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yanmege oupe. _ ho's Tuas agi o Ca to order by the President, } nie--In our discussion last Ewb.advocated the small end of.corn ir seed, and the large sized potato . Phoie seems to,;be an untruth how shall we reconcile \this When é ont in print? o * Olark-With all due respect to fend Mr, Winnie, I don't ste any alogy inthe two. We don't take the kernels from nubbin corn, but from fie best ears.. The potatoés grow each y themselves; and to plant gmall pota- 4 :4ges would be like using seed from corn \f{ubbins. In regard to the best variety of _: potatoes, I don't know as I can tell which best, _ Last year I tried the Beauty 'of Hebrom; think they are a very nice \L.. potatoe ; think the Early Rose has past C. its day for us ; think the Burbank more orofitable for market. - One thing is cer- - -- Sainw_.we have got to raise less tobacco if jme want to grow good crops of other \~' \Kings. . I remember, as many of you do, *' 'the time when.we could grow 400 bushels ~:~ of potatoes. » -r: \Me Winnie told of an- instance of re- *. - gent date where a man grow 400 bushels Burpanks from one bbl. of seed, but ' 'they nearly all rotted, | Thinks high ma- / €. nnring will produce rot. Has practiced We salt with good results to the po- lato-nrop. - The Eagiy.Rose pleases his ie best of apy that he is acqnaint- th i‘ybnzcfiey are fafling with us to , & good crop. The Burbank is & 'and more watery, but must be igFa profitable for market |_ K. Clark-On one occasion we ur varipties of potatoés at one we gave the preference to the Mr., Williams agreed with Mr. Clark git lgyxofierence to the Burbank over ratother kinds, Thinks:the White P my + € + lkhl’enxl proved the most bug proof Chim;--Grew-them by- the side af therg without putting paris green on firwhen he had to put it on other 6s. ott-L have for a few years isted: sweet yellow corn with some & Xi‘agoqg red with i555} fim \white corn in mixed in also. I think we finqk it a'miptake ; we should cultivate cd and keep the surface level. The > makes the best growth 1th us, but are not as good eating as Hose : but the Rose is failing with us fF eorn an well productive... The Mam-| A. . ¥g I W tatoes should 'beq ' 'Total of an ha gaye me a good crop. , E,|.. ~Question for ''What are the best brands of phosphate now offered to the public, and whaticrops are most benefitted by its use ?\ Edward Vincent was selected to read an eesay in two weeks, e wom @- Cost of Maising a Pound of Tobacco,. \. What is the actual. expense of produc- ing a pound or an score of tobaced, is & question which is rarely answered satis- factorily. It is a subject, too, upon which there is a great diversity of opinion among growers. , I bave often heard the remark that \tobacco at 8 cents a pound pays better than any other farm crop,\ and again we find practical growers of long experience who assert that there is no money in the crop nnless prices ex- ceed 10 cents per pound. At the meetings of the Ohemung Valley Tobacco Club 'this question has frequently been brought up, but without satisfactory considera- tion, until the last meeting, when cop- siderable time was given to it, and esti- mates of the expenses required to perform the various steps in the growing of the crop, and in its manipulation to prepare it for market, were carefully made by practical growers present. | The reanl's of the estimates which are based up: a years of practical experience will surprine some, yet it is possible the Agures are not far out of the way for average years and for careful culture and handling. In view of deciding the question with the greatest accuracy, the various steps were itemized, and each member called upon to give his best judgment as to the cost of performing the work, the average of the different items were taken up one by one, and the respective figures fixed rccording to the very best judgment of of those présent, all of whom are experi- enced tobacco growers :' Per acre,. Rent of land, including mdénure, $40 00 Plowing twice, harrowing and . ndging, 5 00 Plants, 3 00 Settiafilants, 3 00 Re-setting plants, 1 60 Cultivating fixe times, 3 76 Hoeing t 7 00 Worming, 9 00 Topping, 15 Buckering, 4 75 CQutting and hanging 8 00 Bhed room, 10 00 Twine for hanging, 50 Total cost up to time of taking down, $96 25 Cost of taking down, stripping, ~ assorting, pwkingand casing, on a basis of 1,500 pounds per nore-about an average yield -at 2} centsger pound, 37 50 aAnre, 2 L $138 175 uth an a % 3 protty well bovréred whén they first Think it is potatoes, Mr, Ellison-I would like to ask the 1k QMEanbapfwfll bear ad heavy Hiig'as the Rose or other kinds? I “311001110 Burbanks# on highly manured @roind and they all rotted. Snow Flakes own on the same ground were not % grew Early Rose, Bar- banks: Bnuow Flakes and Laté Rose. The Tato Hose and Burbanks are heavy and I itgry. ; The yield of each kind wis about ; }. the same. H >. ' Mr. Beaucharop-I have found the B& _ ~Burbapks as good a cooking potato as w. o -gnie -we he MAJ-Mum happily 7 WM in theto,as T eupposed they ¥. rere a coarse kind of potato. \' ~ Mr, Chase-I don't believe in using the butt or tipp kernels of corh for seed. U -.\ T always throw the tips and butts away. 1} *- *Have practiced this with good success E)\ . for thirty yeats. _ For an early potato I t eal them much ;i X' fihm’fifilfi year they eat them about as *. is Lad.as theo other. kinds. * ‘iffimfl Am in the babit of hare three varieties of potatoes, the 8°”; Late Rose and - Burbank ; it?“ i» THiod in bGést For coro, we 129-9 I bave fine crops by drilling in the fap ff dr fi “Li A.. Dutton corn is a “Zia ith me. Tt will rrpen in any Maud it is very solid aud . Wanted in ome season elf wellow com gn the rame lot, lore han the white com ; would ra more than four spears in a bill. fipsen (Rert=-Grow the aweet yellow white, but like th: p ll“? Like #1t coltination foam szxk souk v‘flaqni’x‘esabontapecktotbuewe' Figuring on a bams of an average yield of 1,500 pounds per agre, we have the total cost of producing a pound of tobac- co as $0.089. Here we have, then, from as close an estimate sa can be made, a cost of $188 75 as the amount of expense on an acre of good tobaceo, or $0.089 per pound. Of course, tobacco may be pro- daced cheaper than this by scaoty onl- ture and careless bandling, but experi- ence has proved that the best culture and | handling {mi-mg the raost profit, If these , fgurea are correct, tobaceo can not he igrown 10 the Northern Statea for eight cents per ponud, and leave profit to the i growar. ‘ It is assured from these estimates that the effects ef thia crop upon the sor wil} pot be detrimental, forgin placing the ' rent of land at $40 per acre due allowance | is made fora sufficient amount of manure to keep the soil up to its driginal stand- ard of fertility. - Anything like perfect accuracy in get ting at the cost of production of tobacco is thpractioable, Heoause the. expense for 4 fo be bug proolf the frst] labos inl different seasons will vary, owing to tha fsck that it costs more to worm and sudker some years than it does othera, for reason of the varience in the number of the peste in different seasons * € %, It will be welt. to add that {g sbove | estimates of costs ars for the large grow- king seed leal varieties, - The production i of hy brid tobacco and domesticated Ha- i vana seed is spother question, requiring different estimates for costs. -G, A, (4 , 'Jr., in Country Gentleman, Curing Leaf Tobaceo io a Harry. I &n W. Decsiel, of Angusta, Ky., bas invented, or claims to have ancompimb. ed, a process by which greea tobscen «an ' be matured in about tem daya His me- thod is to build a house,. and a large , stove or farnace stongerde of t He pins ‘asmokemck right across through the . building ; theo be packs the green t> ' beeso fta barrels or boxes, and puts them gmfiarsinmcbammmammauw the . beat to strike around every part of the *harrale or bores He gets his best up : to from 85 to 100 degrees Fahrembeit {tor Sve days, aDows & to cool cf five mer. fGaye After that, he claizos that bis to- f mm wfimé texture, szrd qaasssy. *a lg [L. ag th fififin Planted last- . As to division fences, the law provides |- that cach owner of adfeining cleared. -or improved lands shall make and maintain a just and equal poftion of the division fence between them. - And where ad- Joining lands border on navigable Takes, streams or rivers in this State, the own- ers thereof must maintain a division fence drawn to the line of the low water- reark of such lakes, eto. - And wherever such adjoining lands, one-half or more of which are improved, are bounded by not navigable, the fence viewers (who are such ex-officio, or by virtue of their respective offices, and are the assessors and commissioners of highways of the my) shall direct upon which bank of such stream and where upon such bank, division fences ,gball be,. located, and what portion each adjoining owner shall keep and maintain. In such cases of adjoining lands ofker (han such as are cleared or impzxoved, ur border on wa- ters navigable or not navigable, etc., as. ahove mentioned, each owner shall make and maintain a just and equal pre- portion of their division fence-except they or éither of them shall choose to let such lands lie open ; and whenever one encloses them, he shall pay his just pro- portion at that time of the value of any division fence by the other, or shall build his proportion, In case the own- adjoininggdands is changed by sale or otherwise, so that a subdivision 0 becomes necessary in order to equalize the burtlien thereof betwoen them, they shall make such subdivision; and either one having less than his proportion thereof shall refund to tho other having time of such change of ownership, of the value of such excess, or rball build his proportion of such division fence, The value of any fence ana the propor- tion thereof to be paid for or built by any such adjoining owners éhall be deter- mined by any two fence qwners of the town, in case said adjoining owners disa- gree as to the same, said fence viewer for the purpose of so determining, shall be selected, by esch party choosing one, unless either party neglects after eight days' notice to make such chofea; when the other may choose both, - When chos- en they sball examine the premises and hear the allegations of the parties, and in case they two cannot agree, they shall then choose a third fence viewer, and the decision of any two of said three shall be final upou the parties in dispute and all boldinog under them,. Such decision shall be reduced to wnting and shall contain a desoeription of the fence and of the proportion to be mnintained by ench, and shall be.-forth: with filed in the office of the town clerk. Any person liable to contribute to the erection or building of a division feace, who shall neglect or refuse to make or maintain his proportion, or shall permit the same to be out of repair, shall not any tWo fence viewers of the town and to be recovered with costs of suit,. Smd appraiseroent by said fence view ers shall be rednced to wnting and sign- ed by them, but shall be only prima fa- cie evidence of the amount of said dam- neglect or refusal to make or maintain aforesaid for the period of one month af- injured may make or repair the same at the expense of the party «o neglecting or refusing, to be recovered from him with costs of suit. . Any person who has made his propor- tion of any division fepce along his in- closed or improved lands, who is dispos- he open, may at any time between the first day of November acd the first day of April following in any ove year, but at owner or occupant of the adjoining land i viewers of the town for permission to re- 5:1 ' beth ao retinired; the party ake or rephir- ano enone ree ne e mn hat jtited may m the- sayao at '{- the expense of the party so refusing: or neglecting, to be recovered from' him with costs of suit. The fence viewers on all questions submitted to tham, have and examine witnesses; and eaclr fence viewer and witness thus employed shall be entitled to one dollar and fifty cents a day. And they, ora majority of them, shall determine what portion thereof shall be paid by each of the parties in- terested in the division in question ; which determination they shall reduce to | writing and sign and file in: their town plerk's office; and either party refusing or upon the bank of a; stream of water} or neglecting to pay as so determined, shall be liable to be sued for the same with sosts. Whenever the electors of any town prescribe what shall be deemed a suffi- cient fence therein, any person who shall thereafter neglect.to keep such fence, shall not in any manner recover damages done by any beast lawfully at large on the highway, which may enter on apy lands of such person not fenced as #o prescribed, or for entering through such defective, {Of course this last provision can only apply to such cattle as are law- fully in the highway, since the statute which prohibits their running at large there, etc.] A fence is presumed sufficient, when who has let his land lie open, afterwards | jg sufficiency comes in question, until the contrary is shown. The statute law just given, as to division fences so far as it is inconsistent with, supercedes the common law, which re- quired every owner to fence in his own cattle or keep them at home, or pay such the then adjoining owners' division fences | Arnmages as they might do his neighbor, Aud \common law consists of such general customs, whose original institu- tion and authonty are' not set down in writing as acts of the Legislature are, but receive their binding power and the force an exeess of his just proportion-at the} of laws by long and universal usage, and by their universal reception in the State,\ It is this common law which allows each adjoining owner to place half of the division fence--although # be a worm or Virginia rail fence-on his neighbor's [land, and also.allows him for the, pur- poses of building such division fence, to enter, for the time being, so far as may be necessary on sucn neighbor's land without being lisbla in trespass therefor, In reference to the provision of such statute \that any person who neglects or refuses to make or maintain his portion of a division fence, shall be liable to the adjoining owner for the damages he thereby sustains to his crops, etc., to be ascertained by the fence viewers, etc.,\ it is be'!d by the courts that sugsh provi- sion does not supercede the common law remgdy of such adjoining owner by action of trespass, etc. Add if a third person's cattle are law- fully on the land of apother who refuses | or negleots to make or maintain his just share of a division fence, and p ass through such defective fence or want of fence on to thao land of an adjoining owner, be may maintain trespasa against the owner of the cattle therefor. But a party\ suing in trespass for dam- have or maintain any section for dainages | ages done bim by the cattle of his neigh- incurred by reason thereof, but shall be | bor, cannot maiotain his action if it be hable to pay to the party injured all shown that the cattle for whose trespass | the terminal eyes. - Whan a potato is bi- such damages as sball accrue to his lands | he sues passed on his land through defect or crops thereon, to be ascertaifed by | of his own portion of the division fence. i In other words, the ueghgénm of the | party so ening mnat rot have contn buted 'to the injury for which be sues. The law does not reqnire each adjoin ing awner to bmld half in length of the ' divimion feoce, but a just and equal por- I ages, - In casa.of such adjoining owner's 'tinn with reference to the cost of con- | striction and maintenance. his portion of a division fence as last ' The law as to division fences being ' balf on each adjoining owner, is beld ter request in writing so to do, the party i nor to apply to the dividing line of the adjmintng suds of their outside fances, And either one who sets his end post of , such outside fence half over the street dividing end line on his neighbor, is : thereby a trespasser, and liable to dam- , ages in an ection of trespass brought i therefor, .. Bo if one of two adjoining ed to remove the same or t8 let his land | owners cot down and carry away trees | standing on their division line, he is lis- ' ble to the ather in trespass for the value iofmchputofmeh trees as stood on his po other time, give ten days notie to the | side of said line. , \ __ Thas much for the law of division fenees eliminating, or, rather, giving definite | observed them in their quiet repose, | power supcenas for and' swear | waw son asRIcyLrUunan Ex- SFATION, * e L____ a t i ‘ co,. # £00 (These seriea of frequent yeports are intended to inform the public of pro- gress at the Station rather than to give complete results,) | - \as BULLETIN KO, XXVII. N, Y, Aartoourroram * at Bratton, z Grngva, N. Y., Jan. 27, 1882. The winter may seem an unfitting time to talk about potato experiments, and yet in our green-house we have obtained some results which are worthy of being recorded and which are suggestive of fur- ther trial in the spring, under field con- ditions, These experiments refer to the sprouting babit of the fuber. Thus, 128 tubers having been placed in a keg and set away until sprouted, and then the tubers carefully removed and examined after the sprouts had attained several inches in length, give the following curi- ous results: «4 oe y: © Dividing the potate trnn'gve'rsely into two halves, sprouts had formed on the 'upper half in 122 cases; upon the upper edge of the lower half in six cases, In but few cases did more than three eyes develop on a tuber, and in nearly every case the terminal eyes, or, as is usually expressed, the seed end, gave the earliest, strongest and most vigorous growth, In the few cases which are exceptions to rule, the growth between the terminal eyes and those lower down was so nearly equal that we hardly knew which to put rhead. By terminal eyes we mean, not strictly the top eye of the potato, but the group upon the upper portion,. This observation would seem to indi- cate that the seed end has more vigor than the stem end, and suggests the close analogy between the potato and a portion of a branch. Thus, as an allied illustration, a prominent nurseryman told me that some years ugo he had a strong belief that the intermediate portion of a twig formed the best graft for use in root grafting, but that the persistence of an employe in using the terminal portion of the twig very soon convinced him of the superiority of the terminal bud for use in root grafting,. However the analogy our regults bave thus far given quite con- clusive evidence in favor of the terminal portion of the potato tuber, so far as re- gards certainty of growth, early sprout- ing, bealthy vegetation and vigor. In a set of experiments intended to test the value of the different eyes of the potato for seed, potatoes were cut to single eyer, and each eye planted in the soil in the order in which it grew upon the potato. The results at date are the quick appearance of the plant from the seed ends, and retardation in the seed toward the stem end of the tuber, As a general summary of our observations to date on this subject, we may say that while under proper conditions every eye | upon the potato tuber is capable of growth, yet under the conditions of the whole potato used as seed, but few of the mant. - Under certain conditions, how. ; ever, scarcely yet defined by us, as, for linstance, when a potato is allowed to | stand upon the mantel-piece of a warm room, shoots may start from each and levery eye almost simultaneously, the difference being, bowever, in favor of sected transversely, forming seed which may be classed as seed ends and stem + ends, the seed ends seem to show preva- 'lence in growth, while the stem ends 'rbow their shoots later, but still with ' certainty, and even bere the tendency is 'for the eyes most distant from the stem ! to furnish the growth. } 'must be recognized, however, ss but a lpartm] one. - There are man} factors | which enter into the growth of a potato crop, of ,which the seed is but one, é There are possibilite® that vigor of start ; aod {ruitfuluess at barvest may depend , upon different correlationships with seed. , It is but for us to record for the pubho | benefit just what we have observed, and to present the' hypotheses, only, which | are justified by our present state of knowl- edge. One season's work has been suffi- cient to abow us how little we know re- * garding the laws which affect growth and production, under culture, and bow im- ' portant it may be, should we succeed in ! of his intestioute apply to the fence ' and certainly no one who bas casually : value to, localization in our results, in | order that our discovemea, if such we ' move his said fence : and if at the time ' would really suppose they had so mach | make, can be practically applied, irres- + specified in such notice any two of soch fence viewers, to be selected as aforesaid, ' battle-scafred law bepesth their pescea- ' ble and rather inpocent looking exteriors; kind of reed or the peculiarities of local I | peotive of the character of the soil, the shall determine such fence may with pro- when in feet they are thoroughly perrad. ' clhmate. priety be removed, be may so remers the same. -' This flm‘n'sion nodonbtedly ap phes to sach fence as is hable to be swept > posed to repres=ot, prodaocing. like their quality. As a rule which seems general % in all of our gardening experiesce, quality )i \ed by both statutory and common law, | which ever gaard the ines they are sap away by Booda ° Any such removal made tmrars, mary fime ponts, to «ithout such pote and permismon, rev- . couvincetheir rash Jestroyers as jumpers, dem the party so removing lhable to the that party ingared for all damages sustained thereby. to re reervered with onets { woil Any party usable to make er munte a dmvimion fepce, shall, f tha same : destroyed by Hood or other casqalfies. ; have bed mach to do with this law femoe, | , lht-raeriw' £38 m m6 matter 05. ;durzhflity; bat some are updemiood to , 'required in writing by any person infer | have a little doubt as to its essczomy. tween S cme of #L isP sod Histinctire! | . make or repair his fost proportion there [of wiikin ten days «fter being tersto ested herein who shall lign sach requis ition - And in case ch refuanl or ceglect so to make or Fegair an aforemmld fy» ten They m.y bresk. ther mav acaiter the fence if ther Put; the lime, law and peightor B - linger there stall (- Bm ramored 'that al farmers who a i Ard the law, probably, wil mig degnmive Pean gerilemen c# Ore bemefi of the I between bardinaas and prolifilvmy, with the diferersa whisn may bo cote be. i- eyes grow, the majority continuing dor: | This presentation of the potato seed4 a Fie There seema to be a certain correistion © of product is gained at theerpesosect those ! qualities which are best sabscrvient to ; Ml the plank for overcoming the difference 2 of a natural state. | It seems quite prob. {8 | abla that as we improve the quality of M cur pofato, we keve secured a lessened |A vigor to the plant and a lessered power} to overcome the G:MBRcalties met with du- {i ring growth - This protnbly ssountsfor| 4 tato for our use, as contrary tot in- al habit of the mmtgg 0:1?“ a pea, in a large'part, in th6habit of seed- ing, and of late years we may also note < up tendency for the habit of fidwef‘mg to disappear. The tendency of the plant, man having relieved it of the. necessity _.. ons of looking out for its own distribution, seems directed toward the storing of its reserved material in the tuber entirely, rather than in diverting a portion towards seed. What man has done for the pota- to to suit it for his uses, incidentally, ra- ther than\ by distinct design, gives en- couraging promise for what may be hoped when effort is consciously made toward some definite and pre-determinbd direc- pign. e E, Lewis Sronrevaxt, M. D., Director, COAL! COAL! | gm: We wish tocall attention Yo a sizp of . 1° OLT New to this market, called No. 2 Chestnut No, i Chestnut, while it runs but very litlle smaller than No.1, and fullas largeas someof it, and Just as clean and good in every way. Any stove that burns No. ) Chestout burn this. It mixes well with Stove Coal. i We are receiving this and all other sizes of Seranton Coal tresh from the mines,every CLOVER AND TIMOTHY SEED. Aral The subscriber has opened oN THE 0 PROMPT ATTENTION, 'At prices that are low. O IP not better than the Roeranton Corl, Those who have use? it say it is better than the Beranton Coal. # sa- Y our Patronagel{ls Solicited. Office with A. K. Olark. All orders left with A. T. OrvI8 will raceive oR, OUT OF THE PEPTHS, Is naw Complete in Book Form, in Two Yol- #, It |« also issued under the of lAnd they are iwo of the best novels Mr» prin t, 1 « ' Mre Soathworth's Complete Works. Complete in forty-three volumes, bound 1 \wagmcloth with a full gilt back, , #1.76. l'rd’i' , or §72.2 a set, cach set in aneal ber. The Ufoowing are their names: <2 | the Doptha-being \Selt-Made - ' Self- Rained; or, From the Depths. o_ ' The Fatal Secret. The Fatal Marriage, , The Lost Hetreas, The Deserted Wite. Tried For Her Lite, - Love's Labor Won. * Cruel as the Grave. _ A Noble Lord, vj The Marden Widow. Lost Hair gA ® The Family Doom. - The Artiat's Love, \ua & 'The Bride's Fate, 42 g The Gipsy's Progbeéy. ' The Cbanged Brides. The Three Beanties 9. ,c | gait an Won Her grim Becégxtof Power, | /= ow He Won A km: monome, ' Victor's Trinmph, The Missing Bride, * and. Wife's Vie - The Bpectre Lover. - The Motherin-Law, ° | Prince of Darkness. Haunted Homertead. | The Obristmas Guest Lady o the Isle, ' Frilen Pride. Allworth Abbey. , The W Ma‘s Bon: - Retribution, ee | Pride of Liawellyn,. Curse of Cit & > | The Fortune Beeker. Discarded Dangbier. H The Bridal Eve. Mysiery Dark Hollow, maces | India; orl The Pearl of Pearl River. <_ . __ fess | The Phantom Wedding; or, Hoose of Flin m*t *.* Mra.Soguthworth's Works are sold bqy'fll First (lass Booksellers everywhere, and at ' Retail or Whnole-ale by the Wt“ ' copies of any one ort all of the booka, will be | - 'senito any one, to Aty place, postpaid, on - *, | remitting the price of the volumes- wanted, to the Publishers, * 'T. B. Peterson & Brothers, | 307 Chestnut St., PhiladeJpRi® t | The great superiotity- of DR. \ COUGH~SYRUP ovs K ___ § all other cough remedies is attested A- ; I by the immense popular demand } a & Col | | i} for that old Lue ' 1 varieties, enc» ons of which stems 4 to posseses acine quistien of ant hat | A Thos tar the fmpecremest of thape- which we can sell $2.00 less on a ton than _ - 2+! day by rail. We keep no boated conl. , 6 ,t Constantly on band, > ety FAIRBANKS & CQ. . < Coal Yard ! SOUTH SIDE OF RIVER ___.. Where he will keep constantly on hand all \LC kinds ?r Coal, All orders for Coal given to + caff him will receive \op ier Our Cons is Lehigh Valley Coal-as good, If -=r-#ip THOMAS B. CRUM. | :: prompt attention -o oB: W MRS. soUTHWORTH'S NEW Book |. '> umes, - Price $1.75 each , or $8.50 a set. \6 e ISHMAEL ! AND SELF-RAISED. | ~;; #4 24% «-
