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JOH N COR BETT; EDITOR‘. W-ATKINS. N=,. Y.‘.... MAY a_o.‘1912. VOLUME. V,~ NUMBER 231’ THE OLD APPLE T,REE.A-. CRATER LAKE. COINS 01!‘ THE MINT. THE FALLEN HEROES. Poem read at First Memdrigxl Day Exercises in 1868. Opinionpot Deahfbailey ol. thefpr-i‘ . non Ag‘:-1culturail'College.‘_ Volcano Became Water.-Filled Crater, One of the Wonders of Oregon. Unique among the natural Wonders of America is the lake in the Crater Lake National Park in Oregon, which is described in a publication entitled “Geological History of Crater Lake,” ;_just issued by the Department of the ‘Interior. The traveler who, from -the «rocky rim of the lake: looks across its dlimpid Waters to the cliffs beyond pstands whereonce the molten lava of Mount Mazama boiled and seethed in its eiforts to find an outlet, for Crater Lake is all th'at_remains of a great _ volcano that ages ago reared its, lofty isummit high above the crest of the Cascade Range. . . 5 Before the Cascade Range existed ¥~the region now_- included in the State got Oregon was a great lava plateau that extended from the Rocky Moun. tains to the present _Q9_a_st, Range. Gradually mountain-mak-ing forces became operative; the surface (if the ‘plateau was arched and there rose the great mountain system which is now fknown as the Cascade Range. With ethe hardening of the crust the centers of the eruptions became fewer until lthey were con to a few high Vmountains that were built up by the ‘ flows of molten lava. In this way were created Hood. Rainier and Mazama, afrom whose sides and lofty summits streams of. lava poured across a desolate’ ' land. Hood and Rainier still lift their ,-“Snowy caps to the clouds and a de challenge to the mountaineer to ._sca.le their steep, ice-covered slopes. Mazama alone is gone, engulfed in the earth from which it came. In what is left of its calderalies Crater Lake. Mount Mazama in its prime rose to ‘a height of over 14,000 feet above the ‘sea. Mount-Scott, which towers above :Crater Lake on the east. was only a minor cone on the slope of Mount Mazama. The portion of the mountain --that has-been d€St‘F03’E’Cf”VWx§ equal‘ in size to Mount Washington in New Hampshire and had a volume of seven- teen cubic -miles. From the crest of .th‘e'rim surrounding the lake the trav- eler beholds twenty miles of unbroken cliffs which range from 500 to nearly 2,000 in feet height. The clear waters of the lake reflect the vivid colors of the surrounding walls and whether in the soft glow of early morning, in the glare of the noonday sun, or in the rosy hues of the dying day, the view is one , of awe-inspiring grandeur and beauty. This publication contains a’ detailed account of the formation of this wonderful work of nature. It is well illustrated by photographs and is written in nontechnical language so that-it may be readily understood by the reader who has not_ the advantage of scienti training. ' Pieces Tliat Are No Longer Placed '5 N: ‘§<:'§ §~\* <2 . 'S$;*q- $25‘ ~§~§$‘ mg -u§*\<,§ in Circulation. With crepe upon our banners And arms reversed. we meet In memory of the soldiers Sepulchred at our feet. They are the voiceless heroes “Thev worth of-a fruit; tree is vefy. re9.I,_ quite beyond any, in dollars and pounds. I t.hi_nk_we db n;ot;~ know how good a. teacher in‘ has been or ‘how much it has sbgadied ché li§73.S of how many folks. ' ~ , f The mint does not buy old coins nor paper money, except certain rare Colonial coins in» condition, desired for the mint's cabinet. Mutilated or uncurrent United States gold and silver coin is, purchased as bullion. The mint has no’ pattern pieces for __s_aJ_ - and the government pays no premium for the return of any of its coins or paper.,; money. Who spoke where the was red-— Spoke when the captain ordered; \Fire from behind the dead.” , \I often wonder what must have lleen the ‘loss of-'the,'child that had no fruit tree to shelter it. There arena days like the days-under an old apple tree. Every bird of the comeslto it sooner or.1ate_r. Perhaps a huinming bird oncebuilt on the top of a. ' lin:|‘b,.i and the marks of the old nest are ‘still’; there. Strange insects are in its knots and wrinkles. The shades are ‘very. deep and cool under it. ' The sweet smells of spring are sweetest ther_e.- at “And the myster-yi,o'f the fruit ‘that’ comes out of a ‘blossom is beyond. all’ reckoning, the magic growing Weélfc by week until the green young halls. show themselves gladly among the leaves—the leaves that hold the tang. of summer inpthem. And who has not- watched for the first red that coniesjoji, the side that hangs toward the sun; and waited for the ‘ fruit. Vejri'1Ty,,‘ the old apple tree carries all the tnern.-g cries of the years. By the woodsghedi or the pump, or \against the ' barn, or over the garden fence, \the apple tree or pear tree connects the residence with the world of life and space that stretches out towoods and farms. “We left our a on it, as -at. midway place between ourselvesiand, our surroundings. It is the warder or the and the monitor of the home. It is. an. outpost of the birds. It ‘feels. the first ray of morning sunshine.i It proclaims every wind. It drips copious-’_» ly in the rain. Its leaves lie on the grass when the year goes down into‘ the drear night of winter, It stands. its ground fearlessly mid pinch oflcold and stress of storm. And in the spring its brightening twigs rand\ swelling“ buds reveal the first pulse in the reviving earth. Every day of the year is in its fabric, and every esssencegvof wind and sun and snapping frost is in its blossom and its fruit.” _They came from farm and village. From crowded city and plain; They marched in the sultry smxshine, Aud pi their heads in rain, They heard the blast of the bugle. ' And quickly answered the Cali: . “Form in line ofbatt1e— Inlantry, troopers, all.\ is 1: \t\\N;b. Qur\\nmi. %\NVs\,\\u. New coins cannot be struck in this country in the absence of authorization by Congress. The mint supplies United “States coins only and not of any past date. The'$50 gold piece and the half dollar and quarter dollar pieces in gold were struck by private parties on the Paci Coast *dur1\n‘g' the '49’ period, and not by the federal government. The coinage of the following coins ceased in .the years named: The half- cent, copper, in 1857; one-cent nickle, 1864; half~dime and three-cent silver, and two-cent, bronze..in 1873: twenty- cent silver, 1878; trade dollars, 1883; one-dollar and three-dollar, gold, and three-cent, nickel, 1889. The Columbian half-dollar was coined in. 1892, and the Isabella quarter in 1893. The Lafayette dollar was struck in 1899, the date on the coin (1900) being that of the unveil- ing of the memorial. BE Some of these dropped by the wayside. some while on picket were shot- Some fell in the skirmish line-— Some where the battle raged hot. But, a1a9;“for the youthful soldier. Alas. for the veteran ghy, Who ’la11guisTied'ih §1'fi'1‘E§'s p Where the reaper. Death, held sway-— Dreaming of skies they could not see- Hoping where hope was vain To break the guarded prison bars And breathe free air again. Yearning for Wife or antithet- Yearuing to be caressed. Or longing with broken spirit ' To be, like these. at rest. STATE PARK \ \ ‘ xx A \\ § \\ \\ \ § tan N. f Over these dead nine hundred Fold. the of the brave. While the marching column halts to plant A flag at each soldier’s grave. Violets. pinks and daisies. ‘ Roses and Iilies bring, \ When the apple trees are in blossom. And the lat}: and the linnet sing. WATKINS GLEN \ ' No Yo‘ . Certain markings indicating the place of coinage, are to be seen on our coins. Those struck at the Philadelphia mint have no mint mark, but those struck at all other mints‘ are distin- guished by a small letter on the reverse, near the bottom. These letters‘ are: “C” for Charlotte, N. 0., discontinued in 1861;'“C O” for Carson City, Nev., discontinued in 1893; “D” for Dahlonega, Ga., discontinued in 1861; \O” for New Orleans and “S” for San Francisco. -Sxznacnzn. Fair‘ Grounds DECORATION DAY. BEES! 9l=h¢.»'l‘-tmtonhuiorial for the Soldier Rf()§.ADS OF SCIIUYLER; The first Memorial or Decoration Day which these veterans of the Grand Army of the Republic recall each year was. not, as it is now in most of the States and even in Alaska and Porto Rico, 9. legal holiday. It came as the result of an order issued by Gen. John A. Logan, National Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic; then 3;‘ young organization. It was in May, 1868, that Adjutant General N. P.’ Chysman conferred with General Logan concerning the matter of having the Grand Army inaugurate the custom of placing on the graves of Union Soldiers at some uniform time.‘ Follow- ing this ‘conference General'Logan issued an order setting aside May 30, 1868, “for the purpose of strewing with or otherwise decorating the graves o,f_comrades who died in defense of their country during the late rebellion~-and whose bodies now lie in almost every city, village or hamlet churchyard in the land.” Chicago had the celebration of a Decoration Day under the auspices of the Grand Army organization in 1868. Two years before this. in a letter which was printed March 12, 1866, in the columns of the Columbus Times, a Southern woman, Mrs. Mary Ann Williams Howard, widow of a Confed- era e\6 iVlaj' Howard of Milledgeville, Ga., had suggestedThat April 26 of that year be set aside as the date “to wreathe graves of our martyred dead with flowers.” The suggestion was followed and that date, April 26, is now observed as Confed—- erate Memorial Day, and set aside as a legal holiday, as is May 30 in other States, in four Southern..States, Louisi- ana, Alabama,’ Georgia and Florida. Mrs. Williams was greatly beloved in the South. During the war she was as active in doing all she could to serve the southern side as her husband and was the moving spirit in putting‘ into operation what were known as “way- side houses.” in which care was given soldiers en route to battle When she died at Columbus, Ga., in 1874, she was buried with military honors. Two Southern States, North Carolina and South Carolina. observe May 10 as their Memorial Day. In New Mexico ‘it is left to the ‘governor to appoint the day. As every State is independ- ent in its legislation, traditions and customs, every State has power to ap- point its own holidays, but, despite these variations a spirit of centra$liza- tion or the growth of a national spirit, if you wish to call it that. has aided in bringing about an approximate uni.»- formity of date for Memorial Day in most of the States. Thirty-fo,ur-States The Routes All Decided Upon, and. the Construction Work Outlined. The coins of the United States now authorized by law are: In gold, double eagle, eagle, half eagle, quarter-eagle'; ‘in siTlvé‘v, hal dollar. quarter-dollar and dime; minor ! nickel and one- cemz. bronze.-V-—Scient;i American. The State Roads of Schuyler \County that will be under -_ a,11.t111m:L.An;zont:hs-V. will include —portions ofno less than six through thoroughfares -leading north, south, east and ‘west: ffom Watkins, and through the southeast and northwest :sect-iohs‘.of\its townships. ‘The State Depaftment let «the of: these contracts in April; three of them afe to‘ be let in June, and’ the remaining two are to be awarded after ‘the letting in July. _ The ! of Corinth. If the works of man are forever lost, ,the glories of nature remain the same as from age to age, and I can truly say that there are few more charming spots in all the world than old Cenchreae. I have sailed into the wonderful moun- 5rbor of Rio Janeiro, and the magni bay of Sidney into the striking beautiful port of Foochow' into. China, and our own charming’ harbors of San Francisco and Seattle and the Portland of the Atlantic Coast; but never ‘have I seen a more lovely combination of mountain and shore, of .promo'nt‘o'ry and island‘; of sea and sky‘; and -cloud than in this old harbor oi Cenchrea on this December day. Beautiful shells, many-colored flowers of the sea, stirred by the incoming tide, \.A sea;1Lt'_Qms_in.1)_urpLe_g1ncl_3Lello.nz_ and blue tempt one to wander for hours upon the shore; and whenever we lift our eyes only scenes of beauty and‘ grandeur meet them. Not a single habitation of man, if we may except the deserted shepherd’s but, is in sight; only a solitary plowman on the hillside in the distance emphasizes the solitude of the scene. ‘We cannot help remark- ing to ourselves: “What a glorious winter resort this would he were Cenchraea. in Switzerland instead of Greece! Wliat palace hotels would spring up on these shores? What splendid highways would‘ be built!” for there is no spot in the land of the Switzers that combines more of the beautiful and the sublime than the lovely Bay of Cenchreaer-Christian Herald. . Island of Samurai. The Montour Falls--—Alpine Road, N 0. 999, has an approximate length of 6.68 miles, and was let in April. The ’_I‘yrone—Reading Road, No. 1,005, has an approximate‘ length’ of“f6. 56 miles,\ and extends diagonally through the Town of Tyrone. «The Watkins- Bennettstkurg Road, No. 5,295, has. an approximate length of 5.15 miles, and extends in the Town of Hector. The Horseheads— Montour Falls Road, No_5,,2o8, has’ an approximate length of 12.39 ‘miles -tl1'rou»g-h -the Catharine Valley, and is a_ 'po.rtion-- of the great throughthoroughfareg Route 12.’ These contra”c‘t*s:afe‘ad’\erTi§ed‘ to be. let in June. The’ Watkins——Townsend section of the State Road to lead by the way of Monterey to the Conhocton Valley, will be let for construction work in the month of July. Dutch people who havetraveled over a. great portion of Sumatra declare that it is quite as fertile‘ as Java and has an immense area of country, un.»~ developed on account of lack of_ rail- w,a.'ys, roads and labor. The govern- ment of the Netherlands Indies’ has, however, decided to build a. railway through the entire length of\ the island which will link on .to several. coastai lines now in texistence. ASurv,ey pa:-ties a;'e_now engaged in cd‘ete ! the route of the Vbroposed line.’ - Within eighty miles of Medan is the chain of mountains which intersects the island. In this/there are table- lands, with a cool temperate climate, 4,00(Hso~5;000~-feet —-abe¢e~sea~1evel~,——-~-a~ great asset to a large tropical island. The govern has recently con- structed a motor- ar road so that resi- dents of Medan ’ an-proceed in half a day to this table’-land, and it is pro- posed to have residences -built there. In the southern portion .of the island there are two rich quartz mines, which have large plahts of modern machintery and are now large producers of gold. Other places at present in'acessi‘ble are reported to be rich in minerals. On the west coast, in the mountains, there is an extensive coal mine which fur- nishes iarge supplies of coal for the railways in Java. . railway from Padang, a town and port on the West coast, extends inland for a considerable distance, and .a branch line furnishes the coal mine. means of transportation. On the east coast, several large oil companies have been, operating for a number of years», and\ great -quantities o£,oi‘l are exported by them} The open- ing‘ up of this island. by railsvajs will bring’-about the rapid internal develop- ment of] its resources.-;_Gonsu-lar Re- ports. __ 7 ~ . Bi:-Kett Mill Impfovements. The excavation for the large addi- ~t—ion—_to~be~~bu'rlv 'to”tlre“BiI'kett -Mil is nearly-complete. Two rows of piles wi1l‘be driven on each side of the ex- cavation upon which the walls will be erected. Some of these piles are thirty feet long and it may be necessary to use their entire length before a. solid foundation is assured. Hammondsport parties‘ have the contract for the pile driving. , ~ ROUTE TWELVE IN READING. State Route Twelve, which is to extend along the west slope of Seneca Lake and connect the State Road of the Chemung and Susquehanna Valleys with the State Road along the footwaters of the Lake Country, will 'pass through the Town of Reading as surve'yed—leaving the corporation line of Watkins on Reading Street; thence following the course of the» Lake Road to the highway leading west by the New York Central Station; thence passing through Reading Center, and over the main roadway to North Reading. The \State Highway Department has made this decision in the matter, and has_ already had an engineer to make estimates upon. an ‘undergrade crossing of the New'York Central at the station site. Should this be built, the expense‘ will be borne jointly by_ the State and the Railway Company. ‘ The State Highway Department, represented by T. H. Ruth~ erford and E. J. Fitzmartin and a corps »of ‘engineers. laid out the __line of\ Route. Twelve in Watkins, on Tuesdaypand Wednesday of this week, they having been preceded in an inspection of the course through this village and Reading, on Saturday, May 25th, by R. Miller, who is to have charge of thecounty construction work. i The survey 'thr'ough‘ Watkins extends fr.o1r’1_~the south _ in€”doYmT ‘Ffaiikliii Street to Lake Street, as the proposition «for paiving\providesL; thence along ‘Madison Avenue. to’ Reading Street, and thence to gthe ‘north 'cor'por1ation line. The pavenrent is to be of briclz for the entire length of Frariklin. Street; and of ‘1na'cadam~of regulation make and width for the remainder of the way. ,'I‘he surveys‘ of ”Fo‘urt11‘ Street and Corning Street. to Connect Witlrtlie Hector and Dix S-'tate Roads outside of‘ the .c'o\1‘p‘or_atio1»1 \wi1-1 also be -co1'nple'ted at » this time, _a’:n'd\ soon Will, be iii progress the ‘greatest... enterprise of i road building eryer known in Schuy1.e'r. _ \ , a . t - It was in 1872 that the State aban- doned the canal which connected Lake Keuka with Seneca Lake. The Chron icle Building‘ stands upon the tirst lock and the addition to the Birkett Building will,be erected over the old _ca.n‘a.1 basin where for years canal boats could be moored two abreast. The second lock was near the St. John’s mill and when the first lock was open- ed thewater rose to the lake level and overllowed, formingla. minianure harbor »in the rear of the Geoghegan block on Seneca. Street. nearly to a point in the rearSof‘Peck’s Hardware Store. The canal boats’ were floated into this ~harbor and turned about at -will. Railroad Rig'hts._ The Erie Railroad C,ompany seems inclined to stand upon alleged rights in the City of Coming, which has given opportunity to Attorney ‘James 0. Se- lering to express his views as follows, on request of the Coming‘ Journal: “,Neither the Erie Railroad nor'any other Railroad Com1)a_-ny owns a. sin,<.rl'e foot of any street in the City of Com- ing. It merely has the right to use Erie Avenue and some other sections of public streets but/it does not own them. An automobile, a. wzfgon one pedestrian has the same right to the use of the streets occupied by the Erie tracks that the Erie Railroad has—the railroad trains having the right of way under proper restrictions. ’ ‘ “It is the duty of the Erie Railway Company to run its trains wit,-hin the city ‘limits ‘under such control that it will not endanger life or limb of people traveling the streets, whether they be in a;utomobiles or on foot. If there are any. dan,e;ei'ous places along the Erie m~ack_s- in this city‘. it is the duty of the Erie Railroad Company‘ to put such nieces in a safe condition for pub- lic travel, nnd if anyone gets injured ’beca.use of the neglect, of the Erie‘ to keep its; right of-' way in proper and safe condition, the Railroad Company itself is responsible. 4 '.[1h.e~ -I4?a;l~1~ v~B~1-eokA~»[Ra.1'~lAroa‘d Co m-pany acquitted the canal right, of way from the Stats; and soon the canal bed was I\; is because all this land is “made land” that, so much care is be- ing uéed that the foundations of the Biz‘-ketjr, Mi1l_ addition are so1id.—~Yat.es County Chronicle. Seeing‘ Distances. About 200 mifes in every direction is the distance a. man ca'n~see when stand- ing on ‘a. clear‘ day on lahepeak of the highest;-moufmaine-‘ : ’ '_'t. a. height, of. 26,668 feet, 0r ve miles above the level of the sea. An ob- server must. be an a ,hei~g.br. of 6,667 ‘feebebjove sea leve1~Lo«”see objects ‘at. 9. distance of a hundred miles, The distance in miiles alt: }wk_1‘ieh an o'bj'ecb:u“pon phe surface of. she earth is visible is eq_ua1 mhe equare root; of ione andeeone-half times the height; (.1 the ’obs,e1-“v,ez~' in feet; above sea levei.» Soznee allowance has tube‘ made, \for the _ef‘fect. 6f'aht11o,spherie refraction, but as nhe 7refacr.ion..”varies an different heig.ht$afx(1~is a by the various states of;t}ie' weather no p'r‘-'e‘cise_1y ac- curalte for generai pu'rposes can be given. Probably from one-foux~r.een- tzfh no one-tenth bf the) distance. gi.v_en by the forx_nu'1a'. would have‘ to‘ be de-V ducted owing to the refraction or the 'abmos\phe“re.-‘S'e1ected. a-nJ’T”A“i?1§E'éT\Pbz*Loa the Disa Lrrict, of Columbia observe the 3'Obh,of May as a legkl ho1iday_dediczm;ed to the memory of soldiers. Four South- em States, as has been said, observe the day on April :2h. mo on May 10. The Inside Pages. The Chronicle on its inside pages is nob a ready print, though [the matter usedsis 1a1*g9é_l'y what. is kncm'*n as plate. '.I‘his‘.ine1udes the special articles, such as the. “Idea.s for Home Builders,” which presem, man*y good points no prospective makers. of dxyeuing. places. The Acrfof’ April 8,‘ 1912; cpncernsing the Village of WaeLkbi‘ns,, may be? found upon the inside ‘title page, a;n_d is pub- lishedas a matter for reference. In is- enl;i't;’1ed:' “Ah Act, to amend Cb‘a,pLe,t' 125,’ ‘of the Laws of 1861, e'nLit1ed, ‘An Act to consolidate and amend the sev- eral acts- rélaping to the village of Watkins, arxél to enlarge the powers of she‘-cOr»po}ra‘bi0n Qf said: village,’ in relation-‘eta the indebtedness‘ of the 'vi11to.g‘e.” . PAVING 1>1zoPosIT1;oN. _- The Pavin‘g»Prbposi’c'io‘11 is t<v)Vbe* voted on for the last fime by the ta>&p§‘a.ye1's Qf Watkins_, Friday -of fhiS' Week, May’ 31st, and the StatehHig11'wa:y Department ‘has .proceeded wi”tI1. the ‘surveys on_t11..e: asisuimptionh that the vote wQ;11d'bje fayorabie to the. enterprise as. on May‘ 9th. ’l‘he_ map'of_Wa_1tkins is presented at _the head. ¢f ‘1:his~' aftic-Te as a’ 1*emi;n'der- of -the routes'of improvement that are outlinel for —t};.is ‘village Franklin, Vcorning‘, Fourth, Lake, ‘Madison and‘ Read‘i-11'g’ Sitiééts will be _‘paved in coxxnection wi.t11~the constr'u‘ctio.n. of ' the State Roads that have Watkins as theft c'on«v‘ergi‘1_1g. point. A V \ % L ' -A ' People along Cayuga. Lake‘ should unite in a petition to the Superintendent. «of Public Works {asking that meashres be taken immediately to provide for: Tmaintaining a normal water level. The reeds-Tand‘ rushes apd‘ o.1:h;e't' ob_- ébruobions have been removed from the outlet, .a,nd unobstrucnedo the water: runs of'Y'vex~y fast. and soon the: lake- Will be vory low which not; only im- pairs navigation but isa-séisious.meziace. no hea1bh.—-Union Springs. .Ai.$'e.1,‘bise!f;:.,
