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BY T. J. & E. O. SUTHERLAND. •LIGHT, LIBERTY, AND TRUTH. ” TERMS I «a PER ANNUM, In Advance. VOL. I. WHITE PLAINS, WESTCHESTER COUNTY, N. Y., THURSDAY AFTERNOON, JULY 17, 1845. NO. II. Term* of Sumcrlptlon. Term* of Advertising. Eight line ot In*, tat InMitlon, ....... *° iJtMdiSh ” it\*» » 0, ' 0TO 3§; Half a tqtur* or .................................. ^ ------------- * Legal .Notices. --------- Administrators ’ Notice. -wmtrnmiANT to mu order of Frederick J. PToffin, Su-rog... of tb. County o Wntchoitor. ootico I* boroby .iron to oil Doriom horioc clilmi ngoimt tbo Eitoto of J ames m . H arris , toto of Notcbe*. in the Snto of Mininippl. '» proionl ■ tvlih tbo rouehon thoroof, to S*m- , p Reynoliit, ooo of the Admiuittratora oftoid dceonod, *t hi. oBle. in tb. t-ill.g. ” 1 R t nr Ring, on or boforo tbo fourth dny ” } u n.ry unit. Doled Juno 30th, 1845. ° f S a WEL F. REYNOLDS, ) Adn,ln. 9m8 LEMUEL HARRIS, S i.trnton- Appllcotlon for (ran* of Water Lot. •WTOTICE i» hereby given, that the aubacribcr wUI mpplyto the Commissioners of the Land Office at the Office of the Comptroller of this State, in the city of Albany, on the twenty- second day of Aueust neit, at ten o'clock in the forenoon of that day, for a grant of land under the waters of the Hudson River, adiacent to the iind belonging tojmd occupied by the subscriber in UieTawno>Vonkvs, in the County of West chester, (owT which land of the subscriber is situated between the Hudson River and the Post Rosd leading from New York to Albany, and contains sixty three acres, three roods and twen ty-six and a half perches of land more or less,) for the purpose of promoting the commerce of this State. Which application will embrace the land adjoining the said land of the subsenber, which is contained within the following boun daries, viz : Beginning at a point at high water mark on the easterlv margin of the Hudson River, adjoining the lands now or late of Elijah Valentine, thirty-one feet distant westerly from a large cedar tree ; thence running north sixty- three degrees and forty-five minutes, west one hundred and ninety-four feet*, thence north twenty-six degrees and fifteen minutes, cast for- ly-two feet ; thence south sixty-three degrees and forty-five minutes, east one hundred and seven leet to high water mark aforesaid ; thence south twoaty-qine degrees, east ninety, eight feet to the place of beginning —Containing one hundred and forty-five one-thousandth parts of an acre of land, (being about one-seventh of an acre) embracing within said bounds the Hock which is now built below high water mark aforesaid. Dated July 2nd, 1845. I0w6 THOMAS W. .LUDLOW. ADVERTISEMENT. An Act reeoitaendinga Convention of the Peo- plsotUus State. Passed May.U, 1845. Tkt Ppm* of Hie StaU of New York, reprt* unled in Senate and Assembly, do enact as fol lows: 61. The Inspectors of election in etch town, ward and election district in this State, at tha annual election lobe held on the Tuesday aucceeding the first Monday of November, one thousand eight hundred and forty-five, ehall provide a proper box to receive the ballots of tbs cithena of this State entitled to vote at such election, in relation to the convention herein after provided forf / On each bal lots shall bo written or printed, or partly written and partly printed, by those voters who ere in favor oflbeproposed convention, the word “ convention, ” and by those voters who are opposed thereto, the words “ no conventioni'* aud all cititena of this State who ahall be entitled by law to vote at such annual election, ahall be altewed to vote by ballot aa aforesaid at the poll or election district in which he resides, and not elsewhere. •' 62. So much of articles one, two and three, of titfa four, of chapter one hundred and thirty, of an act entitled “ An act respecting elections other than for military and town officers, ” passed April 5.1842, u regulates the manner of conduct ing elec tions and challenges, oaths to 'be administered, and inquiries to be made of persons offering to vote, ahall be deemed applicable to tbo votes to be given or offered under this act j and themynner of voting and challenges, and the penalties for false swearing, prescribed by law, are hereby declared in full force and effect in voting under this act. § 3. The said votes givsn for and against a w con- vtntioo, ” in pursuance of this act, shall be can vassed by the inspeetory of the several election districts or noils of the said diction, in the man ner prescribed by law, and aa provided irr article four, of title four, chapter one hundred and thirty of the said act, entitled ” An act respecting dee- tiona other than for militia and town officere.\ passed April 5, 1842. as far as the same are appli cable | and such canvass shall be completed by whole number of auch votes given against such convention in Jhe form aforesaid ) and the result being-found, the inipectora shall make a statement in word* at full length oflbe whole number ofbal- lots received in relation to such proposed conven tion, and ahall also state in word at full length the whole number.of ballots having thereon the word '' convention\ alone, and also the whole number of ballots having thereon the words “ no conven tion. ’ ! Such itatements as aforesaid shall contain a caption sUting the day on which, and the thereof a certificate that such statement la correct in all respect* ; which certificate shall be sub- acribed by all the inspectors, and a tine copy of auch statement ahall be Immediately filed by them in the offica of the clerk of the town or city. § 4. The original itatements, duly certified at aforesaid, ehall be delivered by the inspectors, o by one of them, to Tie deputed for that purpose, to the supervisor, — *- **• — *- ----- ;rjperviaftr — *•- of senators are now by law required to be published and delivered. $ 6. In case the said canvassers shall certify and declare a majority of such ballots or votes to be for a convention, it ahall and may be lawful, and it Is hereby recommended to the citizens oL this State, on the laat Tuesday of April, eighteen hun dred and forty-six, to elec* by ballot, delegates to meet In convention for the purpose of considering the constitution of this btate, and to make such al teration! in the same aa therightaof the people demand, and as they may deem proper. . § 7. The number of delegates to be chosen to such convention shall be the same aa the number of members of Asssmbly from the respective cities and counties in this State. All persons entitled to vote for members of Assembly shall be entitled to vote for auch delegates. Such election ahall in all respects be conducted as is now provided by law for the election of membera of Assembly : the polls opened and held in the asm* manner, and the canvass and other proceedings to determine the electiqn of auch delegates conducted as is now prescribed by law forelectlrfg membera of Aasem- ^*8. Tb* delegatea so chosen, shall meet in con- ntion at the capital in the city of Albany, on lb* first Monday of June, eighteen hundred and forty- six. They shall, by ballot, elect one of their num ber president, and may appoint on# or more secre taries, a printer, and aucb door-keepers and mes sengers u their convenience shall require) and such delegates and the secretaries of the conven tion shall be entitled to the same mileage for travel and the same per diem allowance, as is now pafd to membera of the legislature, and the printer, door-keepers and meiiengere shall receive thesame compensation as is provided by law for similar services and attendance upon the Assembly. The amount of pay aball bo certified by the president oflbe convention, and shall be paid by the trea surer of the State/ on the warrant of the comp, troller, fo the aame manner as member* ofthe legis lature are paid. It ahall be the duty of the secre tary of State tb attend aaid ionvention at the open ing thereof, and be and all public officers ahall far^ oish such convention with all such papers, state ments, books or other public documents in tbeir possession, as the said convention aball order or require ) and it ahall be the duty of the comptroller to furnish the members with all such stationiry as is usual for (be legislator* while in session. -§ 9. The proceedings of the said convention shall be filed In the office ofthe Secretary of State, and the amendments to the constitution agreed to by i he said convention, aball be recorded in hia office; aaid amendments shall be submitted by the contention to the people for their adoption or re jection, at the annual election to bo held on the Tues day next succeeding the first Monday in November, one thousand eight hundred and forty-alx; and eve ry person entitled to vote at that election may vote thereon, in the election district in which he slpll then reside, and not elsewhere. The said amend ments shall be so prepared and distinguished, by numbers or otherwise,e, that they can be voted uf Mr. Bancroft ’ s Oration, D elivered on the occasion or the F unereal H onors to G en . J ackson , in W ashington , F ridat , J une 27, 1845. The men of the American revolution are no more. That age of creative power has phs&d away. • The Inst surviving signer of the Declar ation of Independence has long since left the earth. Washington lies near nis own Poto mac, surrounded by his family and his servants. Adams, the Colossus of independence, reposes in the modest grave-yard of his native nation. Jefferson sleeps on the heights of bis own Mon- ticello, whence his eye overlooked his beloved Virginia. Madison, the last survivor of the men who made our Constitution, lives only in our hearts. But who shall say that the heroes, in whom the image of God shone most brightly, do not Ijve forever ? They were filled with the vast conceptions which called America into be ing ; they lived for those conceptions ; and their deeds praise them. We arc met to commemorate the*virtueB of one who shed his blood for our independence, took part in winning the territory ana forming the early institutions of the West, and was im bued with all the great ideas which constilute the moral force of our country. On the spot where he gave his solemn fealty to the people — here, where he pledged himself before tne world to Freedom, to tne Constitution, and to the Laws —we meet to pay our tribute to the memopr of the last great name which gathers round itself all the associations that form the glory of Ame rica. South Carolina gave a birth-place to Andrew Jackson. On its remote frontier, far up on the forest-clod banks of the Catawba, in a region where the settlers were just beginning to clus ter, his eye first saw the light There his infan-* cy sported in the ancient forests, and his mind was nursed to freedom by their influence. He was the youngest son of an Irish emigrant, of Scottish origin, who, two years after the great war of Frederick of Prussia, fled to America for relief from indigence and oppression. His birth was in 1767, at a time when the people of our land were but a body of dependent colonists, scarcely more than two millions in number, scattered along on immense coast, with.no ar my, or navy, or union — and exposed to the at tempts of England to control America by the aid of military force. His boyhood grew up in the midst of the contest with Great Britain.-- The first great political truth that reached his heart, was that all men are free and equal ; the first great fact that beamed on his understanding, was nis country ’ s independence. The strife, os it increased, came near the shades of his own upland residence. As a boy of thirteen, he witnessed the scenes of horror that accompany civil war; and when but a year older, with an elder brother, he shouldered his musket, and went forth to strike a blow for his country. Joyous era for America and for humanity ! — • full of jnore. __ ____________ there be _____ .v. — be ahall be disabled from at- *e«din< the board of county canvassers, then to ad * the assessors of tbs town or ward, within twenty-four hours after tj* same aball have been subscribed by such inSpeetors. to be disposed of as the other ataUments at socb election are now re quired by law. . . 6 5 8o much of articles first, second, third and fourth of title fifth ol chapter one hundred and thirty, of the act entilled ** An set respecting alw- dons other Hun for militia and town officers,” paued April 5, 184'{, as regulates the duties of county canvassers and their proceedings, and the duty of county clerks and tha Secretary of State, and the board of State canvaittra, shall be applied to the canvassing and ascertaining the will of the people of this btate in relation to the proposed convention j and if it shall appear by the said can- vas* that a majority of the ballots or votes given in ahd returned as aforesaid are for “ no convention,\ then and in such case tbo said canvassers numbers or otherwis that they can be voted upon •eparately, and they ahall be w voted upon, unjesa the convention shall be of the opinion Ibat it is impracticable to prepare them so thst they can be voted upon in that manner; and if the aaid conven tion ahall by resolution decltre that in its judge ment the aaid amendment* cannot be prepared so as to be voted upon separately, they ahall be voted upon together. In either case the convention shall prescribe the form of the ballot, the publica tion ofthe amendments, and the notice to be given of H m election. In case the said amendments shall be voted upon aeparately, every person entitled to vote thereon, may vote for or against any oqe or more of them. At the Slectioa mrtitioned in thia section, the inspector* in every election district shall provide a suitable box to receive tbe bal lots given upon the aaid amendments, which bal lots shall have the word “ constitution\ written or printed, or partly written and partly printed, upon them, so that when they are folded it will appear on the outside of the ballot; snd all tbe provisions ofthe lawa of this State in relation to the election of officers at a general election, shall apply to the voting upon the said amendments, ao far aa tbe •ame can be made applicable thereto )' and the votes given upon the said amendments shall be E lven and canvassed, and all the proceedings shall b had in regard to them, as nearly as practicable in tb* manner prmr ’ ihed by law in respect to the votes given foroojvemor. Each or the said amendments whiclr aball receive a majority of all the votes given upon it at the election mentioned in this section, shall be deemed and taken to be a part of the constitution of thia State, and ahall take rfleet from and after the thirty-first day of Decem ber in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-six, unless the said convention shall prescribe tome other time on which the same shall take ef fect) and each ofthe said amendments which shall not receive a majority of all the votes given upon H ot the aaid election, sh^U be void aud of no effect § 10. All wilful and corrupt fa!*# awearing* In taking any of the oath* prescribed by this act, or by the lawa of this State made applicable to this act, or ony other mode or form in carrying into ef fect this act, ahall be deemed perjury, and ahall be punished in the manner now prescribed by law for ^ILIt ahallbe^heduiy of the Secretary of State to cause thia act to be published once a week for twelve successive weeks previous to the elec tion, in not less than two or more than four of the public newspapers published in each of the sveral counties in thisJState in which two or more public newspapers are published ; and in the public news- Of .he ceHy hunter, und (ugi.iven und; no. be traoxmitted to tbe several clerks of counties in I content with the nenrer neighborhood to hia pa- this State auch number of copiea of this act, rent State, went still further and further to the with the necessary forms and instructions, as . West, till he fonnd hia home in the most beauti* shall be sufficient to supply the several officers 1 ful region on the Cumberland. There, from the who are to perform the duties prescribed by thie first, ne was recognized ns the great pioneer ; act ; and the laid clerks of counties shall distrl- un( j er hi a courage, the coming emigrants were bnte the same to auch officers ; and the expenses ' 8ure t0 find B ^feld. of publish ng snd distributing he same and all , The lover(J of adventure began to pour them- o.b.r l».l «p.njM '\'\'\ “ '\r 1 \ 1 ' ” * 0 '. ! 1 ” selves into Ihu territory. who4 deltcioue climate .nd ’ paidby ,t _ \e^Lg to f.T'\\\' nod fertile «.il iuvitS the V re«n« of roci.l tu ra »r n,* I man. ITic hunter with his rifle and his axe, at- e.UHem , .£.Tla ,f u?c™t “ d!mcU h, .o S1 tb: r Jcj ^ ^ew m'ampK-'a: clerk of a county, unleu tbe office of sheriff of driving the few cattle that were to nmltiplj ns such county shall then be vacant, nor to the first they browsed ; the cultivator of he?soil — all judge, unless the office of sheriff and clerk shall came to the inviting region. >> herever the both be vacant. 'bending mounfains opened a poos— wherever § 13. The county of Hamilton and the county of t) ie buffaloes and the beasts of the forest had Fulton shall jointly elect one delegate te the con- n^de Q trace, these sons of nature, chilaren of vention in the same manner t and the votes ahall humanity, in the highest sentiment of personal be canvused and transmitted in the same manner. f rec d ora cn mc to occupy the beautiful wilder- provided by law in reference to membera of neM ^ ----- -» ---------- 1 ---------- agony and gnef. His father was no His oldest brother fell a victim to thq >var of the revolution ; another, (his compan ion in arms,) died of wounds received in their joint captivity ; his mother went down to the grave a victim to grief aad efforts to rescue her sons ; and when, peace came, he was alone in the world, with no kindred to cherish him, and little inheritance but his own untried powers. The nation which emancipated itself from British rule, organizes itself : the Confederation gives way to the Constitution : the perfecting of that Constitution — that grand event of the thousand years of modern history — is accom plished : America exists as a people, gains unity as a government, and takes its place as a nation among the powers of the earth. The next great office to be performed by Ame rica,.is the taking possession of the wilderness. The magnificent vvestern Valley cried out to the civilization of popular power, that it must be occupied by cultivated man. Behold, then, our orphan hero, sternly ear nest, consecrated to humnnity from childhood by sorrow, having neither father, nor mother, nor sister, nor surviving brother, so young and yet so solitarv*. and, therefore, bound the more closely to collective man — behold him elect for his lot to go forth and assist in laying the foun dations ofsociety in the great valley of the Mis sissippi. At the very time <v7ien Washington was pledg ing his own and future generations to the sup port of the popular institutions which were to be the light of the human race — at tbe time when the institutions of the Old World were rocking to their centre, and the mighty fabric that had come down from the middle ages was falling in — the adventurous Jackson, in the radiant glory and boundless hope and confident intrepidity of twenty-one, plunged into the wilderness, crossed the great mountain-barrier that divides the West- waters from the Atlantic, followed the paths ______ j further proceedings under this set In Isfion to cslling a convention. Rut if it sbsll sp- pen by tbe ssid csnvsu tbst s majority of the bal lots or votes given si aforesaid are for* convention, thst then and in such case, the csnvesMrs shall cer tify snd declare that 4 convention will be called accordingly, and s copy of the isid certificate shall he transmitted by the Secretary of this State to the sheriff, clerk or first judge of each of the conn- lies of this State, and shall be by them published, and copies delivered to the supervisors of the sev ers! towns and cities within their respective coun tier. in the siiQ* manner as notices for the election Assembly. State of New York, ) I have compared the nre- Secretsry's Office, \ ceding with the origins! law on filein this office, and do certify that the fame is s correct transcript therefrom, and of the whole ofthe ssid original. 4WI2N.B BENTON. Secretary of State. GEORGE W. MYER, HAT AND CAP MANUFACTURER, No, 170 Bowery, Between Broome ami Spring streets, New Y ork , Is Manufacturing aud offers for sale at reasonable prices, a general assortmeut b of articles in bis lide, viz.- Men ’ s Blk.fc Drab Hats) Bovs, Youth ’ s snd Chil dren ’ s Hats r Men ’ s, Boy ’ s and Chil dren ’ s Caps, Boy's snd Children's Fancy Cape, . • ’ Caps for Field. I. Infant's Fsncy and Vel vet Cape. Ladles ’ Riding Hats k Caps, Army and,Navy Chs- pesux, aud Non commissioned Officers of the Militia, according to regula- tiou ; Military Fatigue Caps ; U. 8. Navy Caps, on hand, or mndo to order at short notice. Hats and Caps of all descriptions made to orifor. New York, July 10. 1315. • lOtf ___ ..hose prairies blossomed everywhere pro fusely with wild flowers — whose woods in spring put to slmmc, by their magnificence, the cultivated gardens of man. And now that these unlettered fugitives, edu cated onlj-by the spirit of freedom, destitute of dead letter erudition, but sharing the living ideas of the age, had made their homes in the West — what would follow ? Would they degrade themselves to ignorance and infidelity ? Would they make the solitudes of the desert excuses for licentiousness ? Would the doctrines of free dom lend them to liVe in unorganized society, destitute of laws and fixed institutions / At a lime when European society was becom ing broken in pieces, scattered, disunited, and resolved into its elements, a scene ensued in Tennessee, than which nothing more beautiful ly grand is recorded in the annals of the race. These adventurers in (be wilderness longed to come together in organized society. The over shadowing genius of their time inspired them with good designs, and filled them with the counsels of wisdom. Dwellers in the forest, freest of the nee. bound in the spirit, they came up by their represenlalivee, on foot, on horse back, through tbe forest, along the streams, by the buflolo (races, by the Indian paths, by the blazed forest avenues, to meet in convention among the mount-tins at-Knoxville, and frame for themselves a Constitution. Andrew t«t- «on wm there, the greatfc>t nun of them modest, bold, determined, demanding nothing for himself, and shrinking from nothing (hat his heart approved. The Convention came together on tbe 11th day of January, 1790, and finished its work on the 6th day of February. How had the wis dom of the Old World vainly tasked itself to frame Constitutions, that could, at least** be the lubject of experiment : the men of Tennessee, in less than twenty-five days, perfected afabric which, in its essential forms, was to lait for ever. They came together, full of faith and reverence, of love to humanity, of confidence in truth. In the simplicity of wisdom* they framed their Constitution, acting under h^npr influences than they were conscious of : *y They wrought in sad sincerity ; t - ' Themselves from (Sod they could not frM) They builded better (ban they knew » • Tbe conscious stones to beauty grei In the instrument which they frami embodied their faith in God, and the i nature of man. Tliey gave the right of Ii to every freeman ; they vindicated the s of rcason, > by giving freedom of speech the press ; they reverenced the voice of G6<La» it speaks in the soul of man, by assertin^Tbe indefeasible right of man to worship the Infinite according to his conscience : they estawished the freedom and equality of elections ; and they demanded from every future legislator a solemn oath “ never to consent to any act or thing whatever that shall have a tendency to lessen the rights of the people. ” These majestic lawgivers, wiser than the Sc ions, and Lycurguscs and Numas of the Old World — these prophetic t founders of a. State, who embodied in their Constitution the ribblim- est truths of humanity, .acted without refezence to human praises. They kept no special record of their doings ; they took no pains to vaunt their defidi ; and when their work was done, knew not that they had finished one of the sublimest acta ever per formed among men. They left no record, as to whose agency was conspicuous, whose elo quence swayed, whose generous wiilMadomi* nated ; nor shduld we know, but for tadition< confirmed by what followed among thcfteelvea The men of Tenncssee ’ were now ^• eo PJ e ^ and they were to send forth a man to q(and for them in the Congress of the United States — that avenue to glory — that home of eloquence — the citadel of popular power ; and, with one con sent, they united in selecting the foremost man among their lawgivers — A ndreev J ackson . The love of the people of Ten&essee followed him to the American Congress ; and he had served but a single term, when the State of Ten nessee made him one of its representatives in the American Senate, where he sat under the ispiccs of Jefferson. i Thus, when he was scarcely morc|han thir ty, he had guided the settlement of the wilder ness ; swayed the deliberation of ttyeople in establishing its fundamental laws, acted as the representative of that people, and again as tbe representative of his organized State, disciplined to a knowledge of the power of the people and the power of the States ; the associates of re- blican statesmen, the friend and eompanion of Jefferson. T* The men who framed the constitution of the United States, many of them, did not know th* innate life and self-preserving energy of their work. They feared that freedom could not en dure, and they planned a strong government for its protection. During his short career in Congress, Jack- son showed his quiet, deeply-seated, innate, in tuitive faith in human freedom, and in the insti tutions of freedom. He was ever, by his votes and opinions,, found among those who had con fidence in humanity ; and in tbe great division of minds, this child of the woodlands, this re- f iresentative of forest life in the West, was ound modestly and firmly on thk side of free dom. It did not occur to him to doubt the right ___ in to the free development of his poweni ; it did not occur to him to place a guardianship over the people ; it did not occur to him to seek to give durability to popular institutions by giv ing to government a strength independent of popular will. From the first, he was nttached to the funda mental doctrines of popular power, and of the policy that favors it ; and though his reverence for Washington surpassed his reverence for any human being, he voted against the address from the House of Representatives to Washington on his retirement, because its language appeared to sanction the financial policy wnich he be lieved hostile to republican freedom. During his period of service in the Senate, Jackson was elected Major General by the bri gadiers and field officers of the militia of Ten nessee. Resigning his place in the Senate, he made Judge of the Supreme Court in law and eoujty ; such was tbe confidence in his integrity ol purpose, his dearness of judgment, and his igor of will to deal justly among the turbulent ho crowded into the new settlements of Ten nessee. Thus, in the short period of nine years, An drew Jackson was signalized by as many evi dences of public esteem as could fall to the lot of man. The pioneer of the wilderness, the defender of its stations, he wns their lawgiver, the sole representative of a new people in Con/ gress, the representative of tbe State in the Sen ate, the highest in military command, the high est in judicial office. He seemed to be recog nized ns the first in love of liberty, the first in the science of legislation, in judgment, and in- Xlk _'ond of private Jife, he would have re- jigned the judicial office j but the whole coun try demanded his sertice. “ Nature,\ they cried, “ never designed that your powers of thought and independence of mind should be lost in retirement. ” But after a few years, re lieving himself from the cares of the bench, he gave himself to the activity and the independent life of a husbandman. He carried into retire ment the fame of natural intelligence, and was cherished as “ a prompt, frank and ardent soul.\ His .vigor of character constituted him first among all with whom he associated. A private man as he was, his name was familiarly spoken round every hearthstone in Tennessee. Men loved to discuss his qualities. All discerned his power ; and when-the vehemence and.impetu osity of his nature were observed upon, there were not wanting those who saw, beneath the blazing fires of his genius, the solidity of his judjm. is hospitable roof sheltered the emigrant and the pioneer ; and, as they made their way to their new homes, they filled the mountain sides and the valleys with hia praise. Connecting himself, fora season, with a man of business. Jackson soon discerned the mis- conduct of his associate. It marked his charac ter, that he insisted, himself, on paying every obligation that hod boen^ contracted ; and, ra ther than cpdure the vassalage of debt, he in stantly parted with tbe rich domain which his early enterprise had acquired — with his own mansion — with the fields which he himself had tamed to the ploughshare — with the forest whose trees were us familiar to him his friends — and choose rather to dwell, for a time, in a rode log cabin, in the pride of independence and In- teprity. # On all great occasions, Jackson's influence was deferred to. When Jefferson hrfd acquired for the country the whole of Louisiana, and there seemed some hesitancy on the part of Spain to acknowledge our possession, the ser vices of Jackson were solicited by the national administration, and were not c»l)ed into, full exercise, only from the peaceful termination of the incidents that occasioned jhe summons. In the long scries of aggressions on. the frd- dom of the seas, and the rights of the American flag, Jackson was on the side of hi/cfffetrjr, and the new maritime code of republicanism. — In his inland home, where the roar of the break ers wns never heard, and the mariner was never seen, he resented the continued aggressions on our commerce and on our sailors. When the continuance of wrong compelled the nation to resort to arms, Jackson, led by the instinctive knos||cdgc ofjiis own greatness, yet with £ modesty that Would hare bonqred the most sensitive delicacy of nature, confessed his willingness to be employed on tbe CaniSla fron tier ; and it is a fact that he aspired to the com mand to which Winchester was appointed. We « yask, what would have been the result, if command of the north-western army had, af the opening of the war, been entrusted to a man who, m action, was ever so fortunate, that hia vehement will seemed to have made destiny capitulate to his designs. ThetKithof elory led him in another direc tion. On the declaration of war, twenty-five hundred volunteers had risen at his word to fol low his standard ; but, by countermanding or ders from the seat of govehiment, the move ment was without effect. A new and great danger hung over thd West. The Indian tribes were to make one last effort to restore it to its splitude, and recover it for savage life. The brave, relentless Shawnees — who, from time immemorial, had strolled from the waters of the Ohio to the rivers of Ala bama — were animated by Teculnseh and his brother the Prophet, who spoketo them as with ths voice of the Great Spirit, and roused the Creek nation to desperate massacres. Who has not heard of their terrible deeds, when their ruthless cruelty spared neither sex nor age I — When the infant and irs mother, the planter and hir family, who had fled for refuge to the for tress, the garrison that cepitulated — all were slain, and not a vestige of defence was left in the country ? The cry of the West doipan£cd Jackson tor its defender , and though hiftann was then fractured by a ball, and~ nung in-A sling, he plaeed himself at the head of the vo lunteers of Tennessee, and resolved Ip terminate forever the hereditary struggle. Who can tell the horrors of that campaign ? Who can paint rightly the obstacles whicn Jack- son ovcrcorpe —mountains, the scarcity of un- tenanted forests, wintsr, the failure of supplies from the settlements, the insubordination of troops, mutiny, menaces of desertion t Who can measure tne wonderful power over men by which bis personal prowess and attractive ener gy, drew them in mid-winter from their homes, across the mountains and morasses, and through trackless deserts ? «Who can describe the per sonal heroism of Jackson, never sparing himself, beyond any of his men ; encountering toil and fatigue, sharing every labor of the camp and of the march, foremost in every danglr ^giving up his horse to the invalid soldier, while hd himself waded through the swamps on foot ? — None equalled him in power of endurance ; and the private soldiers, as they found him passing them on the march, exclaimed, “ he is as tough as hickory. ” *• Yes,” they cried to one ano ther, “ there goes old Hickory.” Who can narrate the terrible events of the double battles of Emuckfaw, or the glorious victory of Tohopeka, where the anger of the General against the faltering was more appalling thnn the war-whoop and the rifle of the savage f Who ran rightly conceive the field of Enotocno- po, where tne General, as he attempted to draw the sword to cut down a flying Colonel who was leading a regiment from the field, broke again the arm which was but newly knit together ; and quietly replacing it in the sling, with his commanding voice arrested the flight of the troops, and himself led them back to victory ! In six short months of vehement action, the most terrible Indian war in our annals was brought to a close ; the prophets weie silenced ; the consecrated region of the Creek nation re duced. Through scenes of blood, the avenging hcro sdiight only the path to peace. Thus Ala bama, apart of Mississippi, apart of his own Tennessee, nnd the highway to the Floridas, were his gifts to the Union. These were his trophies. Genius ns extraordinary* as military events can call forth, was summoned into action in this rapid, efficient, and roost fortunately con ducted war. Time would fail were I to track our hero down the watercourses of Alabama to the neigh borhood of Pensacola. How he longed to plant the eagle of his country on its battlements ! Time would fail, and words be wanting, were I to dwell on the magical influence of nis ap pearance in New Orleans. His presence dissi pated gloom and dispelled alarm; nt once he changed the aspect of despair into a confidence of security ’ ana a hope of acquiring glory. — Every man knows the tale of the heroic, sud den. and yet deliberatff daring which led him, on the night ofthe twrnty-third of December, to precipitate his little army on his foes, in the thick darkness, before they grew familiar with their encampment, scattering dismay through veteran regiments of England, and defeating them, nnd arresting their progress by n far : ** ferior force. Who shall recount the counsels of prude the kindling words of eloquence, that gushed from his lips to cheer his soldiers, his skirmish es and battles, till that eventful morning when the day at Bunker ’ s Hill had its fulfilment in the glorious battle of New Orleans, nnd Ameri- — - -ndcpendcncc stood before the world in the of victorious power. ^ i were great • deeds for the natioh ; for himself ho did a greater. Had not Jackson bscn renowned tor the vehement impetuosity of his passions, for his defiance oi olnen* ’ authority, nnd the unbending vigor of his self-will ? Be hold the saviour of Louisiana, all garlanded with victory, viewing around him the city he had preserved, the maidens and children whom his ncroism had protected, stand in the presence of a petty judge, who gratifies his wounded vanity by an abuse of his i judicial power. Every breast in the crowded audience heaves with in dignation. He, the passionate, the impetuous — he whose power was to be humbled, whose honor questioned, whose laurels tarnished, alone Stood sublimely serene ; and when the craven judge trembled, and faltered, and dared not proceed, himself, the arraigned one, bade him take courage, and stood by the law even the moment when the law was made the instra- ment of insult and wrong on himself — ft tne moment of hia most perfect chum to the highest civic honors. , ,, His country, when it grew to hold many more millions, the generation that then was coming in, has risen up to do homage to the noble hero ism of that hour. \Voman, whoee-feeling is ■tr always right, did honor from thr first to the purity of nis hcroi«m. The people of Louis; tp the latest hour, will cherish his name as their greatest benefactor. The culture of Jackson ’ s tnind had been much promoted by his semcesand associations in the wnr. His discipline of himself ns the chief in command, his intimate relations witlf men like Livingston, the wonderful dcrtlsjn which he bore a part, all matured his judgment and mel lowed nis character. Peace came with it* delights ; once more the country rushed forward in the development of its powers ; once more the arts of industry hrafed the wpunds that wnr had inflicted ; and, from commerce and agriculture, and manufac tures, wealth pushed abundantly under the free activity of unrestrained enterprise. ^ And Jackson returned to his own fields and his own purlults, to cherish hia_plantation, to care for his servants, to look after his stud, to enjoy the affection of the most kind and devoted wife, xyhom he respected with the genttestdef- erspcc^and Ipvcd with an almost miraculous tenderness. 9 t- V* ■ * And t|iere he stood, like one of the mightiest forest trees of his own West, vigorous and col- lossal, sending its summit to the skies, nnd growing on its native soil in wild and inimitable magnificence, careless of beholders. From all parts of the country he received appeals to his political ambition, and the severe modesty of his well balanced mind turned them all aside. — os happy in his farm, happy in seclusion, happy in his family, happy within himself. But the passions of the Southern Indiurwcre it nllaycd by the pence* with Great JMtftn; and foreign emissaries were still among^hem, to inflame nnd direct their malignity. Jaekson was called forth by his country to restrain the cruelty of the trcacnerons and unsparing Semi nole*. It was in the train of the events of this war that he placed tbe American eagle on St. Mark ’ s and above the ancient towers of St.~Ati4 gustine. His deeds in that war, of themselves, form a monument to human power, to the ce lerity of his genius, to the creative fertility of his resources, his intuitive sagacity. Aa Spain, iii his judgment, had committed aggression, he would have emancipated her.islands; ofthe Havana, he caused the reeonnoisiancc to be made; aad, with on army of five thousand men, he stood ready to guaranty her redemption from colonial thraldom. But when peace was restored, and his office was accomplished, his physical strength sunk under the pestilential influence of the climate, and, fast yielding to disease, he was borne in a litter across the swamps of Florida towards his home. It was Jackson's character thst he never solicited aid from any one ; but he never forgot those who rendered him servicSKltithe hour of need. At a time when all around him believed him near his end, his wife hastened to his side ; and, by her tenderness and nursing rare, her J atient assiduity, nnd the soothing influence of evoted love, withheld him from the grave.' He wonld have remained quietly in bis home in repoee, but that he was privately informed, his good name was to be attainted by some in tended Congressional proceedings ; he come, therefore, into the presence of tne people ’ s re- E resentatives at Washington, only to vindicate is name ; and when that was achieved, he was once more communing with his own thoughts among tbe groves of the Hermitage. “ Irwawnot bis own ambition which brought him again to the public view. The affection of Tennessee compelled him to resume a ea the floor of the American Senate, and,, after years of the intenscst political Strife, Andrew Jackson was elected President of the United States. Far from advancing his own pretensions, he always kept them back, and had for yean pressed the solicitations of his friends to become a candidate. He felt sensibly that he was de void of scientific culture, and little familiar with letters ; and he never obtruded his opinions, or preferred claims to, place. But, whenever his opinion was demanded, he was always ready to pronounce it ; and whenever hi* country in voked his services, he did not shrink even from the station which had been, filled by the most cultivated men our nation had produced. Behold, then, the unlettered man of the West, the nursling of the wilds, the farmer of the Her mitage, little versed in books, unconnected by science with the tradition of the post, raised by the will of the people to the highest pinnacle of honor, to the central post in the civilization of Republican freedom, to the station where nil the nations of the earth wduld watch his actions — where his words would vibrate through the ilized world, and hia spirit be the moving star to guide the nations. What policy will he pur sue ? What wisdom will he bring with him from the forest t What rules of duty will he evolve from the oracles of his own mind ?. The man of the West came as the inspired prophet of the West : he came ns one tree from the bonds of hereditary or established custom ; he came with no superior but conscience, no oracle but his native judgment ; and, true to his origin and his education — true to the conditions nnd circumstances .of his advancement, he. val ued right more than usage ; he reverted from the pressure of established interests to the i gy of his first principles. \yp tread on ashes, where the fire is not yet extinguished ; yet not to dwell on his career as President, were to leave out of view the grand est illustrations of his magnanimity. The legislation of the United States had fol lowed the precedents of the legislation of Euro pean monarchies ; it was the office of Jackson to lift the country out of the European forms of legislation, nnd to open to it a career resting on American - pentiment and American freedom.— lie would have freedom every where —freedom under the restraints of right ; freedom'of indus- try, of commerce, of mind, of univerroj action ; freedom, unshackled by restrictive privileges, unrestrained by the thraldotn of monopolies. ' The unity of his mind nnd his consistency were without n parallel. With natural dialec tics he developed the political doctrines that suited even* emergency, with a precision nnd a harmony tfiat no theorist, could hope to equal. On every subject in politics— I speak but a fact — he was thoroughly and profoundly and im movably radical ; and would sit for hours, nnd in a continued flow of remark make the applica tion of his principles to every question that could arise in legislatioiv or in the interpretation of the constitution. His expression of himself was so dear, that his influence pervaded not our land only,-but all America and all mankind. They say that, ir the physical World, the magnetic fluid j» so dif fused, that its vibrations are discernible simul tancously in every part of the globe. So it is with the element of freedom. And a* Jackson developed its doctrines from their source in mind of humqnity, the popular sympathy v moved and agitated throughout the world, till his name grew every where to be the symbol of popular power. Himself the witness of tbo nithlcsanecs of savage life, he planned the removal of the. In dian tribes beyond the limits of tbe organized States ; and it is the result of his determined policy that the region Eaat of the Misjissippi has* been transferred to the exclusive possession of cultivated man. • ’ A pupil of the wiljernff*!, his heart wns with tht-pioneers of American life toward* the ret- * ting sun. No American Statesnian ha* ever em braced within his affections a scheme tn liberal for the emigrants ns that of Jackson. He longed to secure to them, not pre-emption right* only, but l P°. rc . tl ! an pre-emption right*. Ho longed to inTtfedabor to take possession of the unoc cupied fields [Without money and without price ; with no obligation except the perpetual devo tion of itself by allegiance to its country. Under the beneficent influence of his opinion?, tha sons of misfortune, iho children of adventure, find their way lo the uncnllivated.Wcst. There, in some wilderness glade, or in the thick fortst of the fertilejilain, or where the prairies most Sparkle with flower*, the)*, like the wild Leo which sets them the example of industr)*, rosy choose their home, mark the extent of their pee- sessions by driving stakes or blazing trees, shel ter their log cabin with boughs and turf, and teach the virgin soil to yield Itself to the plough share. Thcicsshall be uesbil'theira thebeautiful farms whi^ tlJfeyJttdilo be productive. Cpme, children ol HS&nSWffifSfr on Whom~*tlre Old World frowns ; crowd fearlessly to lire forests ; plant your homes in confidence, for the country watches over you ; your children grow around you as hostages, and the wilderness, at your bidding, surrenders its grandeur of asc I cw lux uriance to the beauty and loveliness of culture. Yet brautiful and lovely as is this scene, it still by far falls short of the ideal which lived in the affections of Jackson. His heart was ever with the pioneer; his policy .ever favored tire diffu sion of independent freeholds throughout tho laboring classes of our land. It would be a ain against the occasion were I to omit to commemorate the deep devotedness of Jackson to the cause and to the rights of labor. It was for the welfare of lire laboring classes that he defied all the storms of political hostility. He longed to secure to labor tne fruits of its own industry ; apd he unceasingly op posed every system which tended to lessen their reward, or which exposed them to he defrauded of their dues. The laborers may bend ovc^liis grave with affectionate sorrow ; for never in tire tide of time did k Statesman exint more heartily resolved to protect them in their rights and to advance their happiness. For their benefit, ho opposed partial legislation ; for. their benefit, he reamed all artificial jnethdds of controlling labor, and aubjetting it to capital. It was for their benefit, that he loved freedom in nil its forms —freedom of the individual in pcreonal independence, freedom of the States as separate sovereignties. He never wonld listen to coun sels which tended to the centralization of power. The true American system pre-supposes the dif fusion of freedom — organized life in all the parts of the body politie, a* there is organized life in ever)* part of the hnraan system. Jackson was deaf to ever)* counsel which sought to sub ject general labor to a central will. His vindi cation of the just principles of the constitution derived its sublimity from his deep conviction that this strict construction is required by the lasting welfare of the great laboring classes of the United States. To this end, Jackson revived the tribunical power of the veto, and exerted it against the de cisive, action of both branches'of Congrc.'s, against the votes, the wishes, the entreaties of personal nnd political friends. •• Show me,\ was his reply to them, “ show me an express clause in the constitution authorizing Congress lo take tbe business of State Legislatures out of their hands. ” \ You will ruin us all, ” cried a firm partisan friend, \ will ruin your party nnd your own prospect*.\ “ Providence,” answered Jackson, •• will take care of me;\ and perse vered. In proceeding to discharge the debt of the Unitea States — a measure thoroughly American — Jackson followed the example of his prede cessors ; but he followed it with the full con sciousness that he wns rescuing the country from the artificial system of finance which had prevailed throughout the world ; and with him it formed a part of a system by which Ameri can legislation was lo separate itself more nnd more effectually from European precedents, and develope itself moip and more according to tbo vital principles of our«{felitiral existence. The discharge ot tbe deb! bright will* it, of necessity, a^grsa!.reduction of thepublfc bur dens, and brought, of necessity, into view^thn question. Jfew far America should follow, of choice, the bid restrictive system of high duties, under which Europe had .oppressed America ; or how far she should rely on her own freedom and enterprise and power, defying the compeli- tion, and seeking the markets, and receiving tho product* of the world. Tire mind of Jackson on this subject rca«on- cd clearly, nnd without passion. In the abuses of the system of revenue excessive imposts, he saw evils which the^public mind would rem edy ; and, inclining 'vith the whole might of his energetic nature to the side of revenue du ties, he made hi* earnest but tranquil appeal to the judgment of the people. Tne portions of country that euficred most severely from a system of legislaffon, which, in its extreme character as it then existed, is now universally acknowledged to have been unequal and unjust, -wore less tranquil; nnd rally ing on the doctrines of freedom, which mnilo our government a limited one, they saw in the oppressive nets nn aSsumjition of power which was nugatory, because it was exercised, as they held, without authority from the people. Tire contest that ensued was the most mo mentous in our annal*. Tire greatest minds in America engaged in the discussion. Eloquence never achieved sublimcr triumphs-in the Amer ican .Semite than on those occasion*. The coun try became deeply divided ; and the antagonist clement* were arrayed against each other under forms of clashing authority menacing civil war . the freedom of tlie several State* wji* invoked against the power of the United States ; nnd under the organization of a State in convention, the rcBcrvcd rights of the people were ’ suin' moned to display their energy, and balance the authority and neutralize the legislation of the central government. Hie States were agitated with prolonged excitement ; the friends of free dom tnrqughout the world looked on with di vided sympathies, praying that the union of tho States might be perpetual, nnd also that the commerce of the world might be free. fortunately for the country, nnd fortunately for mankind, ’ Andrew Jackson was at the helm of State, the representative of the principles that were to allay excitement, nnd to restore the hop;s of pence and freedom. By natnre, by im pulse, by education, by conviction, a friend to neraonaf freedom—by education, political sym pathies, and the fixed habit of his mind, a friend to the right* of the States — unwilling that tbo ; liberty of the States should be trampled under foot— unwilling that the constitution should loose its vigor or be impaircdT he rallied for rhu constitution t and in its name he published to the world “ Tire U nion : jt must be fREsruv- ed . ” The words were a spell to hush evil pas sion, end to remove oppression! Under Ins S iding influvnee, tbe favored interests, which 4 struggled to perpetuate unjust legralatror,, yielded to tho voice of ‘ moderation and refc/tn ; and every mind that had for a moment contem plated a rupture of tho States, discarded it for ever. Tlio whole influence of the p?'t hc . ORIGINAL STAINED
