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T i l l : K E F L E C TOR. Know then thyself, presume not God to acan ! The proper study of mankind is man • •Pope. VO L UM E II.] P A L M Y R A : F E B R U A R Y 28, 1831 [ S E R I E S I.— N O , 14, S C I E N T I F I C . ha^ uo effect upon silver, unless sulphu- rioos vapors be contained in it. It unites to phosphorus, sulphur aod other metals, forming alloys. Silver is oxidated very readily in the C H E M I S T R Y .--Silver is found iu llitr metalic state, united to lead, antimo ny, copper, mercury and arsenic ; and is . . . , . . , . . , , j nitric acid, forming nitrate of silver, eom- found mineralized with sulphur and the. . . J . .... ,, monly called caustic. This substance has arsenic acid. The mines yielding tnel r , . . . . n itne power of st uning ammal or vegeta- mcst silver, are in South America, Uer , . . . . ble substances of a deep and lasting black many, Nofwav and France. Silver is obtained from its ores in different ways. In Peru and Mexico, the mineral is pounded, roasted and washed, and then rubbed up with mercury in vessels con taining water. The mercury and silver unite forming an alloy, which is after wards to be washed and then pressed through leather. This being done, heat is applied to drive off the mercury from the silver, when it is melted and cast into bars. In other cases the silver is extracted after the mineral is roasted, by melting it with lead and borax ; the silver unites to ihe lead forming an alloy. This alloy is to be heated in a porous bone vessel, cal led a cupel ; in which case the lead melts through, and leaves tbe pure silver in the cupel. When it is designed to detect the pres ence of silver in the ore, the ore should be dissolved in the nitric acid ; and on ad ding common salt, the silver will be pre cipitated (Jail down) in the form of mu riate of silver , which is to be heated to be freed of its acid aud oxigen. Silver is next to gold in maleability, ductility, and luster. Its color is white ; its specific gravity is 10 450, and its hard ness is considerable. It melts at 28° of Wedgewood, and iu ahigl er temperature it becomes volatilized. Its valne, com pared with gold is about I to 16; although 1 to 15 is the present standard at the mint of the United Stales, which has had a tendency to drive American gold nut of the circulation. Atmospheric air jand is sometimes used for the staining of human hair, when very much diluted in water; as it has a corrosive property.— The article termed indelible ink is a solu tion of caustic iu water, thickened with a little gum arabic. The muriatic acid has a stronger attrac tion for the oxid of silver, than the nitric acid. Hence, on adding the muriatic a- oid to a solution of the nitrate of silver, and the last is decomposed. The sul phuric acid boiled on silver, oxides and dissolves it. Nitrous acid will do the same on silver, but not on other met al®. rr*i. ^ i' * ii j from sinking in the earth; while vertide There is a peparafion ot silver, called; * , u c i • ,• • , i -T r channels or flutes were cut io the shaft? fulminating, or ammomatea oxid o f t i k e r .I • to hold the spears, or stave*, which the per. Tbe surface of the copper becoaes white when rubbed with thi* powder which is afterwards brushed aod polished with leather. Plating may be performed by binding upon suital le bits of copper* plates of sil ver with an iron wire, generally allowing one ounce of silver to twelve of copper. The surface of the silver, should sot be as large as she copper, and upon tbe edg es of tbe copper not covered by tbe sil ver, a little borax is placed, and by expo sing the whole to the beat tbe borax melts and facilitates the union of tbe silvef 4 and copper. The copper with the plate is then passed between steel rollers, mo-^ ved by machinery, and is afterW a tt^cgt! at pleasure for use. A R C H I T E C T U R E .— The Doric Or der was an imitation from the wooden posts tapering upwards, as trees by nature, and placed upon a stone base, to prevent them which is the most dangerous prepatiou known. It is formed by precipitating a early Greeks carried about with them. weak solution of the nitrate of silver, by iD peaCe,°r War‘ Tbe Capit‘l1 W,s fotme* lime water. This liquid is then to be by m C u lar Sl0neS ,ai<1 0D the top **f the mixed with liquid ammonia, and is stir red until it assumes a black color, then the fluid is to be poured off, aud the by circular stones laid on the top the columns, aud square ones again open thest to protect the shafts from raia* and to receive the Hutilling beam wbich be* black compound to be left in the open air Came tbe «rchi,[3re : ,he and dried. This product when after- j ° ,S‘S ° VCr the archltraVe were DOt » wards moved, most violently explodes.— ,ical channtjs, forming the triglypbs, ftt ft explodes without fire, and by the touch Pre',(?Iiting ^he rain from ftdberiog ter of any substance. But one grain must be prepared nt a time, and that with great caution, or the danger will be considera ble. The explosion is in consequence of'f^e bottom tier of these timbers the mu them. The cornice was formed by tbe pro jecting timbers of the roof; the ends of the decomposition of the ammonia. Copper may be silvered by taking ;wo drams of cream tartar, the sorme quantity of salt, and half a dram of allum, mix them with 20 grains of silver precip- tules: the lower sides of which, as well <• ■* as the under side of the band of thtf trigliphs, were cut into cylinders or cornice frustrums, representing the drops- of rain falliag from the edges* Thews fated form the nitrate of silver by cop-'Pa^ s which first resulted frona the pritai*
