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11 1 r I TERMS OF ADVERTISING. 1 BY CLEVELAND <fc LOOK. One square one week, three '* three months .t T E R M 8 s To village subscribers who receive the pa pers by the carrier,$ 2 ,00. To mail subscribers, and those who receive their papers at the office, $1,50. Fifty cents will be added in all cases where payment is not made within three months. No papers will be discontinued until arrearages are paid. D O C T O R R H O A D E S ’, OFFICE AND RESIDENCE ON SENECA STREET, Nearly opposite the M ansion H ouse . 68 DR H. W BELL OFFICE AND RESIDENCE On Main st., O n e D o o r N o r t h o f k i t O l d R e s i d e n c e , AND OPPOSITE THE REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH 63 CLEVELAND & LOOK, Proprietors. & C. CLEVELAND, Editor. - $0,50 t.oo 3,00 six * . 5,00 one year - . 8,0O Half column one year, * • 25 00 One 41 44 44 * - 40io0 Business Cards inserted one year for 5,00 No advertisement will be charged less than one square, and all advertisements will be con tinued until otherwise ordered It VOL. XXI—-NO. 33. WEDNESDAY MORNING WHOLE NO. 1073 N. B. All advertisements must be brought in by Tuesday morning in order to secure an insertion the same week. Correspondence. C akooa , S eneca C o ., N. Y., July 12, 1851. E ditor C ourier :—l left for the R. R. Station in your village about 10 A. M. on Thursday last, as you will recol lect ; but owing to the accident near WATT BTTnirVT <rnnl Unionville, (and disliking to turn about ±1 A L, Li, XL U V JX. K L. &, L O ., when my face is once set>) waited sta- WHOL.ES ajle d r u g g i s t s , AND DEALERS IX Paints, Oils, White Lead, Dye Stuffs, Fancy Articles, &c.. No. 220 GREENWICH St., one Door below Barclay st., New York, Invite the patronage of Country Dealers in general. N. B. Manufacturers of the best Friction Matches in the world, Gm69 tionary about the latter locality some 5 hours before leaving for the East. As is always the case as regards the acci dents and incidents of life, some took » dt J. H O P K I N S IMPORTERS AND DEALERS OF BAR AND BUNDLE IRON, Cast, Blister, and Spring Steel; Amcr- .4 German Hard- lean, English, am ware; Nails, Anvils, Vices, &c., <fcc., 93 Barclay St, New York. Gm 6 d the detention philosophically, and hus banded their vitality to be expended on some more fitting and perhaps paying occasion ; while others fretted, and wore out their shoe-leather by walking to and to be found half a mile West of this, j herds of horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs, covering an area of 100 square feet, I should judge. One or two saw and grist mills are located and in operation on its never-failing stream. Diiectly opposite, on the East shore of the lake, is Springport, deriving its fine water power, \also from springs. A ferry plies, constantly between the two places, do ing, I understand, a very remuneraling business. Canoga is a very roomy little village out-of-doors ; two churches, Methodist and Presbyterian ; one tavern, affording perhaps too much to drink for some fe w , I am glad to say, of its inhabitants ; some 2 or 3 stores; and mechanic-shops of various kinds. They make good bug gies here. —There is a large propor- fro, with countenances meanwhile mid- way between impatience and positive] tion here, as everywhere in this county, displeasure. Well, we left your village about 3 P . M-, and arrived safe in Auburn at 20|enterprize exists among some, as you of intelligent and well-to-do farmers, mechanics, &c. A spice of uncommon W M . F. LB A M AN, Plain and Ornamental Painter, Graining & Internal Decorations, for Public and Private Houses, done in the best style of the art. 0m69 Seneca st., Geneva, N. Y. THOMAS & HALEY, - Importers, & Wholesale Dealers in F © R II! 1 # W <St M 1 1 M 3 GREEN AND DRIED 312 Washington Street, minutes past.5 the same afternoon * A s |can admit when I tell you that one to time, you see, to use a stanza of resident hereabouts offered to bet $100, b’hoy poetry, we 44 Let h e r went.** I understood, that he could get J enny L ind to sing here ! I went, last evening, by invitation of a In our advancing* forward and back - ward tp allow trains from the opposite friend* and Sot 12* cents worth of nec\ c r a b h i n s it some half romancy and ventriloquism, from Mons. I molified DAN L THOMAS, JEREMIAH HALEY CO NEW YORK. D IETZ, B R O T H E R & CO. 134 WILLIAM STREET, N e w Y o r k . MANUFACTURERS OF EVERY VARIETY OF L u m p s , C l i a i u l e l i e r s , G i r a n d o l e s , C a n d e l a b r a . GAS FIXTURES, &C. April, 1851. 5Sm6 SILSBE, BULKLE.Y & BENNETT, Manufacturers of, ami Wholesale and Retail Dealers in CABINET WARE AND FURNITURE. W a v e R o o m s —41 S e n e c a s t., GENEVA, N. Y. 50 direction to pass- dozen miles in the operation my reflections with the soothing unction, that, for once, at least, taking into con sideration the whole distance passed and re-passed^ we had got this proverbially liberal R. R. corporation to reasonable I would rather have had it, however, in as straight forward a direc tion as the meanderinss of the track V alois . The performer I took to be a Yankee, though he had practiced him self so Well to the foreign twang, that he did not forget himself and talk Yan-, kee once. He went through with the usual tricks of chewing cotton, setting mileage ! it on fire, and emitting sparks and smoke from his mouth ; spitting ribbons of va rious colors ; ramming a wa'.ch into a pistol, firing it, and afterwards finding it would allow of. But you know, M r., „ _ , . , , , „ . , 8hfe around the.neck of a little dog in a Editor, U s a wholesome reflection to . ® know that you’ve wormed about your due out of a tight thing, “ any way you can fix it.” M ISS 1IK L .EN 31. C R A N E , INSTRUCTRESS ON THE PIANO FORTE, Geneva at.. Geneva,'IV. Y. 1041'yl Ki a ® w a » SEN E C A ST R E E T . . ' GENEVA, N. Y* 1037 S U P E R I O R C H A I N PUM P * MANUFACTURED and SOLD, wholesale and HKTA1L, BY D. m A B IE , O p p o s i t e t l i e T e m p e r a n c e H o u s e , C A S T L E STG ENEVA, N. Y. 44y Auburn T found rejoicing over the passage of the Auburn Loan Bill—hav ing just succeeded, by the most ener getic exertions on the part of their mem ber and one or two others, in M rushing it through before the adjournment. The drawer, which* when first opened, was apparently em pty; catching a ball in his hand fired from a pistol ; running a sword some 18 inches down his throat, &c.t &c. He performed much better than I had expected. The hall of the tavern might accommodate 150, and was one-third full—one-fourth ladies. intelligence of its success had been re o ceived that morning ; and, in honor thereof, one hundred guns were fired, the contributions for which were raised none being allow- i.i a very short tim e- ed to contribute more than fifty cents. Tliis illustrates the contrast between It was refreshing to hear the comments of his perfectly-at-home free-and-easy audience ; they kept the performer per fectly advised of their estimate of each Some D . T. CLEVELAND, F i r e , M a r i n e , L i f e , a n d H e a l t h INSURANCE AGENT. ( offices at the courier office , south sidic SENECA STREET, NO. 3 9 , UP STAIRS.) DR. J. S. STEVENS, Cilice with Dr. E. Barnes, Eastside Park Place, Main Street. Residence, Main Street, 2nd door above the Post Office. 1), O. CRANE, M. D.. Surgeon Dentist,—Office No. 29, Seneca street. D r 7 v VM.\ KIMBER, Physician and Surgeon—Office, tive doors north of the Bank 4S Geneva and Auburn as regards railroads and the love of smelling powder. This bill authorizes the city to bonww money on its credit to the amount of $100,000, and loan the same to the railroad, which is' immediately to be put under contract ‘from Little Sodus Bay to a point inter- e seating the Cayuga & Susquehanna R. R., 7 miles from Ithaca. I believe you, Mr. Editor, had the temerity to sug gest in effect the same thing to the G e nevese. A majority oftvvo-thirds of the taxable inhabitants is necessary to make the bill available an election will soon be called, and it is confidently anticipa ted that four-fifths of the votes, will be found in favor of the measure. This separate trick, as it took place, they boisterously applauded ; again they would tell him he was some pumpkins ; and then, at another time, he was sim- . i ply and entirely pumpkins l I couldn’t help enjoying it. ITvUIO. Ltv«, HI The foregoing was intended fdr last week’s paper, but was unavoidably deferred.—E d . For die Geneva Cornier. % Letter from California. M arysville , Y uba C o ., C al ., 1 April 27, .1851. j M r . E ditor Y ou doubtless receive such a constant flood of news from this GEO. P. MO WRY, Dealer in Drugs, Medicines, etc., Nc. 10 ,Sen eca street. road will cross the direct Rochester & far-off limb of the great national tree, that a letter from your old friend can af ford you but little gratification ; but if it affords a little, it is sufficient to induce A. D. PLATT Wholesale and retail dealer in Drugs, Groce ries, Paints and Dyes, No. 8 Seneca street. Syracuse route at Port Byron or Weeds- Auburn is the main spoke in the me to write on. port. H. PAUMELI3E, Dealer in Drugs, Medicines, Paints, Oils, Dye Studs and Groceries, No. 21, Seneca st. C. WHEAT, Dealer in Fancy & Staple Dry Goods, No. 36 Seneca street, Geneva. COBB & SMITH, Dealers in Fancy and Staple Dry Goods, Carpet-, ing, etc.—store at No 23, Seneca street. H. H. & G. C. SEELYE, Fashionable Dry Goods, No 30, Seneca street. VKOMAN BECKER, Dealerin Dry Goods,Groceries, Crockery,Glass and Wooden Ware, Cutlery, Nails, etc.—Water, a little south of Tillman street. wheel of this enterprize. Having got decidedly the go by by the cpnsolidation of the two companies of the old road, her capital and energies have not borne the affront supinely, as we have evi- Tho dence in the present enterprize. capital stock is $1,000,500. She builds v i ' 1 , cal and broad-rimmed hat, long nue, a much larger road, and overcomes a 9 r The theme of my present gossip, is principally concerning the men of this country. They, you are aware, are made up of specimens of every nation of any note on the face of the globe.— By seating one’s self by the highway for an hour any day, we can see, in the passers-by, the Chinese, with his coni- P. A. BRITTON & CO., Dealer in Staple and Fancy Goods, Groceries. etc., at No 16, Seneca street. DERBY, ORTON & CO., Booksellers, Stationers, Bookbinders, etc., N 22 Seneca street. WILLIAM H. SMITH, lookseller, Stationer, Blank Book Manufacturer and Binder. No. 31 Seneca street. 1 WIGHT & CLARK, Fashionable Hat Store, No 11, Seneca street. more difficult grade, costing consequent ly more per mile than it would have cost Geneva, had she possessed the nec essary vim to prosecute the undertaking. This again illustrates the difference be tween the capitalists of Auburn, and that enterpriziug and spirited class, the monied men of Geneva. In this last, however, I should make about one ex ception copper skin, high cheek-bones, flat face, pig-shaped eyes, shirt-shaped flannel coat, (open before, or tied together with strings, and bag-like pantaloons; then the Kanaka, or Sandwich Islander, with his dark visage, straight long hair, broad Indian-formed face, and half-savage the then polite, loquacious As I was taking my seat for Cayuga Bridge, on my way to the place at which my letter is dated, I encountered J. R. JOHNSTON, Manufacturer of Steam Engines, Boilers, Mil Gearings, etc., at the Seneca Lake Foundry] H e has become celebrated for his advo- emerging from the cars—that large and brilliant colored specimen, the Rev. S. R. W ard , who, some 5 or 6 years ago, was a resident of your beautiful village. d ress: . * _ Frenchman ; the muttering Dutchman ; the half-Indian Spaniard, Chilian, and Peruvian,—followed by the English, Scotch, Welsh, and Irish; the Russian, Polander, Norwegian, Prussian, Swiss, Justland Swede. But the most conspicu ous characters are the citizens of the Atlantic States, and the British convicts from Sidney ; but they are distinguished Water street, Geneva. 4 time: and, judging from the impression BBCrAR H . H U R D , Attorney and Counsellor at L a w Commissioner o f Loan », Ta r Agent, and Agent for The Merchant** IF ire Ineiirnuce Coui|ia* yeast of public notoriety for very different traits of character. The energetic American makes his en- cacy of the rights of his race since that I terprize thc wonder of men from all .. t < , < . a , .11 Ducks and chickens are becoming plen ty around every farm-house; and the implements of large dairies frequently present themselves from the habitations of thrifty herdsmen. Hundreds of square miles are thus occupied, which, one year since, had not been seen by white men. Whole tribes of savages, which, one year ago, were total strangers to cloth ing, are now arrayed completely in ap parel common to civilized countries; in deed, they have adopted many of the usages of the whites, and appear like a very different race of beings from what they were a short time since. It is, in deed, quite difficult to obtain a good lo cation in the whole valley that is not al ready occupied by something that marks the advancing foot-steps of civilization. But the permanency of this enter- prizing energy of the Americans, is of doubtful duration. Almost every man in the .country designs to occupy a place in the busy crowd for a short time only merely long enough to obtain a few thousand dollars by the most active ex ertion, and then leave the place he fill ed, to be occupied by some other person of like motives. This state ot things will exist as long as the mines are so eagerly sought for. When they fail, agricultural and and commercial enter prize will dwindle until California again becomes the residence of comparatively few, who merely make subsistence, in stead of wealth, the theme of their am bition. Yours truly, E. A. T ompkins . The Vlth Industrial Congress to the People. parts of the world ; while the Sidney of his air, carriage, etc., be feels slight-1 convict ;9 equally marvellous for his ly, at least, the inflating influence of the I don’t find fault to now-a-days iy o f B u f f a lo . C a p i t a l, 8100,000. T h c F a r m e r ’s Insurance Com p a n y o f W a s h in g t o n Co. T h e M u t u a l L i f u In s u r a n c e Com pany New Y o r k , vamiUarly known as ‘-The Morris Robinson | some Js smal|. '’o.” This Company has a net accumulated* this is a feeling we are all liable though, I think, if hon- ?und of o v e r $ 1 ,0 0 0 ) 0 0 0 . OFFICE, North side of Seneca St., near very little business done on the Cayuga. ^ armelse s Drugstore. Geneva, N. Y. 1036 1 feats in robbery and murder. It is sur prising to see the developments of their skill and ingenuity in thieving, and hor rific to learn their daring cruelty in ov- orably acquired, the liability thereto of| ory spocies 0f villainy. The enterprize [be^ormUted to gather\the frult/neither to eat nor exist unless you will gather for both yourselves and us—selecting the fairest and most pleasant and healthful, and far the largest quantity for our use, F klt . ow -C ittzens : The Sixth Indus trial Congress of the United States re spectfully invite your attention to a great measure of Reform, which it deems of vital importance to the welfare of our country. For six years has it appealed to, you, in behalf of the Freedom of the Public Lands, in limited quantities, to actual landless settlers only ; and now their appeal is reviving warm responses from thousands of the just andgeneVons. Scores of representatives in the highest councils'of\ the country have declared the measure just, and dictated by the highest considerations of public policy, A few years since but a single paper a- niong the two thousand of the land raised a note in its behalf; now hundreds are advocating it, and the number is cun- stantantly.increasing. - One of the Land R e i V i u i measure©;— Exemp tion—has now become the policy of nearly half the Confederacy ; and though it will be of little consequence when Land Freedom and Limitation shall be adopted, y et until that time it will be of great importance to the security of wives and children, who have too often fallen into a homeless and comfortless condi tion, through the improvidence of hus bands and fathers. There is not the least doubt but Land Freedom and Limitation will at no dis tant day, become universal throughout the Republic. The indications of its progress in the public mind during the past few years are ample evidence that the doctrines involved in this reform will soon be confessed by every thoughtful person. It is founded in exact justice\— it is not an eleemosynary or charitable measure—it is full of truth,. and invovles some of the Natural Rights of man—the right to a place in which to be and exist on the earth, which was evidently intend ed for the free use of all mankind. But as this measure is yet too gener ally misunderstood and misrepresented, it is proper to give a brief exposition of its principles, its scope and its bearings upon the general welfare. It is proposed to abolish the present Land System by which individuals are permitted to con trol vast sections of the earth for pur poses of speculation, and thus withhold them from the hand of industrious Labor —and to substitute in its stead a system that recognizes all men as equally entitled to a portion of the earth on which to live and toil, and provides for securing a farm to every agricutural family and a town lot of ample size to every other family free of cost What are the rea sons for this change ? 1. The very fact of existence implies the right to a place in which to exist.— Men can live neither in the air, the sea, or in the caverns of the earth—but he must dwell on its surface, and subsist by the application of Labor to the Elements of Nature. But one condition is pre scribed on which an ample supply can be obtained—and that is, the application of Labor to the cultivation of the Earth. In the earliest stage of society, man sub sisted on the spontaneous fruits of the earth, and all it was necessary for him to do was to gather and consume them. Is any thing clearer than that a ll‘had a right freely to pluck and eat f But had the present Land System prevailed in this early period, it would have enabled the strong to say to the weak, you shall not ■ ..... ■— e .i . • . •* he was compelled to subsist 1 The multiplication of wants by the progress of society renders the relation of man to the soil still mor intimate—and the few are enabled by Land Monoply to take advantage of this complexity of society for selfish aggrandizement at the expense of Labor. It requires, therefore, great er care on the part of the Government to secure to each and all their natural right to the elements of Nature. It is now understood to be the object of Gov- ernmenmeDt to secure Human Rights let it do this, and restore the Earth to all who live and labor. 2. The existing Land System should be abolished because it is the foundation of the unjust distribution of the products of Labor—of great wealth on the one hand and greater poverty on the other— of idleness and enervating luxury on the right, with severe toil and privation on the left—of most of the inequality that prevails among the people, and of all servitude, aristocracy, despotism and slavery. The triumph of the strong; over the weak was first obtained by mo nopolizing the land and making them de pendent upon the will of landholders for a place on which to exercise, and enjoy be ing and to produce the necessaries of life* No despotism was ever maintained with out Land Monopoly. When each one produces his own living and controls no more of the earth than his wants demand it is impossible for aristocracy, slavery, servitude or great inequality of any kind to exist. , No man would, wish to em ploy an agricultural laborer, because each would have his own land, and would greatly prefer to work for himself, instead of another at half price. And as to the other classes of laborers, the me chanics, &c., there would be such gener al equality in intelligence, had it not been for Land Monoply,that they would, by co-operation, conduct their own busi ness, employ all machinery for the com mon benefit, and enjoy, in nearly equal amounts, the produce of the establish ment. Had the true Land System been established in this country, at the time our Government was instituted, we should, ere this, have nearly reached this condition—that, in which all Agricultur alists cultivate their own farms, all Me chanics and others, live on their own lots, tinder their own roofs, and employ their own hands. This system must soon be established, for ignorance, vice, crime, servitude, and infirmity, cannot be overcome until natural justice prevails. So soon as it is established, we shall be gin to approximate a truer order ; and I by this means only, .can society he ren-| ovated. This is the rationale of social As lontr as the land is mo- Real estate is tangible, stable property, j not deign to perform the least productive while personal wealth is fleeting—hence, labor the assertion of Sismondi that power-foi- I But some objections are urged against lows the possession of land. Does a Land-Freedom and Limitation. What manufacturing company desire a hundred are they, r nd what force do they bear ? thousand dollars to procure raw materi al and employ hundreds of operatives for speculation ? It must give landed securities. The same may be said of all chartered companies or partnerships. Those who can command the land or ob tain the houses of those who already command it, can get the capital for speculation ; all who cannot command this power must struggle or. without hope of wealth. It follows, therefore, that, if we would give all a fair chance in the world, we must forbid the appropriation of the soil by individuals to a greater extent than their own labor and comfort demand. The land must cease to be the basis of credit and of speculation. The Homestead must be a sacred thing not to be mortgaged. How diies the present operate in widening the prevail 1 It furnishes to the means of commanding the labor of their fellows at half its worth ; and thus those who are most abundantly endowed with sagacity, and could do the most foi* the public good were it not for the temp tations of wealth, are enabled to become the oppressors of hundreds and thou sands. . u ,o Land System ineqalities that the shrewdest progress A. D. HOPPING & CO., of the Americans has covered every Compared with your lake, there is] navigable river of California with steam boats : .indeed, the Pacific coast, from I bathed in its waters last evening,[the mouth of the Columbia River to MANUFACTURERS OF i b m < d <$> m s » A N D W H OLESALE DEALERS JN Painted Pails, Wood and W illow W a r e f B r u s h e s , BASKETS, CORDAGE, &c. (frequent showers 214 WASHINGTON ST., Between Barclay and Vesey Sis. N ew Y o rk# 64m6 and found them comfortable as regards warmth, and most refreshing. The farmers hereabouts are getting in their hay, which is quite heavy.- They have been retarded a little by the Corn looks well,— Valparaiso, daily reverberates- the loud roar of our ocean steamers, passing and re-passing freighted with men and mer chandize from every clime on the.globe, Flourishing: and beautiful cities over- spread territory that ever, one year ago was regarded as a worthless waste. Im- Wheat, pretty well, b u t is undoubtedly The har-l mense trains of pack-mules and freight- Washington Temperance House, GENEVA, N. Y. much injured by the weevil, vesting of the latter is fully commehc-1 wagons are constantly streaming out of O r . I, ... . i* . ?.i_ ed here. in this region. You are perhaps aware taking for yourselves only the refuse of the season ! No one can escape an ac knowledgement of the gross injustice and absurdity of such a Land System— and yet it is the existing System—that which . enables those, who are best able to produce their own living, tp luxuriate and accumulate without labor on their part, and exclusively from the toil of the weaker and more ignorant portion of mankind ! This is the System that pre vails in this age of boasted Freedom, Enlightenment and Justice—the Systeqi of Land Monoply. T h e wants of man O . E D M O N S T O N , Would say to the former patrons of thi* popular House, white under the Direction o f l t o be fonnd, than th o s e of this .COUfity. W m There are some fine farms | those cities, in various directions, with loads of provisions'and merchandize for that there is no better class of farmers] various mines along the western slop* j are more numerous now than they of the Sierra Nevada. Thousands ofj were in the primitive age—and h>s sup^ plies are produced by the cultivation of nn hto WK* t i C».k?it ^ ,S & L Wto t t e S d I Th«y have taken the State Premium for farmers have enclosed mammoth farms, ^ ° — ~ ------ 1 1 and began the successful cultivation of ihV travelling Public. . , _ . . l the best farm> for 2 or 3 years \back rsrriase always retdy at oil the Trains, and j —Qne t^e finest springs in the coun- th, M , l » « > °f 1 the fertile plains along the riv e r s ; and the s o il; is it not as essential that every one should now have Jan l to cultivate as it was, in the first uge,_ that he should nopolised,so Jong must manybe dependent upon monopolists for the labor they per form, the bread they eat, and the breath they breathe. The young poor man must hire himself out in servitude to the cupuoHae-before he can enjoy his na tural right to the eartlv—lie must earn money by slavish toil and rigid economy for years before he can live freely on the earth that is self-evidently common to all—to one as well as another-to each as much as he can use and no more. The poor, the majority, are now com polled to purchase the enjoyment of a natural right-and out of this purchase money spring all large fortunes, all idle ness, all poverty, and nearly all that is wrong in society. This subjection and servitude mast ever follow Land Monopo ly, and no one in this democratic coun try will pretend to say that this servitude of the many to the few, or the few to the many is in accordance with that sys tem of equality and justice established in the moral government of God. By plac ing a price upon that xvhioh the Creator provided equally for all we strike down His whole system of equity, and a false order is established on the ruins of Divine Justice. As long as vacant land bears a price, the pennyless young man must serve a longer or shorter period to pro cure the purchase money. This term increases as the country grows older, be cause land rises in value proportional to the increase of population. The greater the population the greater the number who want homes and of course the high er is their value. 3. As long as Land Monopoly is per mitted there must be some who can never obtain their own houses and must live and die in servitude. If there be land enough in Ohio, for example, for 2,000,000 of farmers, and it is all owned by one million, it follows that one million must be and remain the servants of the other one million—either hired laborers at one hundred dollars per year, or ten-t ants paying one third of all they can pro duce for the privilege of working when God designed they should toil free from such extortion. This is on the supposi tion that Ohio is filled up with inhabit ants, and the example presents but a partial view of the operation of the pres ent Land System. It is true that now a thrifty young man may get himself a farm, after a comparatively short period of servitude, but all cannot, for if they could, monopoly would cease. Could all readily supply themselves there would be little inducement to monopolize land.. It is because so many must ever want, it is because there are always a majority who, robbed of a national right, must of fer their labor to those who can specu late out of it, that one desires such vast farms and so many city lots which he cannot possibly use for his oxvn welfare. It is a sad reflection fur a rich man, that all his wealth comes from the wants of his fellows—that his extra farm.would bo worthless dtd not others suffer. in want of farms—that his house and treas ures would be valueless .were there, pot many of his fellows suffering for what they represent. It follows, therefore, that all cannot own houses until Land Monopoly is abolished. 4. We ask the abolition of-this1 species of monopoly because it is the basis of other species of speculation by which la bor is oppressed. Much of our Bank 'Corporations rest upon the. monopoly of the $qi|. The credit-system itself looks to the land -for its existence in its pres ent shape. Who can get money fpqm a bank vjlhqut giving xea! estate 'security or the names of men who have> mqiippo-t rtf FOZll afitota 3 M,\nAir 1 nn/Ia. But xve are told that this would crip. pie enterprise and diminish the moans of providing labor for the poor. Not so. The poor would have labor enough of their own with no thanks to the specula- . tor. And as for enterprise—it is true that speculating enterprise may be dis couraged—which is a desideratum in so- - o cial progress—but the enterprise of the millions would be stimulated under the light of hope which Land Reform would shed upon them. Those whose enter prising spirit cannot confine itself to the means of living, xvould engage in phi lanthropic labors, and under the inspira tion of their virtue and benevolence how rapidly would mankind rise in excel lence, happiness and nobility ! * 5. In the fifth place—and more par ticularly of the Public Domain—it is grossly unjust for speculators tp take up the best portions of the Western lands, and, while reposing at the East on rose wood couches, enjoying all that wealth can command, profit out of the hard la bor of the long suffering pioneer in a wilderness of privation. There is scarce ly anything in the whole catalogue of crime that seems to us more wicked than this. A spirited man who wishes to mend his fortune hy moving from a State where monopoly throws so deep a dis couragement over the prospect of labor, takes liis family, bids adieu to civiliza- | tion, and-after a long, and tedious jour- ney, penetrates the depths of the wild erness. , Surely, .he ought to have ihe Best unoccupied lot he can mid ; but lo, it is held by an Eastern lounger, who nightly revels in wine and gayety. He must accept an inferior lot or go still further; at all events he mustsetllc down at so great a distance from others, and be so hemmed in by monopolies that he can enjoy no social pleasures, nor his children the’advantages of a school ! Is murder worse than this ? So, children growing up in ignorance become murderers ! The pioneers clear up the poorer lots left to them, arid the land speculator profits by their toil without doing aught else than impeding their prosperity. How long will the laboreis of this country remain ignorant ot this system of plunder f wide • m s . o , - - - 1L w n o . ill mw “ft -• — ■’ - «“ v>« are overspread with\ Uirge j have free access to the fruits on which 6. The prosperity of the Western country demands the Freedom of the Public Lands to actual settlers only.— No one need be told that the monopoly of land in any country impedes its pros perity. Every new State has deeply felt the injury. Thousands of pioneers who would gladly settle in the neighbor hood of others, pass by because the va cant land is held by non-residents who: are awaiting the rise of its value by the improvements of the country. Many townships and counties in every W est ern State, if not the whole Union, are. yet in a backward condition, as compared with other counties, because the land is monopolized. If we would look fur the greatest prosperity we must find it where the soil is, most equally divided among the people. Land Monopoly is also a curse to the State in impeding Internal Improvements. Canals and Railroads cannot be construc ted by a sparse population. But under the Land Reform. System, the tide of population would advance gradually westward as the good land is all taken up. Every settler would be in good society frim the first and Canals and Railroads would be carried along with the settlement of the country. Thus every settler would have a good market from the first, and not, as now, be com pelled to wait for years for an opening with the great marts of the world. To' mitigate this evil, the Western Slates havegone to the verge of bankruptcy in constructing nteinal improvements. A burden of about 810*0,000,000 rests up on the West, in the shape of State debts contracted partially to afford a market to the produce of the farm and the shop, but chiefly for the benefit of Land mon opolists, the value of whose unjust pos sessions has been enhanced thereby.— Under the true Land system the people could have made their own improvements at far less expense, without even so much as a.charter from the State ; but lies o f real estate ? W hat mbiiev-lender does not take a mortgage qp so.pe /arm, or city lot for pvory hundred dollars that oes from haod t* ttye borrower - . , * ....... now they are under an annual contribu- . * tion to capital, in the shape of interest that is levied upon them. Behold how monopoly doubles and quadruples its power of extoring from Labor ! lrr thy iirst place it takes the land, and a part of the labor of the people goes into its value to be absorbed b-y^ihe rich.; In the second _pl9.ee,. the State makes In ternal Improvements, which greatly raise the value of monopolies; rind iri third place, the monopolists lend . the money they make out of labor to the State for Canals and Railroads, and.draw interest upon it from ihejahp.r of the very per sons whose lojl produced it ! Let these things be carefully considered. We have got about 1,400,OOO.tfOO acres of Fiihlid Domain, and the quewiton »*• Whether these acres shell belong to lie hard hands that work,.or--be plunderd by delicate# glove-invested figures thft will 1. Why may not land be made the subject of monapoly as well as personal property ] Because land is not the pro duct of human labor. Personal property cannot be produced without the instru mentality of toil. In the first instance, labor Is employed on the land to produce the raw material ; and in the second, it is expended in the shop to prepare it for use. The products of the various kinds of labor are personal property. Land is wholly independent of human agencies for its extence. The political econo mists found the right of property solely upon labor ; and when they come to the land they tell us that the labor of man applied to the soil founds a light of pro perty in it. We take this as the truth, and say that whatsoever land a man im proves with his own labor shall be his, but he shall not claim title to that which he cannot improve without the labor of others. There is, accordingly a wide difference between properly in land and in movea ble goods. When the monopoly of the former shall cease, there will be little or no danger of the monopoly of the latter to such an extent as to disturb the gen eral welfare. Let justice be done in re spect to the soil, and each will be wel come to possess all he can produce by his own labor. All we ask, therefore, is, that one man shall not profit at another’s expense. But under the present unjust Land system, the harmony which God designed between man and the earth, as well as between man and man, is de stroyed ; a,few live in splendor at an expense of thousands beyond any one’s right, and often add thousands annually to their wealth besides; and many are consequently driven to the other ex treme, and forced to deny themselves every comfoit though they perform the greatest amount of hard labor. Iiow rank is the injustice of this ! Who has not reason enough to perceive it, and heart enough to desire a change in the o 0 unnatural system that occasions most of of the ills of.society. 2. The second objection is that land is cheap at the West—only one dollar and a quarter an acre—and all can have farms if they desire. Let the objector listen. If it is mv natural riiiht to have w O a farm, if a farmer, or a town lot, if a mechanic, as has been clearly proved, they insult me by asking u price for that which God most manifestly gave unto me. Thii objection is nothing ; for the whole question is one of natural justice, which, if decided one way, Land Re form must prevail, but if the other, it I have a legal right lo my time on arriving at twenty-one—why may not mv father ask me one. hundred .dollars for my liberty, while l have not a cent to pay f It will not work. But look at the effect after a territory becomes settled. Wild land commands ten dollars per acre and the price rises as the country fills up. What then is the poor young man to do ? Let us keep lu view the time when the whole coun try shall become settled, as that time is coming, and it is far easier to put the truthful system into practice now than it will be then. A day of extreme wealth on the one hand and of extreme pover ty and distress on the one hand and of extreme poverty and distress on the other is coming in this country, if we do not change our Land System. Liberty, Equality, and Democracy will be but empty sounds if we do not in season lay the basis of real Freedom, Our fathers did not make all the progress that is necessary—there is something for us to do. 3. A third objection is that x*ery few would lake advantage of Land Freedom were it carried into effect. Here again the objector leaves the real issue, and as serts what he has no right to assert. If but one in ten or a hundred will be free men, is it any proof that all have n*>t 0 right to be free ? So of the land. But how can we satisfy ourselves that nene will take that which rightfully belongs to them, and without which they cannot live except in servitude / W hat pre sumption is this in the objector! Be cause some will not enjoy what belongs to them he would snatch the right for ever from thc reach of every one. The objector would look as well stealing a watch from a jeweler, and justifying the theft by saying that he could never sell it, and never would if he could. Absurdi ty after absurdity attends the enemy of Progress. 4. Again it is objected that the Pub lic Lands belong to all the Slates, hav ing been acquired by the blood and trea sure of the fathers of the Confederacy, and it would be unjust lo permt their settlement without price. Even grant ing that they are the property nftho Na tion, cannot the Nation give them away as justly os nn individual can make a deed of gift/ But our fundamental n principles are true, the Public Lands do not belong to any power under heaven but that of Labor, and every one .who wishes lo toil, upon laud not actually cultivated by another, has the right to do so by nature, and it is the province of the United States to guarantee the en joyment of natural rights. 5. It is said that ^he Public Domain should pay the expense of its purchase and sui vey Take notice, all ye who make this objection to Land Freedom, that it will save ten fold this expense in crime and pauperism, to say nothing of the human misery it will prevent.—- Were economy consulted, the lands would soon be free. Besides, every in dependent farmer and mechanic, made \such by this reform, is an addition lathe number of tax-payers, and the large ac cession in this respect will more than compensate for all the Domain has cost. 6. Another objection is, that Land Reform will cripple'enterprise and de stroy industry. Not so. It will greatly stimulate ull true individual-elevating, and .public-benefiting enterprises, and awaken an industry in the millions that is enjoyable. Ji will pul nn end to mad avarice, that ruin* *«> many prom ising yveogrmen, and destroys that b o d y -break ing, .soul-killing industry that only ob tains a starving rew ard. All having land that they can tall thei little empire on which they can sway the scepter of their individual kingships, will feel themselves of some importance in the world—will be strengthened by a manly sentiment, and virtue will flourish on millions of Homesteads which would otherwise be the abode of filth, dullness, indolence and vice. • / xve Put away with these objections spend too much breath upon them. Thu very notice of such absurd shifts to avoid a glorious truth dims the glory of that bn larged policy ofwisdom and benev olence which looks to the emancipation and elevation of all mankind by restore ing them to the earth which is, like free-' lom, the birthright of all men. What, then, shall he done? Lam| Reformers, who have fought in this great moral battle for years, arc you' not yet fresh with enthusiasm for the good of your fellnxvs, and yet full of youthful «1 < vigor to advance the good cause 1 Ami , . r you who see the crying demand for a change in our Land system, wilt you not come to the work and carry it for ward in triumph ? Now is the day and now is the hour. It must bo done by voting such men in ns wijl.ynte out un just laws. Tins question transcends all party considerations. It affords the vo ter an opportunity ta vote for principle instead of spoils—lo vote for the good of all the people instead of tho elevation of aspirants to office,. We leave the question with the pen pie. It will be 'carried out at nn distant day’, and we might as well all come up to it at once, ns happiness will the^oon- er dawn upon those whom the groat truth will bless. The laborers should vote for Land Rt forin, because It will secure to labor its rights; thc rich should vote for it, because it will advance the welfare of all the people,, rich and poor, and promote the glory of our. country; the clergy should advocate it. because it proposes to restore the divine decrrics respecting the earth, that have So long been .trampled under foot by monopoly! All classes should shout for Land Rcr form for it is full of life and love, and liberty to all. Let the friends of the measure every where organize at once and begin tho battle. It can he carried into tho next National Adminisiration, provided vve do our duty. Speak, write, print, and circulate the documents Fill (he whole land with olive leox*es of peace to the desponding, plenty to the destitute, vir tue to the vicious, and gladness unto all. L. O U ink , of Cinciimaii, . J N. W. Bitow.v, of Phil idelphia, > C o m m ille . nos; of New York, y % • v 1 * ; •1 H. D. B arron The jug is a most singular uten- siL A pail, tumbler or decanter can be rinsed, and you may satisfy yourself tfy optical proof that it is clean ; but the : has a little hole in the top, and the in terior is all darkness. No eye peiuitretek it—no hand moves over the surface.-*** You can clean it only by putting in water, shaking it up and pouring it out. If the water comes out clean, you judge you have succeeded in cleaning the jug, and vice versa . Hence the jug is like the human heart. No mortal eye can look into its recesses, and you can judge only of its purity, by what comes opt of it. -1 ■v. t-*.. _>*■ P rejudices of the P eopi . r ,—Under this head Mr. Webster, in his speech at Buffalo, includes the Trial by Jury, , “ I was in Congress when the buy vvafl1. proposed* I was for a proper law ; t had, indeed, proposed a different law'.^r .<*•' I was of opinion that a ^ummary trial by a jury might be had, which would eaiisty_.tr the prejudices o f the people, but I left the Senate and went to another stations before the law was passed.’’ ;\ 7. v V F or L ib e r ia .— A com p a n y o f seventy**' m five Colored men- are about to sail for Liberia from Baltimore, They are said to be among the most respectable and influential of their ckss. A grand sim per is to be given them by the colgrctl people, previous to. their departure. .* V fr PniRtiL’c o f iho Canal Bill* > The Bi% which \provides for the \speedy Enlargement of the Eric Canal and the com- pjp.tipn of the Black, Kiver and the Genesee Valley Canals, passed the Assembly ycaier* day, by a vote of 81 to 36, This Bid passed the Assembly last winter but was, on the eve of its passage in the Senate, arrested by the Revolutionary Resig nation of Twelve Senators. This rendered a Special Election and an Extra Svssion of tire Legislature indispensable.^ r, ^ In repudiating Seven of tbe Twelve Fugi tive Senators, theTfcorr.K gave theiv Verdict in favor of the Canal -Enlargement Bill, Tin? responded to that Verdict.-- !>lv, re iterating' iheif Vote'Of present Se.nate And the Assembly, the last Session,\has glveh effect to tiro 'pub lic sentiment, , - Thc Slate of New York will, therefor^, have an Enlarged Canal within four years. And with Ihe advantages and _facililie» which ihe nohelest inland communication_lhaij!he world ever saw, our Slate is certain to attain a position, in prosperity and wenhh;. that should awaken the gratitude of ourowii Fee* pie, while it excites the admiration of other States and Nations. Thc friends of the Canal Enlargement Bilf in the Legislature, di-scrye all .the praise for their devotion ami fidelity. To thc Hon. Mr. Burroughs of Orleans, with wligni the plan of enlargement originated, and to the Hon. O. Allen, of Buffalo, who, as Chairman of the Canal Committe, introduced the Bill, and gax*e himself up, vigilantly and absorb' ingly, through every step of its progress to Us final passage; a»d to the proverbial watch fulness and efficiency of Hon, Mr.iUpbiun i 1 Chairman of the Canal Committee of Jhfi.&j* ate.'too milch honor cannot be a^ar fed.*— 11 Many other Members might he named 'who have done yeoman's service!/ for tiro Canal and who will, as ibey shbuld, be chcnShet) amf rewarded by their coriMftueiiU/ ffif Tn> achieving this greatest possible blessing; w the way of Improvement* upon the Comino,iv wealth .—Alb. Eveiijpg Journal. il, 1 * -*r r. * (Or The. following toast was g i v e n a t b of July dinner in Lowell, w jtere the factory girls Appeared in Blooroer co^tirnrC: J* The Lowell Factory Operatives' in Bloomer Costume—TVas Sotomefn in 5 glory arrayed like one pf them . ror tup’ they dress like the E d itor o f the- Ltiy, yet the y arc not lilies, for they both toil ah',i spin l '•4 » r own A \merry bachelor says that wives who are good needle-women, are liko the enemv ,i.okon o f in the parable—they f / w h ile the hut,band-racn sleep. ^ * * \ ^ tes f
