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PAGE TEN TUESDAY, JUNE 22, 1943 OGDENSBURG JOURNAL Radar-Secret Super-Weapon Shapes Course Of Victory (Editor's Note: Radar is the United States' secret super- weapon—the radio \eyes\ of our armed forces. The story of Its development Is a story of how a small group of naval scientists kept the project alive in the face of official inertia. John M. Hightower of the Associated Press tells the story—so far as it may be told now—in six daily installments, of which this Is the first.) By John M. Hightower (Copyright, 1943, by The Associated Press) Washington—(AP)— Radar, the most revolutionary new weapon of this war—an instrument that has secretly shaped the course of victory in many historic battles- was originally developed in the United States as a by-product of radio research by a little group of Naval scientists, long on faith and short on funds. Had they not persevered in their work in the face of official inertia, compounded in many instance by scoffing disbelief, the United States might have lost the war about 10 to 20 years before it be- gan. To military and Naval men now, It is inconceivable that we should have entered this struggle without Radar. The record shows that the scientists began to realize that fact more than 20 years ago. Long before the battle of Guadal- canal, they envisioned radio \eyes\ to let warships \see\ through fog and darkness. Long before the bat- tle of Britain, they foresaw a wall of detective rays ringing the fron- tiers of nations endangered by air attack. Almost before airplanesi flew at night, they conceived the ideas which make today's Allied! night fighters the deadly killers they are. This is the story of Radar, so far as-it may be told now, and of the men who made it. Two months ago the story could not have been told at all. Radaif was so secret and its secrecy was considered so vital to the United Nations that even mention of the name was taboo. It is true that the Axis had a similar instrument,' but the Ad!- mirals and Generals who decide such things believed ours was a lot better than, theirs—knew it by- performance if nothing else. They did not want any loose talk about Radar so -they ordered no talk at all. What the scientists, being Naval Research men, apparently did not fully anticipate is that they wene spawning a new branch of the radio industry in the field of elec- tronics. Today Radar is a multi- million-dollar industry for war; to- morrow it will become a billion dollar industry for peace. Radar will guide tomorrow's sea and air- liners through stormy nights to safety, just as it is guiding today's warcraft through the smoke of battle to victory. On Apr. 25 the Army and Navy put out a joint and unspectacular release admitting the existence of a radio detecting and ranging, de- vice and naming it. Radar is a Navy code word meaning, logically enough, \radio-detecting-and-rang- ing.\ Possibly never has such a, remarkable instrument been camou- flaged under a more wooden title. The British previously had brok- en down their equally barbed re- strictions to some extent and this undoubtedly influenced the Ameri- can decision in favor of disclos- ure. But there were other reasons, too. Many skilled workers in Radar construction were being caught in the draft or were under other com- pulsion to get into uniform. Neither their draft boards nor their sweet- hearts had been told the vitally important nature of their work. From that point of view, publicity about Radar was urgent. More- over, thousands of recruits were needed for Radar operation and these had to be raised by recruit- ing, which means publicity. So the barriers came down. the proper relationship be- tween British and American Radar development and to disclose that, while official myopia might have stalled American progress except for the bit-in-teeth courage of the scientists, it was series of research- es and discoveries in this country which led to the creation of Ra- dar, not only among the Allies, but apparently among the Axis na- tions as well. The central figure is that early work, and the man who literally begged, borrowed and stole when necessary to transform his idea on radio into reality, is a slight, bald- ish, onetime physics professor whose professional career began in 1903 at the University of Wis- consin. Albert Hoyt Taylor now is chief navy physicist and superin- tendent of the radio division of the Naval Research laboratory here. It is characteristic of him that when he is questioned about his part in the creation of Radar, he speaks first about the work of the men who helped him. Thei<* story is an integral part of his own. Taylor's direct contributions to radio detection dealt mostly with the fundamental discoveries of how radio waves behave and with some of the first crude instruments and experiments. As the Naval research That makes it possible to report I laboratory expanded and Taylor's duties became more complex, it fell to the lot of a younger genius to develop the first modern Radar equipment and perfect many of the improvements which have made it a battle instrument of uncanny precision. Robert M. Page, sensitive, soft- voiced chief of a research section of the laboratory's radio division, is credited by his colleagues with doing mo're for Radar's technical progress than any other man on the staff. The Naval Research laboratory, at which these men and their colleagues still work on the ad- vancement of Radar, is, of course, a regular Naval station and thus is under command of an officer. The present chief is Admiral A. H. Van Keuren, a veteran of many years service both at' sea and ashore. Previously he had served as chief of the Bureau .of Con- struction and Repair and Bureau of Ships. Van Keuren succeeded Rear Ad- miral Harold G. Bowen at the lab- oratory. The records clearly indi- cate that it was fortunate for Ra- dar and therefore for the country that Bowen got interested In the laboratory's work about 13 years ago and began to promote it. For Bowen became the needed link between the scientists on one hand and the Navy and Congress on the other. The Admiral's great enthusiasm always has been to get hold of and promote sound \but re- volutionary ideas; the depths of his belligerent soul era stirred most violently against conservative pre- ference for keeping things the way they are. A vigorous and confident mis- sionary of progress, Bowen was one of a handful of farsighted men who campaigned for years to sell Ra- dar to the fighting Navy and to* Congress .which, as usual, held the money bags. He cut red-tape and regulations to deal frankly on Ra- dar with members of the House and Senate Appropriations Com- mittee. They came through in the grand manner. \They were mighty impressed with what they learned, and they offered us a hundred thousand dol- lars,\ he said. \That was in 1935. We took it, and it was all we could use at that time. You can't buy inventions, you know. All we needed then was a little money for salaries to increase the staff a bit.\ About 1940, when the crash Of falling France was heard across the Atlantic, the appropriations grew in keeping with the increas- ing importance of the laboratory's preparations for war. The institu- tion that had started out as a sin- gle gray concrete building rising alone out of the Potomac mud flats l below Washington blossomed, after 18 lean years, into a thriving cen- ter of Naval science in many fields—the only place of its kind- in the world. Bowen performed another import ant function, too. He interested in- dustrialists in the manufacture of Radar equipment and thus cleared the way for its production on a quantity basis. The first Radar sets went into the fleet, in the Paci- fic, in December, 1940, a year be- fore Pearl Harbor. Skepticism as to their value van- ished rapidly as they went on ship after ship and proved themselves by amazing performance. Thus of- ficers and men were ready to use them to the fullest when war came, and in battle they proved them- selves all over again, enabling our warriors of the sea to pull off feats they had not dreamed possible in pre-Radar years. Late in the evening of Nov, 14, 1942, among the Solomon Islands in the South Pacific, one of our warships was out looking for Japa- nese warships. The sea battle for Guadalcanal was in its final phase, the issue still undecided. Aboard the Amer- ican vessel, a Radar, like an in- visible searchlight, probed the en- sm-ouding darkness with its magi- cal waves. Suddenly the idicator on which Radar registers its discoveries dis- closed \the presence of an enemy vessel more thaiji eight miles away. The big ship lifted its gun muz- zles toward the stars. They flashed and thundered by salvoes. The second salvo, despite the darkness and 16,00fl-yard range, landed squarely on th.e target. The American ships- went on not only to win ^but to turn the battle for Guadalcanal into one of the most costly routs in Japanese history. The British version of Radar, known as radio-locator, matched in military results the heroic sacri- fices of the handful of fighter pilots who saved England during the Nazi aerial blitz of late 1940. Land-based Radar. ringed England's coast and rode in its night fighter planes. Radar's unerring fingers picked up the range, direction and speed on Hitler's bombers far out over the water, sometimes even over Eu- rope itself. Assured of adequate forewarn- ing of each attack, the handful of RAF heroes who saved the British Isles from destruction by air found it unnecessary to maintain inces- sant fighter patrols which would quickly have exhausted men and planes. They rested Until the foe ap- proached and went into action at the last minute. It was this con- servation\ of energy, machines and fuel which enabled England to \fight back until the blitz collapsed. WAR TODAY By Max Hill Our problems at home — ac- cented recently by work stoppages and riots — are the best propa- ganda the Axis has to use egainst us. They are doing their battles \with our troops. Neither the Germans nor the Japanese. haVe victories with which, to bolster home mor- ale. , But through our troubles at home their adroit propagandists are able to encourage the rank end file to ever more desperate efforts. It is unfortunate we continue to feed them ready-made criticism because the cost is going to be in American lives and materials. Prior to the war, a minor strike or disturbance in America was worth between one and two col- umns of copy in a Tokyo news- paper. The basic theme was that we were divided; that, we could not work as a. unit. The situation .has not changed. Japan's greatest strength is at home. Her people have been taught tiiey must cooperate will- ingly — that the life of the individ- ual is as nothing compared with the state and Emperor. Not many months before the war, preparations were being made in Tokyo for air raid shelt- ers. The program was dropped. It was decided that every man, wom- an and child in Tokyo's 7,000,000 inhabitants should stay above ground and fight fires should there be a raid. This is the sort of philosophy we are combating. The war itself against such determined\ peoples is difficult enough without a divid- ed home front. \mm ©NE-WOTRREE OR INVASION FROM SHIP TpOfSHOte n TODAY and Wed.—Thur. 2 FEATURES AHEY CAN'T RATION^ THAT \Old It cannot be that Russia does not know the plans of her Allies, Great Britain and the United States. Therefore, the special commun- jique broadcast from Moscow must be considered as a trump card ' in the propaganda campaign which the United Nations now are wag- ing so successfully against the Germans. She asks for a second front, \without which victory is impos- sible.\ Hitler was right so many times in his strategy it must have seemed to him that he could not be wrong. But hjs miscalculation (.of Russia's strength has sapped the life blood of Germany until it has become our margin of even- tual victory. The war in Russia would seem to be now in a sort of stalemate; but two long and difficult years have passed since Hitler an- nounced-his determination to crush the Russians, perhaps in six weeks. If Russia had not had her mag- nificent and undiclosed strengith, the world most likely would now be\ at the mercy of Hitler, T*)jo and Mussolini. Her contribution is so great she is more than Justified in her pre- sent appeal for a second frdnt. Russia's losses have been severe, but they have not weakened her as much as those suffered by Nazi Germany. The Russian figures,' as^an- nounced in the special com- munique, show German dead, wounded and captured total 6,400,- 000 men. In addition, the Ger- mans have used or lost huge quantities of war materials which they otherwise would be using against America. Both President Roosevelt and Secretary of State Hull used the occasion to give unstinted praise to the Russians. The president's message to Premier Joseph Sta- lin had the note of confidence which has become increasingly evident in recent weeks among leaders of the United Nations. He said: t \The growing might of the com- bined forces of all the United Na- ions testifies to the spirit of unity and sacrifice necessary for our ultimate victory.\ It is essential for the welfare of alL concerned that we give the Russians the utmost in coopera- tion and aid. Motor Boats And Outboards Tied Up For Season Tie Ogdensburg War Price and Rationing Board announced today that persons having gasoline left over from last year for use in mo- torboats or outboard motors are not permitted to use this gasoline in their motorboats or outboard motors this season. Alhphibioils American forces use many types of landing craft in their drills for invasion of enemy shores. In matieirvjers on the Atlantic coast, troops swarm down ladders into boats, left. Marines who attacked Guadalcanal used armoredi-alligators'L. to advance from ship to shore, top, and brought tanks io theheach iu ''crocodile\ boats, bottom. Socials and Personals Cpl. Lena M. Mclntyre, RCAF Headquarters, Ottawa, Ont., spent the weekend with her sister, Mrs. Geo. P. Lashomb, Greene St. Maj. James D. Burt of Albany, spent Sunday in the city visiting his father, Fred A. Burt at 628 Franklin St. Mrs. George Mayes of Deviller St., received word that her daugh- ter, Miss Ruth Mayes, is quite ill in Buffalo. A daughter was born recently at the Davisville, Rhode Island Hospital to L.t. and Mrs. William R. Putney of this city. Miss Put- ney was formerly Miss Elizabeth Stone. Mr. and Mrs. Edward Delaney are the parents of a seven-lb. daughter, Diane Marie, born last Friday .afternoon at the A. Bar- ton Hepburn. Hospital. Edmond P. Cameron, Toronto, Ont., is visiting his sister, Mrs. Robert S. Wyllie, 320 N. Water St., this city. Rev. O. E. Raymond remains in a very serious condition at his home today. LEW LEHR \Monkey Doodle\ Entertained On Second Birthday Wilma Frances Kench, daughter of Mr. and Mrs, Harold Kench of R. 4, Ogdensburg, was entertaiined on her second birthday on Junie 17 at a dinner party at the home of her cousin, Nina Marie Gilbert. Those present were Nina, Bobby, Dickie and Roger Gilbert, Katie Putman, Howard and Wilma Kench; her grandparents and sev- leral aunts and uncles. Miss Irene Wallace and Joseph Pero were married June 21st at 8 p.m. by the Rev. Lockwood at Detroit, Mich. Miss Wallace's home was in this city till about ten days ago when she moved to Detroit, They will make their home at 1511 Leslie St., Detroit, Mich. A son was born at the A. Barton Hepburn Hospital last night to Mr. and Mrs. Percy Carr, R. 3, Og- densburg. / Lieut. David Lowe, son of Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Lowe, formerly of Ogdensburg and now living in Naperville, 111. has been promoted to first lieutenant in the Air Corps. He is stationed at McDill Field, near Tampa, Fla. Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Clark will spend the weekend with Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Lowe at their home in Naperville, HI., about 25 miles from Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Clark are in Wichita, Kans., today where they are attending the wed- ding of Mr. Clark's nephew, Lieut. Arthur S. Littlefleld, USNR. Miss Leonora Lowe^ daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Lowe, is visting her brother Lieut David Lowe and Mrs. Lowe in St. Peters- burg, Fla., where they live Lieut. Lowe is stationed at McDill Field, but spends his seekends with his wife in St. Petersburg. Miss Lowe is a student nurse at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Mrs. Elmer Southwiek of Los Angeles, Cal., and Mrs. John O'Hara, R. N., of Buffalo, N. Y., are spending the summer with their mother, Mrs. Leo Sholette. Ford St., city. Mrs. Sholette has been ill the past month and is un- der the care of Dr. Redmond. 2 Life Insurance Licenses Issued Albany — The names of Elmer J. Ross, Watertown, and Mabel E. McCarten, Mas'sena appear on a list of persons who passed a re- cent ^qualifying examination and are entitled to be licensed as life insurance agents. The State Insurance Depart- vment requests that \Persons knowing of any reason why any of the persons named should not be granted a life insurance agent's examination, should communicate with the State Insurance Depart- Local Boy Visits Family On Furlough Cpl. Howard E. Richards ar- rived home on a 10 day furlough from Indiantown Gap, Pa. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph E. Richards of RFD 4, this city. Cpl. Richards entered the army on Feb. 4, 1942. He atended Lisbon High and OFA. Misses Betty Kiah, Gertrude Richards and Elizabeth Strater' and Mrs. Howard Strater have all called at the Richards home to see Cpl. Richards. ment, State Office Building, Al- bany, N. Y.\ 3 Arrests Made Over Weekend Wilton Wylie, RFD, Rensselaer Falls, afrrested by Officer Bell on a warrant issued by Judge Wells, charging him with assault, third degree, pleaded not guilty when arraigned in city court Monday. The case was adjourned until 10 o'clock Monday, June 28. Wylie was allowed to post a ?25 bail bond. Mrs. Clifford Hayes, arrested Sunday morning at 2:10 o'clock by Officers Martel and Dishaw on a charge of public intoxication forfeited a ?5 bail bond. Arthur Corey, arrested Saturday night by Officers Martel and Dis- haw on a chai'ge of disorderly con- duct, when arraigned before Jiidge Wells was fined $10 or 10 days and given until June 24 to pay the fine. Nathan Frank's Sons Don't Delay Any Longer! W by sending me to fur storage\ 'Frank's \Certified Fur Storage $2.50 Your fur coat is a precious investment. Give it the careful treatment it deserves.. Let us store it in our modern vaults, guarded from treach- erous moths. \* 6-Point Cleaning 1. Glazing and combing 2 Made water repellant 3 Film removal 4 Mending 5 Sterilizing 6 Lining repair $6.00 Hollanderizing & Storage - - 9.45 Phone 115 USES Insurance Officer Here June 23 Claimants who regularly report at the TJ. S. Employment Service office at 402 Ford Street, Ogdens- burg, N. Y., for Unemployment In- surance on Thursday, will report this week on Wednesday, June 23, Horace S. Peck, Claims Examiner announced today. Mr. Peck who comes from Watertown to the U. S. .Employment Service office in Ogdensburg each week will not be here on Thursday, the regular reporting day. Instead he will take insurance certificates and carry on the business of Unem- ployment Insurance on Wednesday from 9 a.m. to 12 noon for this week: only. Horsemen Meet Thursday, Will Plait For Fourth j A meeting of horsemen will be .held et Attorney Edmund FitGer- ald's office Thursday evening at 8 to discuss plans for holding a July racing program at the local grounds. All horsemen are urged to attend. Several local horsemen have been training their horses regular- ly this spring and they are report- ed in fine fettle. It is expected that, with other pleasures restrict- ed this year, a racing program on the Fourth would draw a large gathering this year. Trainer Jack McGuire reported today that his string of horses is already in shape and turning in some fast miles despite the rainy weather during May which hun-' dered training operations. Georgia ranks second only to \Vermont-in the value of its quar- ried marble. WARNER'S LeGant A girdle that is as light as the clouds, •4LT ^\C\ yet so firm that it smoothes those little <p / \J\J bulges completely out of sight, and 1 ges completely gives your figure that important sleek look! Wear Warner's ALPHABET BRA and learn your Ai B. C's. of good fit- ting. Every bustline can be fitted cor- rectly. Expert Corsetiere To Fit You. $^,50. « !
