written,and speaks favorably of the writing talent of the Cabi net. Though recommending an immense a- mount of mischief, it is throughout studious ly shaped to catch popularity, and will have some success. It is not when talked about but when reduced to practice, that such in culcations make themselves generally under stood.\ From the Argot—Extra, Thursday Dee. 4. rrightful Railroad Collision. At half-past 5 o'clock on Wednesday nfier- nnoir, a serious collision took place on the* Boston t-and Alhnny Railroad, a short distnne'e from Chester Village, 21 miles this side fif Spring field. The particulars, which we have from n reliable source, are as follows: . The- passenger train watt coming' in, and Ihe freight train going out (for ftoston,} $l was tlie dut^of the paBsenger train lo have remained at Chester Village until the freight train'lind reach ed its station at that village. It started; how ever, four minutes in advance of its time, and in the course of these four minutes encountered the freight train, under full speet; The collision was frightful. Both locomotives ran into each other, smashing them into a thou sand pieces. Fourcars, two on each train, (the post office\ express and baggage enrs of Ihe pas senger train, nnd two freight cars) were also en- tirely demolished; The greatest alarm and con' fusion prevailed; Ihe wreck was scattered in every direction; the mail hags nnd their con tents and the express packages were thrown along the track, torn open and otherwise dam- need,' and the flour nnd other commodities of the freight train (hmwn down the bank, broken in pieces, and the flour scattered around.. It was soon discovered that lour persons were seriously injured, though it is hoped that but one was fafafly tittrt. Th-il Urau IMirlelt, flrei train, whoseleg was broken, his-shoulder dislo-t} caled, and be ttr'as tfthefwise injured. , He has been on the road ever since its opening, wan in- dustrinns, reliable,\alid much respected. Little hone offi'M recovery f*sta enlertnined. . James Russell, mail agent, leaped from his car, and was badly bruised. Satr/i/el Dennis, of Sp-fngfielrf, baggage mas ter, was taken from under the wreck ofihe loco motives and cars, badly, but it is believed tint fatally hurt. His escape, as well^ps.that of kxis sell.^vas almost mirncuf.nts. The conductor on the Ireight tfain, (Wtrnse I nnmr- tr» r?rn no t h»nrn) wag thrown-mit with Ihe flour and other articles: and when flrst rescued, such is the 1 ruling passion/ drew out his Watch and exclaimed, 'I have four minufear yet on my time !' and then fainted, ite is' supposed nut to be d.nngerotjsly injured. The loss to'the rnilroad company is large, and to Thompson's Express considerable. It is remarkable that not a single passenger was injured: the intervening baggage and ex press cars (which were destroyed) serving no doubt as a protection. The -passenger train was detained until mid night, and arrived bere this morning, other loco motives having been procured from Springfield. The accident is wholly ascribed to the culpa ble determination of the conductor of the passen ger train to proceed from Chester Village, before his time, nnd in defiance of the warnings at that ;o-\expressl^*-*-the-£round-th^ —a result too fa la II v realized. From the Albany Evening Journal. Arrival of the Cambria. FIFTEEN DAVS LATER FROM ENGLAND. The Steamer Cnnibiin, Cnpt. Judfeins, ar- rived nt Boston nt 8 o'clock yosterday i¥rp diiy) morning. We tire indebted lo Thump- philanthropic in it, can raise n,_rnonjter, as the Scottish: Thnne expresses it, whiqh wight ,-ippal tjifc devil !' - Thjcj c:y of 'short co.rn- mons'' comes, home to every one's feelings; every person has a selfish interest in the mat' ter, and pulling out df view the ordinary f ee |. ings of humnnity, a calamity pregnant wijh evils so horrifyint*; in themsolvei, is, of all of/ier circumstances, the mou calculated t<r bring down on the devoted head of an obsti. nine or wrong-heuded minister, the general, sweeping, unmitigated hostility of the com- motiwealtli. It may, therefore, be not un- rharilablj inferred,-that bad as things ore, they are not quite so bad ns they have been represented. Whatever may be thought of Peel's pnrtiulity for his own sliding scale, his interest, his position, his strength us a minister, is certainly not mixed up with its continuances* The Cotton market partakes of tho depres sion into which every description of business is for n time plunged. There is little doing, although, as compared with the inactivity of the previous fortnight, the ronrkel wears symp toms of animation. Since Friday, the amount of business transacted Ims not been large— hardly exceeding 10,000 bngs, and, as com pared wiih the closing prices of last week, a better feeling may be said to prevail, Yejter- ' lmiletNo-goe&4»Bg3r^- - | The'Oregon question is beginning to excite some alarm again, ns the time approaches fur the delivery of the President's Message oh the opening of Congress. It is rumored here—the intelligence-which came to hand yesterday by the Hibernia give confirmation to the statement— that Mr. Polfe will take higher ground on the Question, and that he will gtf further than in his inaugural address-. At nny fipxs of less depression tbmr the present, such an impression would hava mode itself felt on the trmrket, and if may dot so yeti us the- intelligence-by—the—Hibernia-j only came to hand when the business portion of the dny had been partiiilly consumed, fin? probability, however, is, that with* the stagnant feeling in all matters of commerce which rules at prcsetit, people will wait (he result rather than anticipate it hy .any premature move ment/ This vexed- question of the Oregon has, it is said, ecctrpied a great deal of the Cabinet's attention during their late frequent and pro- tractpd sittings, but -on the Cotton market BO perceptible impression has been made. Tffcf'o appears to bo something very warlike in the wind, fof the activity on ihe sea board, and in -t4»e -n*»vj»l--aRienal »r »»-ns atebtiy and unremit ting as when we noticed th* subject a month «r-six--week«-Hg »>j —T-he---«toclc--of--^nti^lrr\| the manufacturing districts is iraid lo beggar- ting low ; indeed it must, in the nature of things, be so, ns, during the brisk season in ihe summer nnd the autumn, the trade merely bought, as the phrase is, from ' hand lo mouth/ try Wo are 1 Clay ' defining*tfrs position' as distinctly and son & <Jo. for a copy of Wilmer& Smiili'i clearly* as he docs in his last True American, European Times of ihe Ifjih November. We and that that position is still on the Whig . are nNo indebted to Mr. KIIIIP , tho Muil Agent\ platform, however unworthily he may have § for Liverpool and Bostori papers been treated by some ofihe Whigs who' com- The British Government had refused tn posed the 'respectable' Lexington mob, with open the Ports. that hybrid politician, Tom Marshall, at the Tho steamers Hibernia and Great Britain head of them, and however much he has had arrived nl Liverpool. . been attempted to be coaxed and wheedled The Cotlon market remains depre<sed. from the Whig ranks by the pestiferous Ah* American Wool continues in demand and olitionists of the North,\' whose opinions (as he says) would have no Weight with the peo ple of the slave States.' 'Do they, (says he, 10 1 speaking to the Abolitionists,) suppose that a man can change his principles as be can his coat ; or would they have us degraded enough to desert what we conceived to be the highest interest of our country, through personal pique, the ingratitude of friends, or disappointed; ambition V—Oneida Whig. competes with Wool from the I'nrilir, A mericu'n Flour (\weet) is quoted at 36i. 6-1 nn(13<s. American Flour (m bund) 3t 32s. Gl. The failure of Ihe I'olatoe Crop in Ireland wns producing great distress and general anxi ety. The intelligence from the Continrnl is not imt orient. The price of Whoat had advanced in-ihe Havre nvukei, hut nothing li id been done in American Flour. Fifteen hundred barrels were there in bond. From WUmer it SralUl't European Tinea. DOMKKTin. Hon. Hubert C. Grier, of Pittsburgh, is understood to hnve been designated hy tlie Presi dent tn (ill the scat on the Supreme Bench of the Moiled Smtrs vacated hy the death of (he late Justire Baldwin. Mr. Grier is now President Judge of the Western Judicial District of Penn- Our paper or fo-d-ty goes by the. Steam svlvnnin. lie came from Columbia County of Ship 'Cambria,! dpt. Judkim, which fe- that Stale, and practised a I the Bar in North- minds us that her last voyage home wns the nmherlnnd and Lycoming Counties. He is a ahortot on record-under 11 days from Bo,- man oftcourtcous nddrest, and was nlways re- • - J garded ns n sound lawyer, huHie never gained the reputation on the Benrh which his colleagues [at the bar, Burnsidcs and Lewis, have acquired. | —Tribune. ahle public IIIKII , ai greatly to Increase hit labora and retpouihil!- tiet. 1 therefore recommend Uiat-the Allorsey General Mpi on the tame footing with the headt of the other executlef depart C7\ Mr. Vinton, of Ohio, was the Whig candidate for Speaker of the House of Rep resentatives. He. received 72 votes. W. Norris, a New Hampshire Loco Foco, re ceived the votes of nine'southern Locos; and W. J. Miller, Native American, received five, votes. fXT* The Binghamton Republican states that Johnson, arrested for the murder of Mrs. Bolt, has been held to bail in the sum of $10,000, and two sureties of $5,000 each We. are indeiled to tha editors of the Albany Journal, and Citizen, for early copies of the Message. O* In the House of Representatives, after the reading of Ihe President's Message had been gone through with, on motion of Mr. Chapman of Alabama, the usual number of copies with, and 20,000 copies without, the documents, were ordered printed. (E7* The amount of Treasury notes out standing Dec. 1, $592;864 38. COKGIXESS .—Tho House was organized on Monday, Iho 1st insl., by the election of John W. Davis, of Indiana, as Speaker. Tho House, after some discussion, adopted the standing Ilulet and orders of the last session, for the present Th The slate of England since we Ia»t addres<- ed our readers has heen very peculiar, and extremely exciting. The feeling then was. that, pressed on all hands by lite criqs of the \ CowsTircTtorTAi, TREASTRT .\—There is n inenli, with each tubordlnate officer*, provided by law for but de< partment, at may be required to ditchare* the additional duUei which hare btee or may be derolred upon hiro. rlerals, have been reserved from sal.-, arul i.unier-1 ly expended, for the-RtadusI inrrraVe' oi n Ur navaf 4 UK leases upon lltvtu have been granted lo indi-' fotcer >-Inpe«-- - .urnaiaj as they must In-, it has bcc/ir, wi«e policy to afTonl to tnesejmporlanl intcre«T<rprolcclinn with our •laps of war, distributed in the great highways of (nine llir.iujjlmurthe world. For more than ifiirly years appropriations have b« n made, and \nnuaj- ol our nava face, our navy performs the impof- Concrm poueti the power of esctutita legtttatios <rrer the Pit- trlct of Colombia, and t commend the interest of the ionabHanti to tour favorable eoniideralion. The people of thu Dittrlct hare no lejIiTaTIre ~Soij 6t their own, and moil conSde their local *» well u their central inlereite to repraentatirti in whooe election theyhare.no rolee, and orerwhote official conduct they hare no control. Each Member of the Natlonal'Lrgiilature thoula conil- der himself » Ihrlr Immedlale repretenUllre, and should fee the more ready to-give attention to their tnlcretta and wants, because be Is not responsible to Ihem. 1 recommend that > liberal and ge' neraus spirit may character!** your measures tn relation to them. J shall Irser be disposed, to show a proper regard for their wishes ; and.withio conUilutinnal limits, shall at all times cheerfully co operate v*ith you for the advancement of their welfare. dJXSSl it m*f not be deemed Inappropriate to Ihe oeeashrn'for me lo dwell for a morrent on the memory of Ihe most eminent citizen of our country, who, dnring the summer that has cone by, has des cended to the tomb. The enjo)nurnt of contemplating, at the ad vanced ape of near four-sero-ey-ars, the happy eondulon of h|s country, cheered-the last hoffrirof Andrew /reason-, who departed ttits life in the tranquil hope of a blessed immortality. His death was happy, as his life had been eminently utrful. llehadanun- firoIterinj;\eonfideuce in Ihe virtue and rapacity of the people, and in the .permanence of IM free rovernment. wiich he had largely contributed to establish and defend. His great deeds had secured lohlm Uiv affections of Ms fenow-eitliens.andltwathishariilocsi to witness Ihe rrowlh and fclery of ills coudtry which he loved so- well, tie departed amidst the benedielionl of mtltions of freefeen. The nation paid ils tribute to his memory at his tomb. Coming crnrratitmi will learn from his eiample Ihe lore of country and the rir,htsorm»n. ID his langaageon a similar occasion to the pre-, sent,\ I now commend you, fellove-eititens, to the guidance of At* michty Ond. wilh a full reliance on Ills merciful providence for the maintenance of our free institutions { and wilh an earnest suppilca* tiou. that whatrvrr erven it may be my tot to commit in discharg- •WE the atiltinus duties which have devolved on ihe, will find a re- ( 1W ^ mI|/l . owdv t» O.e hannony and wisdom oftour counsels\ 1 .1, I> H.„.J?.i, I M. tt.il I WeH.luiton.Dse a,t»u. JiHll K. Tolx. \ I-\ 0 li..SlIHvl SUil Mr. li t 111 he Gag Rule was defeated, by a vote of 12lJ (o Si. Every Loco member from this State TO- leil against the\ Xiag. There were only cltven Lo cos, from all the free Stales who voted fox il.— Tha Whirjs, voted against it of course. Seven Southern Whigs voted against it, Nothing of importance save the reading\ of Ibe Message, was transacted on Tuesday, WASHINGTON, Dec 3.—Nothing of moment done in the Senate. In Ihe House Ritchie and Heiss were elected Printers ; Mr. Newton Lane of Va„ appointed Serj't at Arms'; Mr. Whitney of I.I. Doorkeeper. Il is eslimated.by Ihe Poslmaster General (hat there will be a.diminutinn in (he means of the de partment for Ihe current year of 91,329,997. He propnses tha following reform : 5 .cents for each single letter under 60 iriilcs 10' ' ' ' orer 60 under 300' 15 ' 1 • over 300 « lo continue to IS4S 'when the present rates are to be restored He thinks Ihe single sheet system ought to ba restated, or tho weight of a single letter reduced to $ ounce. Jl3*The following penilc'hVn compose the C'imniitlec of the House of Representatives nn the-Rulns or the Hiuisfc: 31r. Holmes, of S. C, Mr. J. Q. Adams, Mr. Hamlin,\Mr. Hunter, Mr. Chapman, Mr. jloivlin. Mr. Vinlon, Mr-Ga- .,„ \ ,T.„,I T |._ „r \ M:,'.'\ marked, if not studied neolect of Mr.-Van Bureo, country Trod the urgency of the ease. Minis- Jn he £ fe3iden ,. 8 Mvma % e . H e eulogizes Gen. ler* would have opened the ports by an order Jackso „ t nn ,|, i„ apeakine of Texas, Ac. refers in Council for the free admission of every de- respectfully th \-Capt. Tvlcr,\ But when he scription of grain. -Every thing, in fact, indi- cornea to speak ofa \ Cinstitntional,\ not n cated such a result. The Cabinet« had pro- \ Sub\ Treasury, no allusion is made lo the paa- tracted, and, it was said, angry sittings; the sa ce or repeal of Ex-President Van Buren 's Tears ofihe public were becoming serious: Ihe « reat m , r MU ™ 1 - T,lis \m>n°u? silence in rejtrartl accounts of the pdlatoe crop from all parts of l \ Mr - Vnn J 8 .\?\,' coupled will) the '• slant at .i.« „„„„,,„ „„ I ,„,I „i . „„ „,. Governor Wright's vote for the \ Black Iarifty the country -we had almost said, from nl ea8lsome .. ah ? dowa before V'-Many Joumpl. ports of the world—especially front Ireland, were really alarming; the price of grain, un- „fl3» The U. S. Gazette says, on the authority til checked by the prevailing feeling that the \Tn letter from Washington, that Ihesentence of Corn-law, wiu .d be suspended, wa, rising ^^f^J^f^^*^ -Vis\ I - ,. _ . , , . . has been modified hy the President, lo suspen- All tins, combined- with the. panic, in—too 8 iun from office forfive ^eorsTTritlroiirpiiyT-^—— Share market, nnd-the. utter prostration of Ihe „ _ TT _ _, _ / , buoyancy and speculation which existed onlyL r l c ! TT ^.fc^i I ^ S :T .T h ^ Su P reme, a short time, previously in os'ny, caused the opening Court i rampant impetu- United Slates met at Washin^wn on Mo«- of the portsto be ^ i^\ 81 ' 0 \. McLean - Matron, Wayne »4 looked ,o wi,h hope nod certainly,^ Sft S^L^V^%2S^ ™» .. ,, , . - M —. M,.I, ••• ll.JJ yiCBt -- - -j,, — •• thing adjourned to meet again on Tuesday. that must be. But the quidnuncs have been The National Intelligencer soya; Chief Jus- doomed (o disappointment— TH* PORTS WILL lice Tnney was expected, we understand, in the NOT BE OPENED ! Secrets, hertnetrically seal- morninfr (rain from Baltimore, but waa doubtke* ed, somelimes ooze out, no one can tell how; deterred from coming by ibe breat inqlem?noy of and those who profess to be wise in the work- ings of Cabinets, declare that the opposition . - came, not from the First Minister of the a we are pleased tokarn that Coleman the Cronrn, but from the Conqueror o f Napoleon; fireman, who was «> serw.isly w^red at the .u.s .ul -„_\ m „;.:»i .„•„•.? ..r si,« v rn Z.;^ ,„„. railway collision at Chester village, is doing well, that the commercial spirit of the Premier was and h „- are enter , aine( j of his u ft mi , te rcCf , m y. overruled by the constitutional prejudices of _^/{, fl ny Citizen. tbo soldier; and that ihe old motto cedant arma togas, was in this • - - • rt t t. rever8ed - S \ ACLBBOTMANDROWNKD .—TheRev.Tho- runs the goss^ of the clubs. . ma3 Eobinson) a ] oea l,preacher of the Metb, • But when the Government determined to odist Ep i scopa l Church, residing in Anne brave the storm—and a storm based upon the A j-t ........ • • fears ofa public famine must b even to so impassive n personage u „ a morning. -He was thrown into the walerby of state-it was confidently expected that the upsetting of a small boat, and managed Parliament would have been iiumedmiery-call- tore £ ch the shore by swimming, but in so ed together, in order that the nation might eshaiJS , eQ a condition from the intense cold, have the benefit of tho nation s wisdom in thnt he short j aftcrwatds e irad- Hc wa3 such an emergency. The expectot.oj) wa< a devotcd Ch £ st ; an anA a „ J cellen , citizen> premature. It w now intimated .n a semi-of-- univcTS!l]]y beloved in that sect j on ficial journal, that ihe • collect.ve wisdom ofthe country .-^ir. \more CKpper. will aot meet much, if any, before the usual J uw \ time-certainly 'not^efbre_ the beginning of ^ HAMPsmitK. —The Boston Posl ..y. the year, aud that, meanwhile, as (ho (hird mft| (Q fi| , a yac in |hftjConBr / 8 _ '• Culprits bangahaljuryJBen may dm*,\ elono | da/ego,,,,,, 0 f New Hampshire has re- the country must take the best care it can of (\stilled in no choico being effiwtcd. itself. The inference from all this clpnrly is, thai the danger ha* been exaggerated, nnd that Government is in po «*esMnn of informiJfion which demonstrates llmi matters are' nlit so bad as they have, been represented The newspaper fo hpar upon dally when connected Woodbury, 'Texas' Loco,ia.rt.pt .so near be ing chosen as he was at the previous (rial by many hundred votes. TIIK TARIFF .—Mr Polk defines,n Protec- ^ . . --- 1 live TnrilT to be one that imposes duties s^when it does bring us JearVLwhtch rather diminish than. increase income. on a given <pii-si.on h more espe- 'This doctrine will scarcely'go down'with n the question is ,not T.nmeTliatt.Iy the majority of those most interested in tv witli parry, and h:tj a dash of the tProtective Taxiflk— Alb Cit •
