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l a w k PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY G. R ITC H IE , Jun. SIGN OF FAUST AND FRANKLIN’S HEAD, FERRY-STREET, SCHENECTADY. [V ol . I .] T H U R S D A Y , J U L Y 1 , 1824. [N o . 2 .] M O H A W K S E N T I N E L , Published every T hursday morning, at the sign of Faust and Franklin’s head, Ferry-Street, Schenectady. C o n d i t i o n s . — The Sentinel will be delivered to city subscribers at $2 per annum, payable half-yearly in advance. To companies of twelve or more who take the paper at the office §1 50 per annum, payable in advance. Advertisements of not more than one square, inserted three times for $1 00 , and 18 cents per w eek after. No Papers or advertisements will be discon tinued until all arrearages are paid. Books, Pamphlets , Cards and Handbills , neatly and expeditiously executed. From the London Geographical Encyclopoedia. Chartered and other Companies. — Companies in Great-Britain are societies of merchants, me chanics, or other traders, joined together in one common interest. When there are only two or three joined in this manner, it is called a partnership ; the term com pany being restrained to societies consisting of a considerable number of members, associated to gether by a charter obtained from the sovereign, The mechanics of all corporations or towns in corporated, are thus erected into companies, which have charters of privileges and large im munities. Those of London are very numerous. The mercers were incorporated in the 17th of king Richard II., in the year 1393 ; the grocers, in the 20 th Edward III., ann. 1345 ; the drapers, in the 17th Henry VI., ann. 1430 ; the fishmon gers, in the 28th of Henry VIII, ann. 1530; the* goldsmiths, in the 16th of Richard II., ann. 1392 ; the skinners, in the 1 st of Edward III., ann. 1327; the merchant-taylors, in the 17th Henry VII. ann. 1501; the haberdashers, orhurrers, in 26th, Henry VI. ann. 1447, and 17th, Henry VII., ann 1501 ; the salters, in 20 fch Henry VIII., ann. 1530; the ironmongers, in 3d.Ed ward IV., ann. 1462 ; the vintners, in the reign of Edward III. and 15th Henry VI; and the clothiers, or cloth-workers, in 22 d Henry VIII. Besides these, which are the twelve principal companies of London, there are other very con siderable ones; as the dyers, brewers, leather- sellers, pewterers, barbers, surgeons, armourers, white-bakers, wax-chandlers, cutlers, girdlers, butchers, saddlers, carpenters, cordwainers,paint ers, curriers, masons, plumbers, innholders, foun ders, embroiderers, poulterers, cooks, coopers, bricklayers, and tylers; also bowers, fletellers, blacksmiths, joiners, plaisterers, weavers, fruitei- ers, scriveners, bottle-makers, and horners: like wise stationers, marblers, wool packers, farriers, paviours, lorimers or Joriners, tallow-chandlers, brown-bakers, wood-mongers, upholsters, turners, glaziers, clerks, watermen, apothecaries, and throwsters. ------------- - ----- HARD NAMES. Amongst Cromwell’s religious adherents of this class (the Independence) was a leather seller ofFleet-Street,of the name of uPraise-God-Bare- b o n e a hot-brained fanatic, but a shrewd and artful fellow, and not deficient in natural abilities. According to Granger in his Biographical Histo ry of England, this man bad a brother, whose Christian name was “ Christ-came-mtodhc-world t o - s a v e and another christened “ If-Christ- had-not-died-thou-hadst-been-damned.” Mr. Wil son mentions the following as a list of jury-rnen returned in the county of Sussex. As a curious fact, and strongly pourtraying the spirit of those times, it is worth inserting. Accepted Trevor, of Norsham. Redeemed Compton, Battle. Faint-not Hewet, of Heathfield. Make-peace Heaton, of Hare. God-reward Smart, of Fivehurst. Standfast-on-high Stringer, of Crow burst. Earth Adams, of Warbleton. Called Lower, of Warble ton. Kill -sin Pimple, of Witham. Return Spelman, of Watling. Be-faithful Joiner, of Britling. Fly-dcbate Robert, of Britling. Fight-lhe-good-fght-ofFaithWh\te,)Q[Ett\GYi More-Fruit Fowler, of East-Hadley. Hope-for Bending, of East-Hadley. Graceful Harding, of Lewes. W e e p -n o t Billings, of Lewes. Meek Brewer, of Okeham. The Friends, or Quakers. — This sect first made its appearance about the year 1647, or 1648, through the ministry of a person of the name of George Fox , a native of Drayton, in Leicester shire, and by trade a grazier and shepherd, at least in his early years. Observing the licentiousness of many persons professing the Christian name, he boldly went forth, and preached with much an imation, though not always, perhaps, with suffi cient prudence, against injustice, drunkenness, and other vices ; at the same time inveighing bit terly against the established modes of worship, and a separate hired ministry; which he con ceived to be contrary to divine authority. This he didin the public market-places, in courts,fairs, and sometimes in the churches themselves. This conduct naturally procured him the attention of the magistrates, who, in the year 1649, sent him to prison at Nottingham ; after which he was fre quently honored with this mark of his Christian calling. His persecutions on some occasions were extremely rigorous and severe. After Fox, there sprung up a succession o f men who adhered to his doctrines, with a zeal and a constancy truly laudable, through persecutions and oppressions of the severest nature ; and which nothing but a consciousness of duty— an unshaken piety, and an unconquerable spirit of Christian fortitude, could have enabled them to sustain; and now, truly may it be said of this bo dy of Christians, “they have overcome the world,” they have survived the fire of persecution— they have lived to command the respect— to extort e- ven from the most profane the meed of applause, and to merit, in many respects, the approbation of the whole Christian world ; so that it is now as honourable, and as creditable to an individual to be known as a steady member of the Quaker’s Society, as it was once deemed a mark of con tempt and derision, and a sure title to bonds and imprisonment. The appellation o f Quarters was given by way of contempt: some say on account of the trem blings under the impression of divine things which appeared in their public assemblies; but they themselves say it was first given them by one of the magistrates who committed George Fox to prison, on account of his bidding him and those about him to tremble at the word of the Lord.— Whatever was the origin of the name, it became their usual denomination, though they themselves adopted the appellation of Friends. An act was made in the year 1696, which,with a few exceptions, allowed to their affirmation the legal force of an oath, and provided a less oppres sive mode for recovering tythes under a certain amount; which provisions under the reign of George the First, were made perpetual. For re fusing to pay tythes, &c. however, they are still liable to suffer in the exchequer and ecclesiasti cal courts, both in Great Britain and Ireland. members; one at Pleasant Hill, Mercer co. Ken. containing between 4 and 500 members; one at South Union, Logan co. Ken. containing between 3 and 400 members ; one at West Union, Knox, co. Ind. containing upwards of 200 members.— Most of the Societies contain a number of large families, and each family is provided with one or more large and convenient dwelling-house, and workshops. In each society there is a house for public worship, and an office for the transaction of business. Their employments are agriculture, horticulture, and domestic manufactures, which furnish a variety of articles for the market. Oaths, War, Titles, cfc.— With respect to the former of these, they abide literally by these words of our Saviour: “ Again, ye have heard that it hath been said of them of old time, thou slialt not forswear thyself, &c. But I say unto you, swear not at all : neither by heaven, &c. but let your communication be yea, yea, nay, nay ; for whatsoever is more than these comelh of evil.1'* As also the words of the apostle James : “ But a- bove all things, my brethren, swear not; neither by heaven, neither by the eaith, neither by any other oath : but let your yea, be yea,and your nay, nay, lest ) e fall into condemnation.” From the same sacred collection of the most excellent precepts of moral and religious duty, from the example of our Lord himself, and from the corresponding convictions of his spirit in their hearts, they are confirmed in the belief, that wars and fightings are in their origin and effects utter ly repugnaut to the spirit and doctrines of Christ who by excellency is called the Prince of Peace. They affirm that it is not lawful for Christians either to give or receive such flattering titles of honour, as your Holiness, your Majesty, your Ex cellency, &:c. Neither do they think it right to use what are comaionly called compliments; such as your humble servant, &c. They affirm that it is not lawful for Christians to kneel, or prostrate themselves to any man, or to bow the body, or to uncover the head to them ; because kneeling, bowing and covering the head, are the only out ward significations of our adoration towards God. and, therefore, it is not lawful to give them unto man.— They affirm that it is not lawful for Chris tians to use such superfluities in apparel, as are of no use, save for ornament and vanity.— That it is not lawful to use games, sports or plays among Christians, under the notion of recreation, which do not agree with Christian gravity and sobriety : for sporting, gaming, mocking, jesting, vain talk ing, &c. are not consonant with Christian liberty nor harmless mirth. With regard to religious liberty, they hold that the: rights of conscience are sacred and unalien able, subject only to the control of the Deity,who has not given authority to any man, or body of men, to compel another to his or their religion. Shaker Societies in the United States •— The first and one of the largest is at New-Lebanon, about 2 1-2 miles south of Lebanon springs, in the coun ty of Columbia, State of New-York, 2d miles southeast from Albany, and contains between 5 and 600 hundred persons. One at Watervliet, 7 miles northeast from Albany, containing up wards of 200 members ; one at Hancock, Berk shire county, Mass. of 300 members; one at Ty- ringham in the same county, containing 100 mem bers : one at Enfield, Hartford co. Conn. con taining about 200 members ; one at Harvard, Worcester co. Mass. containing about 200 mem bers ; one at Shirley, Middlesex co. Mass. con taining 150 members ; one at Canterbury, Rock ingham co. N. Hampshire, containing upwards of 200 members; one at Enfield, N. Hampshire, containing 200 members ; one at Alfred, Maine, containing' 200 members ; one at New-Glouces- ter, Maine, containing about 150 members ; one at Union village, Warren county, Ohio, con taining nearly G 00 members; one at Watervliet, Montgomery /,o, Ohio, containing about 100 R O B I N S O N C R U S O E . It was in D a m p i e r ’s l a s t voyage t h a t he discovered Alexander Selkirk (the ori ginal Robinson Crusoe of De Foe,) on the Isle of J u a n F e r n a n d e z . T h i s in dividual was born at Largo, in the county of Fife, S c o t l a n d ; and previous to his r e maining on the island, had been m a s t e r of the Cinque Ports, under Captain Strad- ling. H e was considered the most able an d injripid seamen among t h e free-boot- ers. T h e occasion of his being left a s h o r e was, a quarrel with his Captain, and the shattered s t a t e of the vessel. After a few days, however, he was desirous of r e t u r n ing,, b u f Stradling refused to t a k e him on hoard. T h u s left alone and desolate, he sat night after night, and day after day, watching the periodica! r e turn of the B u c caneers ; sometimes with a g limmering of hope, hut more frequently abandoning hi mscli to the agony of despair, arid nev er satisfying the cravings of nature till compelled by extrem e h u n g e r ; but man is t h e creature of h a b it, a n d Selkirk, after seven or eight months, becam e accustom ed to the s o litude, and shook off his mel ancholy. H e built himself two huts of pimento trees, thatched with grass and covered with goats’ skins. T h e s e were stored with all t h e wealth he possessed, viz : his clothes, bedding, musket, some pow d e r and hall, a k ittle a n d knife, s e v e r a l books, among which was the Bible, and his nau tical instruments. In his l a r g e r hut he lived and s l e p t ; frequently employing him s e l f in r e a d i n g and prayer, and o c c a sionally giving vent to t h e fulness of his heart by singing psalms, so t h a t he after wards observed, that he was a b e t t e r Christian during his solitary retreat from the world, than he ever had been before, or he feared ever s h o u l d h e again. T h e smaller hut was r e s e r v e d for c o o k i n g a n d other purposes. Among his a musements to while away t h e dreary hours, was c u t ting his nam e on trees, with t h e date of his landing, and the duration of his con finement; looking forward to the time w h e n it might possibly m e e t the eye of a countrymen, perhaps, after his remains h a d m o u l d e r e d into dust. H e was at first much annoyed by cats and rats, which had from time to time run away from the ships that t o u c h e d at the island, a n d become very numerous. T h e rats gnawed his feet a n d clothes, while he was sleep i n g ; but the cats becam e do m e s t i c a t e d , and soon delivered him from the more destructive vermin. H e had also t a m e d some young kids, and t a u g h t them a num b e r of t r i c k s for his diversion, frequently singing a n d dancing with them and his cats. Iiis principal food was goat’s flesh, and cray fish, dressed in va rious ways a c c o r d i n g to his taste. W h e n his powder failed, h e hunted the g o a t s by speed of foot; for his ample mode of living, with t h e continual exercise of r u n ning, had rendered him amazingly swift in passing through woods, and agile in climbing the hills and rocks. On one oc- casion, however, while pursuing the ani mal with great eagerness, he caught his o c 7 o# game on the brkik of a steep precipice, concealed from his view by t a n g led bush es. so t h a t h e fell from the height, and was so much injured as to lay, as he s u p p o s e d , for 24 hours, without sense or motion. On reviving he found the goat lying dead he- neath him. T h i s accident confined him nearly a fortnight to his hut. A circum stance something simular in its n a t u r e . h u t ! more fatal in t h e result, occurred about fifteen y e a r s since', on an uninhabited Is land in the South Seas. A ship was w r e c k ed, and only two individuals escap e d ; one of them an African, t h e other an E n glishman, still living, at present an office^ in t h e royal navy, a n d e mployed in a situ-? ation of considerable scientific import-* ance. T h e s e two liyed tolerably com fortable for the first twelve m o n t h s ; but- shortly after this, b e i n g engaged in hunt- ting, the African fell from a great height and was literally dashed to pieces. We' have heard this narration from the lips o f the survivor, who r e mained a considera ble time after this melancholy event, on? the island, lonely and sad, till h a p p ily re^ lieved by the casual arrival of a Whaler. But, to r e t u r n to Selkirk. H e had kept a r e g u lar account of the num b e r of goats' he had killed, which amounted to 500,h e had caught many more, marking them the ear, a n d then restoring them to l iber ty. T h e insipidness o f his meals,■ w ithout bread and salt, was at first a great incon venience, but Dampier, having in a fort' m e r v o y a g e s o w e d s o me t u rnips,they n ow produced very abundantly, spreading o- ver s e v e r a l acres of g r o u n d : he had also a plentiful supply of cabbage, from the cabbage palm ; and t h e s e being well s e a soned, with t h e fruit of t h e pimento, soon; gave a relish to his food. His clothes and- shoes were speedily worn out. T o reme dy the first defect,he m a d e a c o a t a n d cap' ot g o a t skins, arid shirts from linen he h a d with him, using a nail by way of a needle* and the ravel lings of a worsted stocking; for t h r e a d ; but he was com p e l l e d to go* with b a r e feet, and the soles got, in time^ so hard to e n a b l e him to a s c e n d t h e s h a r p rocks without m a t e r i a l i n c o n v e n i e n c e . During his confinement he had seen1 several ships pass the island; hu t only two, which were Spaniards, came to' a n anchor ; but he preferred t h e risk of dy^ ing u n h e e d e d and alone, to surrendertrrg himself into their p o w e r ; dreading thafi they would e i t h e r put him to d e a t h or s e n d him as a slave to t h e mines. T h e Span iards, however, discovered, pursued and fired at h i m ; b u t he escaped by climb-' ing a thick t r e e , a t the foot of which se veral of t h e m s t o p p e d . This extraordinary man was well k n o w n to D a m p i e r ; but on his first coming o n board, had so forgotten his l a n g u a g e t h a t he could scarcely understand him. H e only articulated h a l f the s y llables of most W'ords t h a t he uttered. Some l i q u o r w a s offered him w h i c h he refused, having been so long accustomed to water. H e was r e c e i v e d on board t h e Duke, and a f terw a r d s s e r v e d as m a t e in t h a t ship, dur ing the voyage, being then about thirty years of age. T h e D u k e returned to England at the beginning o f Oct. 1710,* and the profits o f this voyage were' e s t L m a t e d at L 170,000. Extract from the Lancet. Case o f poisoning by the bite o f a Viper , Cured tif the effusion o f cold water, by H r. G. Prina * Carlo Nava, o f Crevenna, aged four-' teen years, of a delicate constitution, in the month of May, in this y e a r, was bitten by a viper, while climbing over a rock in our mountains, s i t u a t e d to t h e south east* to get a bird’s nest, a t t h e last j o i n t of t h e index of the left hand. A very acute pain? at the part which extended to t h e shoul der, and which m a d e him utter a piercing cry was the immediate consequence'. H e ran to his f a t h e r ’s house, whence he was immediately brought to mine ; h u t as I happened to be absent on my profession al duties, my wife poured a little spirit of nitrous aether on the wound; which was so small as to be s c a r c e l y visible. T h i s Was- half an hour after the adcident, when he exhibited no other s y m p ton, except g r e a t inquietude. On his r e turn to his f a ther’s house, his prostration of s trength was visi- hie; a tendency to sleep was observed, and the slight swelling a t the part increas ed, a n d extended to the arm.—In this s tate he was taken .to the hospital at Lezza*
