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GENEVA COURIER, PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY MORNING N o . 39 Seneca S treet, U p -S talre, BY CLEVELAND & LOOK. T E R M S : T o village subscrib e r s w h o receiv e th e pa- pers by the c a r r i e r , $ 2 ,00. T o m a il subscribers, end those w h o receiv e th e i r papers at th e office, $1,50. F ifty c e n t s w ill be added in all cases w h e r e p a y m e n t is not m a d e w ithin three m o n ths. N o papers w ill be discontinued en til arrearages are paid. CLEVELAND & LOOK, Proprietors. 13 ? j H © W ( & I I 2 iy?S> ® F ’S P © ° jD J i .!£, & C. CLEVELAND, Editor. VOL. XXI—NO. 28. GENEVA, N. Y., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE 18, 1851 WHOLE NO. 1068 BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, F r o m th e Cayuga Chief. SENECA. 11 It is certainly the croup,” I said, jthan I am, to make the best of the r situ AND P U B L I S H E R S O F T H E G E N E V A C O U R I E R X». 39, SEJVECA STREET . S . C, CLEVELAND. ___________ J. B. L O O K DR. H. W. BELL O F F I C E A N D R E S I D E N C E O h M a in S t . , One Poor North o f his Old Residence , AHD OPPOSITE T H E REFORMED DUTCH CH U RCH 63 DIETZ, BROTH ER dt CO. 134 W I L L I A M S T R E E T , N e w Y o r k . M a n u f a c t u r e r s o f e v e r y v a r i e t y o f T ram p s, C h a n d e liers, G iran d o les, C a n d e lab r a ) G A S FIXTURES, &C. A p ril, 1851. 5Sm6 . >1 SILSBE, BULKLEY & BENNETT, M a n u f a c t u r e r s of, a n d W h o l e s a l e a n d R e t a i l D e a l e r s in CABINET WARE AND FURNITURE W a r e R o o m s —41 S e n e c a s t,5 _ _______________ GENEVA, N. Y. ___________ 5 0 M ISS H E L E N M. C R A N E , IN S T R U C T R E S S O N T H E P I A N O F O R T E , Genera Geneva, N. Y. 104lyl (X S, ACKLEY, ~ S E N E C A S T R E E T . _________________ QEW EVA, N. Y- __________ 1037 S U P E R IO R C H A IN PU M P , M anufactured and sold , w holesale and RETAIL, BY D. M A B I E , O p p o s ite t h e T e m p e r a n c e H o u s e , C A S T L E STG ENEVA, N. Y . 44y D . t 7 c l e v e l a n d ^ F i r e , M a r in e , L ife, a n d H e a l t h INSURANCE A G E N T . ( office at the courier office , south side _____ SENECA STREET, NO. 39, UP STAIRS.) D lt. J. S. S T E V E N S , Office w ith D r , E . Barnes, E a s tsid e P a r k Place, M a in S t r e e t . R e s idence, M ain S treet, 2nd d o o r above t h e _______ P o s t Office. - D . O. C R A N E , M . D ., S u rgeon D e n tist,— Office N o . 29, Seneca stre e t. D R. VVM. K 1 M B ER , 9 Physician and S u r g e o n — Office, five doors north _ ______________of the dank ________________ 48 G E O . P. MO W R Y , D e a ler in D r u g s , M edicines, e t c - , N e . 1 0 ,S e n eca stre e t. BY W . H. BRISTOL. S weet L ake ! U p o n th y silver bosom I A m sw iftly floating, and the rippling voice O f t h y b r i g h t w a v e s , b r e a t h e s in m y e a r Like the soft strains of sylvian birds. ’T i s here T h e q u i e t su n b e a m s fall, and l a u g h i n g airs W i t h w a r y lip s k iss th y re p o s i n g w a ters. A r o u n d , th e g r e e n h i l l s h a n g su s p e n d e d in T h e a z u r e sk ies, fro m w h i c h c a p r i c i o u s S p r i n g S te p s d o w n to b a t h e h e r je w e l e d feet. H e r e tdo, T h e sn o w y g u ll h a n g s ou a w i n g o f e t h e r , T o v iew h i m s e l f and h e a v e n m i n g l e d in one. A b o v e , th e m u ffled clouds s t r e t c h fur a w a y L i k e s u n s e t d r a w i n g ro u n d th e rosy c o u c h O f d y i n g day. T h e r e is n cnlm as soft A n d sw e e t as th e still h o u r o f d r e a m s , an d yet A m u r m u r floats a r o u n d o f a so n g , M e t h i n k s 'a n a n g e l sings. I know th e r e is, T h e r e is a sometime ro u n d m e s t e n l i n g , for I feel A th r i l l o f p l e a s u r e th a t d o t h g e n t l y s t i r T h e v e r y blood w i t h i n m y h e a r t . S p i r i t s A r e nowf d e s c e n d i n g from th e sk y to p l a n t T h e v e r g in e a r t h w i t h flow e rs ; and ’tis, m e - th i n k s . T h e i r voice o f s o n g I h e a r , as th e y go fo r th U n t o th e i r h e a v e n l y toil. I k n o w m e not — I f this be e a r t h — w h a t h e a v e n can b e ; for b o th A r e b l e n d i n g lik e th e a i r an d frag r a n c e th a t J u s t stay to bless th e flow e rs and a r e g o n e . I lo v e th e e , a z u r e lak e ! I love t h e h u s h T h a t slu m b e r s o ’e r t h e e , d e e p , an d 3 e t in s p ired , A s w h e n th e fearless In d ian sp a n n e d th e w a v e O r poised his lig h t canoe on e i t h e r sh o r e . O n e lesson te a c h m e , lo v e ly S e n e c a — ‘T h a t I m a y k n o w h o w G o d is sm i l i n g h e r e . ” S teamer B en L oder , > S e n e c a L a k e , A p r i l 2 7 t h , 1851. > From Ihe New York Sunday Times. THE MECHANIC’S HOME. A . D‘. P L A T T W h o lesale and retail dealer in D rugs, G r o c e ries, Paints and Dyes, No. 8 Seneca stre e t . H. P A R M E L K E , D e a ler in D r u g s , M e h c in e s , P a ints, O ils, Dve Stuffs and G roceries, No. 24, Seneca st. 57 W H E A T , D e a ler in Fancy &, Staple D ry G o o d s , N o . 3G ____________ Seneca stre e t , G e n e v a . COBB &, S M I T H , D ealers in Fancy and Staple Dry G o o d s, C a r p e t- _ ing, etc.— s to r e at No 23, Seneca stre e t. H. II. & G. C. S E E L Y E , F a s h ionable D ry Goods, No 33. Senpca qt.rpot V R O M A N B E C K E R , D e a ler in D ry Goods, G roceries. C rockery, Glass end W o o d e n W a re, C u tlery , N a ils, etc.— W a ter, a little south of T illm a n street. ~ P . A. B R IT T O N & C O ., ~ D e a ler in S taple and Fancy Goods, G r o c e r ies. e t c . , «t «No 16, Seneca stre e t . D E R B Y , O R T O N & CO., B o o k sellers, Stationers, B o o k b inders, e t c ., N 22 Seneca street. W I L L I A M H. S M I T H , Bookseller, S tationer, Blank Book M a n u facturer and B inder, No. 31 Seneca street. ___________ 4 W I G H T & C L A R K , Fashionable H a t S tore, N o 11, Seneca street. J . R. JO H N S T O N , M a n u f a c tu r e r of S team E n g in e s , B o ilers, M il G e a rings, e t c ., a t th e S e n e c a L a k e F o u n d r y W a t e r stre e t , G e n e v a . ___________________4 E D G A R H. HURD, A tto r n e y a n d C o u n s e llo r a t L a w Commissioner o f Loans , Tax Agent, and A g ent for T h e Itte r c h n n V s F i r e I n s i t r n n c e C o m p n - i f « f B u f f a l o , C a p i t a l , $ 1 0 0 , 0 9 0 . T h e F a r m e r ’s I n s u r a n c e C o m p a n y o f W a s h i n g t o n C o . T h e M u t u a l L i f e I n s u r a n c e C o m p a n y » f N e w Y o r k , •am iliarly know n as ‘-T h e M o r r is R o b inson Co ” T h is C o m p a n y has a n e t accum u lated fu n d of o v e r $1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , O F F I C E , N o r th side of S e n e c a S t., near ^ a r m e l k e ’ s D rug Store. G eneva, N. Y. 1036 wears o r * —- I am A CARD. DOCT. LOUIS DE V. WILDER, H o m eopathic Physician Os Surgeon, O F F I C E at J. M . P A G E ’S, N o . 7, Seneca s t.— R e sidence, c o r n e r ol P u l t n e / & W illiam sts. G e n e v a , M ay 1st. 1950, __________ 1009m3pd A. D. HOPPING & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF m IB (8) <3> SR 0 6 AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN P a i n t e d P a i l s , W o o d a n d W illo w W a r e ? B ruslieS) BASKETS, CORDAGE, &.C. 214 W A S H I N G T O N ST ., Between Barclay and Vesey Sts. Ke w Y o r k . __________________ Washington Temperance House, G E N E V A , N. Y . . . 4< ' -* 'J ' r <■ ; . . I write this simple narrative of the life of a New York mechanic, as an experi ment. It seems to me that it may be in teresting and useful ; but I may be mis taken in both. An author has the same partiality for his works that a parent has fur his children ; his babes are all beau ties, and his geese all swans. Still, when 1 read in print what J have written — when my child is dressed up in other clothes — I think I can look at it with more im partiality. Will the reader take this lit tle sketch on trust, and leave me lime to decide whether I shall write another t As an editor, my whole life was one nf communion with the people. I read for them, studied for them,wrote for them. Still, we had but little personal ac quaintance. it was like two persons netting acquainted by writing letters.— True, l mixed with them us often as I had the opportuni'y, 1 met them at places of amusement, at balls, and public meetings, and dinners, and1 celebrations, and festivities of all sorts. But the world has other faces than those i nviiUHYS, Hurr nn,>iV “ ' j r - ' sion gives me a chance of seeing, farming a personal acquaintance with society. I see men in their hours of deepest sorrow as well as liveliest joy. 1 study humanity in all its development from the structure o f a bone to the cause and effect of a moral emotion. It seems to me that,without violating a single pro priety, 1 may make this observation of use, in those hours of leisure when 1 re sort to the pen, with something of the same feeling as actuated the worthy tal low-chandler, who, in selling out his busi ness, in which he had grown very rich, stipulated that he should have the privi lege of coming into town and ' assisting on melting-days. Well, 1 shall try. If I fail, the effort need not be repeated. If I succeed to my ownsatisfaction — for how can I judge of yours?—I shall have opened a new placer in this newspaper California, in which I am digging, that others may have whatever precious metal comes to the light. But to my story. One evening, in the early part of the winter, the door-bell rang with energy, and ihe servant announced a man who wished to see me. A 44 man” is one thing, with a servant, 44 gentleman” another, a 46 person” something differ ent from either. The man stood in the hall, but I wondered why he had not been called a gentleman. I was puzzled where to place him myself. His dress was very neat,but plain,and rather coarse. His linen, that badge of refinement, was white, in peifect order, and almost ele gant. Every thing about him seemed substantial ; but nothing gave a clue to his position ir. life. In all outward seem ing, he was simply a man. When he spoke to me, Ins address was simple,clear, direct, and with a certain air of self-re liance, the furthest possible from a vulgar bluster. ‘‘ Doctor,” he said, 41 I wish you to come and see my child. W e fear he is threatened with croup.” 1 put on my hat and prepared to ac company him ; lor if the case were as he supposed there was no time to lose. In this disease a single hour may make a life's difference. In a moment we were in the street “ and a pretty violent attack. How long is it since you thought him sick ?” 44 Not above an hour,” was the calm reply. It was made calm by a firm self- control. I looked at the mother. She was very pale, but did not trust herself to speak. ” Then there is probably but litile danger,” I said ; 41 but we have some thing to do. Have you the water here?” The husband went to what seemed a closet, opened two doors, and disclosed a neat pine bathing-tub, supplied with the Croton. This was beyond my hopes*, but I had no time to wonder. The little fellow was in a high fever, and laboring for every breath-. Taking him from his little crib, where he lay upon a nice hair mattress, fit for a prince to sleep on, I took off his clean night-clothes, stood him in the hath tub, and made his father pour full upon his neck and chest three pails of cold water, while I rubbed them briskly with my hand. He was then wiped dry, and rubbed until his whole body was glowing like aflame. Then I wrung a large towel out of cold water and pul it round his throat, and then wrapped him up in blankets. The brave little fellow had borne it all without a complaint, as if he understood that under his father’s eye no harm could come to him. In fifteen minutes after he was wrapped in the blankets he was in a pro fuse perspiration, in a sound slumber, and breathing freely. The danger was over—so rapid is this disease, and so easily cured. Happiness had shed a serene light upon the countenance of the father, and thrown over the mother’s face a glow of beauty. I looked upon them, and was more than ever puzzled where to place them. There was no marks of high birth or superior breeding not a shadow of decayed gentility a- bout them. It was rather the reverse, as if they were working up from a low rank of life to a higher. ation. I took a chair, which he handed me. We were seated, and his wife, after go ing to listen a moment to the soft and measured breathiugs of little Willie, sat down to her sewing. 44 My name,” he said, 44 is William Carter. My farther died when I was young, and I was bound out an appren tice to a shoemaker, with the usual pro vision ot schooling. I did as well as boys do generally at schol; and as I was very fond of reading, I made the most of my spare time and the advantages of the Apprentices’ Library. Probably the books that helped me most were the sen sible writings of William Cobbett. Fol lowing his example, I determined to give myself a useful education, and I have to some extent succe.led. But a man's education is a life-long process ; and the more I learn, the more [ see be fore me. 441 was hardly out of my time when I fell in love with my Mary there, whom some people think very pretty, but whom I know to be very good.” Mary looked up with such a bright, rest down town, by the box or barrel, where l can get best and cheapest. Making wheat—eaten as mush or bread, md all made coarse, without boiling and potatoes, or hominy , or rice ; the staple, you can easily see that a dollar a week for provisions is not only ample, but allows of a healthy, and even luxur ious variety. For the rest, wo eat greens, vegetables, fruit, and berries in their sea son In the summer we have strawber ries, and peaches, as soon as they are ripe and good. Mary will get up a dinner from these materials at a cost of a shiling better than the whole bill-of- fare at the Astor.” I was satisfied. Here was comfort, intelligence, taste and modest luxury,all enjoyed by a humble mechanic, who knew how to live at the cost I have mentioned How much useless complaining might be saved—how mach genuine happiness be enjoyed—how much evil, and suffering might be prevented, if alt the working- men in New York were as wise as W il liam Carter. I never shook a man or woman by the hand with more hearty respect that when l said “ Good night,” to this happy lovingsmile.jas to fully justify some peo- couple, who, in this expensive city, are pie in their notion. living in luxury and growing rich on 41 When I had been one year a jour- eight dollars a week, and making ihe and I thought it O . E D M O N S T O N , W o u ld say to th e form e r patrons of thi* p o p u l a r Hotis*, w h ile u n d e r th e D irection of W M . L- P ea r c e , t h a t no pains will be spared on his part* to m ake it agreeable to them , and a n d w a l k i n g b r i s k l y u p o n e o f o u r b r o a d I looked around the room. It was the bed-room. Every thing in it was perfectly neat and orderly. Tho bed, like the crib, was excellent, but not costly. The white counterpant did not cost more than ten shillings—yet how beautiful it looked! The white win dow-curtains were shilling muslin; but their folds hung as richly as if they were damask—and how very appropri ate they seemed ! The bath, with its snug folding doors, 1 knew, had not cost, plumber's bill and all, more than ten dollars. The toilet-table, of an el egant form, and completely covered, 1 had doubt was with pane, and cost a half dollar. The pictures on the wall were beautifully-tinted lith ographs—better, far better, than oil paintings 1 .*ve seen in the houses of millionaires ; yot they can be bought at Goupil’s, or YVilliams & Steven,” for three to five shillings, and a dollar a- iece had framed_them. .. The floor had thing, with its small, neat figure, and a light chamber color. It was a jewel of a room, in as perfect keeping in all its parts as if an artist had designed it. Leaving the little boy to his untroubl ed sleep, and giving directions for his bath on his waking, we went into the other room, which was differently, but just as neatly arranged It might have answered for a parlor, only it had a cook ing-stove, or an artist’s studiy, or a din ing-room. It was hung with pictures— heads, historical pieces, and landscapes ; all such as a man of taste could select, and buy cheap ; but which like good books, are invaluable. And speaking of books, there was a hanging library on one side of the chimney, which a single glance assured me contained the very choicest treasures of the English tongue. The man wont to a bureau, opened a drawer, and took out some money. 14 W hat is your fee, Doctor?” he asked, holding the bills so as to select one to pay me. Now, I had made up my mind, before I had got half way up the stairs, that 1 might have to wait for my pay—perhaps never get i t ; but all this had changed. I could not, as I often do, inquire into the circumstances of the man, and gradu ate my price accordingly. There he stood ready to pay me, with money e- nough ; yet it was evident that he was a working man, and far from wealthy. I had nothing left but to name the lowest fee. 46 One dollar does not seem enough,” said he. 44 You have saved my child’s life, and have been at more trouble than to merely write a prescription.” 44 Do you work for your living ?” I asked hoping to solve the mystery. He smiled and held out his hand, which showed the unqestionable marks of honest toil. 14 You are a mechanic'!” I said, will ing to know more of him. o 14 Take that,” he said, placing a t wo- dollar note in my hand, with a not-to-be- refused air, “ and I will gratify your curiosty ; for there is no use in pretend ing that you are not a litile curious.” neyman, and laid up a few dollars (for I had a strong motive to he saving,) we were married. I boarded at her father's and she bound shoes for tho shop where l worked. We lived a few weeks at her home ; but it was not our home— the home we wanted—so we determined to set up housekeeping. It was rather a small set up, but we made it answer. I spent a week in house hunting. Some were too dear, some too shabby. At last l fonud this place. It was new and clean, high and airy, would do. I got it for fifty dollars a year—and though the rents all round advanced, our landlord is satisfied with that, or takes it in preference to risking a worse tenant. The place was naked enough, and wo had little to put in it save ourselves ; but we went cheerfully to work, earned all we could, saved all we could—and you see the result.” 44 I see ; but l confess I do not under stand it,” said I, willing to hear him ex plain the economies of this modest and beautiful home. 14 Well, it is simple enough. When Mary and I moved ourselves here at.d took possession, with a table, two chairs, a cooking-stove, a saucepan or two, and a cot bed with a straw mattress, the first thing we did was to hold a coucil-of- war. 44 Now, Mary, my love,” said I, 44 here we are. We have next to noth- ing, and we have every thing to get, and bench of a shoemaker a chair of practi cal philosophy. \ Reader, if you are inclined to profit by this little narrative, I need not write put any other moral, than the injuction of Scripture, 4t Go and do likewise.” GOVERNOR'S Ftfllow-Uitizens of Ihe Senate and of (lie Assembly : The abrupt termination of the recent annual session of the Legislature, im posed upon me the responsibility of con vening the two Houses in extra session, and of ordering special elections to fill the vacancies created by the resignation 1nage of members. While 1 felt reluctant to burthen the treasury with an extraordinary expendi ture, and to subject you to the incon venience of re-assembling at the Capital at this unusual season, the condition of the public business at the time of your adjournment in April, was such as to render further legislation indispensable to the ordinary administration of the Government; and in this posture of affairs, a sense of duty constrained me to act with promptness in adopting the only mode of proceeding which seemed adequate to the occasion. The annual appropriation hill and many general measures affecting the public welfare, which were left unfinish- irihuted so largely to the welfare and | the ordinary expenditures of the Stale, happiness of a whole community. Every so as to relieve the people from taxation interest in the commonwealth has felt 1 for the support of government- Then, its vivifying influence. The towns and free from debt, with a revenue from .its cives which it has created ; the unparal- ; public improvements without example leled prosperity of our principal empori- 'in the. history ot governments, the State um ; the giant strides of Western N. Y. j will have an inexhausiable fund fur the in wealth and improvement; and, above f support of education, the encouragement ajl, the commercial supremacy of the of art and the relief of the unfortunate, State, may be pointed to with honest * without the inteiveniion o f aasessors anil pride by all our citizens, as enduring memorials of the wisdom which conceiv ed, and the engergy which consumma ted the noble design of opening a water communication to unite the Lakes with the Atlantic. It would not be difficult to demonstrate that the Erie Canal has added more than three hundred millions in value to the property of our people.- hs effects upon the public treasury are no less striking and satisfactory. Its revenues, after paying the cost of its or iginal construction, are vapidly reducing j the debt encurred in its enlargement, and in aid of other improvements. That 1 lie eaily completion of a channel which has yielded these beneficent results, would injure tho State or endanger its liberties, is an apprehension condemned by experience, disowned by reason, and only to be r< garded as the dismal phan tasy of a sombre and distempered imngi* nation, rejecting all grateful memories of the past and disdaining all generous hopes of the future. It is now fifteen years since the work of enlargement was commenced. The main purpose of the undertaking was to create a channel with sufficient capacity for boats of 150 tons burthen, by which producers and consumers will be relieved from about one-halfthe present cost (ex cluding tolls) of canal transportation.— Towards the accomplishment of this de sign wo have expended over sixteen millions of dollars. Nearly all the ex pensive structures have been completed for the passage of boats of heavy ton ; but this avails nothing towards the definite object of the improvement, until the last mile ofexcavation is finish ed. At the present rate of progress, from ten to fifteen years will be required to perfect the work. This tardy opera tion requires a full organization of officers and engineers, and is attended with a large increase of expense, and a heavy loss of interest. In this condition of things the real if not the only question presented is, whether a work of such vast importance, admitted by all to be necessary, and upon which so much has been done, shall be procrastinated from year to year until a generation shall have disappeared, and many of the benefits of the improvement have been surrender ed to competing avenues of trade: or TERM S OF ADVERTISING. »« 11 «« M One square win tvecU, * 41 three 11 “ three months * six one year Halfcolmnn one rear One •• *. «« «* eo,5o t.00 3.00 5.00 8.00 25 00 40,00 B u a inessC a rdsinserted one year 5,00 No advertisement will he charged less than one square, anr! all advertisem ents w ill be con tinued until otherwise ordered N. B. All advertisements m u s t be brought in by Tuesday morning in o r d e r to secure an insertion the some week. tax-gatherers. In surveying the financial condition and prospects of the State, it is impor tant to nbsetve, that after completing the canals already in existence, no fur ther improvements which can create a burthen upon the people will remain to be accomplished by the Legislature. No new canals are proposed. The aid of the Statefor construction of railroads is no longer needed or solicited. Thus we preceive that after perfecting what has been commenced, there will be neither necessity or excuse for new enterprise* at the cost of the Treasury, beyond the judicious application of the ample reve nues which the canals, whenreleused from all incumbrance, will place at the disposal of our successors. Whether the State continues to pos sess those sovereign powers and facul ties which are necessary \to expedite the completion of the canals, without Iran sending the limitations of the Constitu tion, is a question which demands your enlightened consideration. Assuming the necessity fur action to be established, you are colled upon to determine in wlnt manner the object shall be attained. In communicating my views at the commencement of the annual session, 1 deemed it most becoming and respect ful to submit this question to the supe rior wisdom of the Legislature; enter taining on my part an earnest desire to co-operate in any practical measure which you should deem free from con stitutional objection. Regarding the considerations in favor of a more efficient and vigorous progress as paramount and self-evident, 1 did not hesitate to recom mend such an amendment of the Con stitution as should confer the requsite authority, if in your judgment no judi cious plan of action could be matured consisently with the financial provisions of that instrument. Our first and highest obligation is to preserve inviolate the principles of the organic law which we have sworn to support. Whatever dif ferences of opinion may arise touching the interpretation of particular provi sions, it should be our constant aim to give full effect to all its requirements No considerations of expediency or even of necessity can justify a departure from its true intent and spirit. The financial termmed to live as cheaply as possible, interests ofyour constituents,will prompt and achievement I save all we could, and make us a home, the utmost despatch which you may deem Current was one dollar a week—our fuel,' consistent with prudent and judicious ence to our future policy, it becomes * XV 1 a ir*suujeui 01 g r a w i y i n g r e n e c u t m , l th e c r o w i n g ‘v a l u e a n a e x t e n t 0 1 m e In considering the subject with refer- o. doliffriymrer:-4 nave* ’at tWinr ‘‘n ro same amount for our clothing, and by buying the best things, and keeping them carefully, we dre.;s well enoug for that. Even my wife is satisfied with her ward robe, and finds that raw silk at six shil lings a yard is cheaper, in the long run, than calico at one shilling. That makes three dollars a week, anil wo had still our living to pay for. That cost us with three in our family, just one dollar a week more.” “ One dollar a piece.” 44 No—one dollar for gill. You seem suprised ; but we have reckoned it over and over. It cost more at first, but now we have learned to live both better and that, in the elections recently held, so large a portion of the people of the State, rising above all party divisions, should have proclaimed their adherence to the vital principle of our institutions, which clothes a constitutional majority with the power to decide public questions and j control tho action of our representative bodies. The temporary prostration of the legislative power, by the secession of a majority, was an event which could hardly fail to produce a deep impression upon the public mind. A proceeding of this character had never before occurred since the formation of a Republican Government in this cheaper—so that we have a clear sur- g late_ It was not the first time in the the travelling Public. ( C a rriage alw ays retfly at oil ‘ lie T rains, and i a v e n u e S e Boat*, to carry Passengers and Baggage to and from t h e H o u se F r e e of charge. 61 plus of four dollars a week, after pay ing all expenses of rent, fire, light, water clothing and food. I do not count our luxuries, such as an evening at tho the atre\ a concert, or a little treat to our friends when we give a party,” I know a smile came over my face, for he continued : 44 Y es, give a party; and wc have some pleasant ones, I assure you. Some times wo have n dozen guests which is, quite enough for comfort, and our treat of chocolate, cakes, blanc-mange, etc., costs as much as two dollars ; but this is not very often. Out of our surplus, which comes, you see, to two hundred dollars a year—we have bought all you see, and have money in the bank,” <4 I see it all,” said I —“ all but the living. Many a mechanic spends more than that for cigars, to say nothing of liquor, pray tell me precisely how you live.” 41 With pleasure. First of all, then, I smoke no cigars and chew no tobacco, and Ma-v takes no snuff.” Here the pleasant smile came in, but there was no interruption ; for Mary seemed to think her husband knew what tie was about, and could talk very well without her aid. 44 I have not drank a glass of liquor since the day I was married, except a glass of winh about four times a year, on Christmas, New Year’s, Fourth of July, and Willie’s birthday. The last There was a hearty, respectful free-j is ourespecial holiday. I had read enough doom about this that was irresistable. M physiology to make up my mind that growing Western trade, and to keep in view the peculiar advantages of our geographical position. It depends mainly upon our own legislation whether the Erie Canal shall continue to be the chief outlet for ihe vast and fertile region stretching from the Lakes to the Mississippi. If wise and liberal views shall guide our coun cils, we have the ability to command, during all future time, the commerce of a territory larger than Europe, embrac ing several of the most prosperous States in the Union, which, though yet in their infancy, are advancing beyond example in population and resources, arid in the construction of internal communications which in effect are but an extension of our own. The commercial relations created be tween this State and its western neish- course of our State and National pro gress that wide differences of opinion had arisen in our legislative bodies te- v specting the expediency of public mens-| bora, by opening for them an easychan- ures and the legitimate construction of nel of navigation from the Lakes to the constitutional provisions. But hitherto,1 seaboard, haveyielded and must continue in seasons of high popular excitement, * to confer reciprocal benefits upon both, when the violence of party spirit seemed to dofy control, and when political divis ions were most equally balanced, the en counters of debate have ceased, and the gravest conflicts of opinion have yielded to the deliberate judgment of the major ity. The diversities of sentiment which arise in the administration of a popular system, are to be viewed as a necessary incident of self-government. Our past experience has shown that the utmost freedom of discussion is not inconsistent with tho restraints of the Constitution, i I In giving to them the advantage of cheap access to the Atlantic maikets, we en hance the value of their soil and produc tions, while we acquire for our own citizens tho profits of the carrying trade, and the varied benefits which spring from a healthful and expanding commerce. I11 this conneclion it should be remarked, that the increase of production from year to year in the States tributary to Lake Erie, is larger than their entire surplus at tho opening of the Erie Canal. The people of those States, so closely identi fied with us in interest and feeling, are and that the controversies produced by opposing views of public questions are! not insensible to these advantages; and not hostile to the stability of democratic “ ---- W I N D I N TOWN*. MBSICALTUITIDB. M r. J . P . W IN D W I L L G I V E IN S T R U C T I O N S O N T H E Organ) P ian o Forte & M e lodeon. M r . J. P, tV. can refer to a n u m b e r of his pupils who are now engaged as teachers and o r ganists in this and th e adjoining States. T h o rough Bass, M o d u lation and C o m p o sition tau g h t practically in 20 lessons. T E R M S # 1 0 and $15. 49 R e s idence— f u l t n e y st., tw o doots N o rth of W illiam et. J . P - W„. w ill h a v e a la r g e s u p p l y o f M u s ic for th e P i a n o F o r t e , & c . , a t th e W a r e - R o o m o f S ilsiie , B v l k l k v tc B un s ktt . '\TERRA JAPONIC A. The child, he said, had been playing out of doors, had eaten heartily at supper gone to sleep, and waked up\ a short time since very hoarse, with a croaking cough. The case was a pretty clear one, and I hurried my walk still more, and in a few moments we were at the door. We went up, up, up, to the fourth story. The last flight of stairs was carpeted, and a small lamp at the top lighted us up. An excellent and jVery durable kind of mat lay at the door. (You will see, in time, why l give these little particulars. I entered the opened door, and was welcomed by a rather pretty and remarka- > bly tidy woman, who could have been no body in the world but the wife of the man who had summond me. 441 am glad you have come so soon,” she said, in a soft, pure accent. “ Lit tle William seems so distressed that he .A- euppty oVihi* superior at tide °r SB A S I ® H S i © . e tu«etber w ith a »«-ner«t assortment of D v e S tu f f y D y e w o o d s , a n d A cids, for W ’ PARTRIDGE & SOM, C l i f f S t r e e p N e w Y o r l r 1850, put the note in my pocket, and the man going to a door, opened it into a closet of moderate size, and displayed the bench and tools of a shoemaker. 44 You must be an extraordinary work man,” said l, looking around the room ; which seemed almost luxurious; but when I looked at each item l found that it cost very little. | “ No, nothing extra, 1 barely manage j to earn a little over a dollar a day. Mary helps mo some. With the housework to do, and our boy to look after, she earns enough to make our wages average eight dollars a week. We began with nothing — we live as you see.” All this comfort, this respectability, this almost luxury, for eight dollars a week ! I expressed my surprise. 44 I should be very sorry if we spent so much,” said he. 14 We have nof only managed to live on that, but vt» have 6 9 ra? can hardly breathe 5” and the next mo-1 something laid up in the savings’bank.” ment, as we passed through a narrow! 4t Will you have the goodness’ said I, passage where he lay, I heard the unmis- “ just to explain to me howyouio it?” for takoble croupy sound, that justly carries I was really anxious to kt>w how a 8 “ UU r ' l ' ! parent1- heart. shoemaker and his wife earnig but eight fa .h e V V w ith a r v°o7 e e I f e Z Z n » W 6ek' Uv ^ C° m f u n over the c h i . d - , fin. H « f„r Ot \ y o u m a y p e r s u a d e o t h r * t n o b e t t e r o f f tea and coffee contained no nutriment, and were poisons beside; and I tried a vegetable diet long enough to like it bet ter than a mixed one, and to find that it agreeed with me better ; and as vve have read and experimented together, of course Mary thinks as I do.” 4e But what do you cat and drink *?” I asked, curious to see how far this self- taught philosopher had progressed in the laws of health. 11 Come this way, and I will show you,” be said ; taking a light and lead ing the way into a capacious store-room. 44 Here, first of all, is a mill, which cost me twelve shillings. It grinds all my grain; gives ine the freshest and most beautiful meal, and saves tolls and pro fits. This is a barrel of wheat l buy the best, and am sure that it is clean and good. Its costs less than three cents a pound, and a pound of wheat a day, you know, is food enough for any man. We make it into bread, mush, pies, and cakes. Here is a barrel of potatoes.— This is hominy. Here are some beans, a box of tapioca, macaroni. Here is a barrel of apples, the best I can find in Fulton Market. Here is a box ofsugar, and o u r butter-jer. W e tak e a quart pf country milk a day ; J bfiy tho institutions. The cheerful acquiescence of the whole people in the ascertained will of the majority, has ever constituted the brightest teature of our history, furn ishing indisputable proof of the wisdom of our republican theory, and the capaci ty ol our citizens for the exercise ol po litical responsibility. This principle of submission to the voice of the majority, expressed through the forms of the Con stitution, is lundamental and organic ; it pervades and animates our admirable system of regulated liberty, and consti tutes our only shield against the disor ders of faction. Its practical recognition has thus far distinguished our country from those ill-fated democracies, ancient and modern, which have sunk beneath the violence of popular strife and insub ordination. You will doubtless esteem it among the first of your duties to resume the consideration of the important subject which was under discussion in the Sen ate when its proceedings were so sudden ly arrested. The merits of the measure, and the objections which have been advanced in it is creditable to their intelligence that they should look forward with anxious solitude, as we are assured they do, to the completion o f the Erie Enlargement. In considering the financial bearings of 111i r subject, we should remember that our Treasury derives a noble revenue from the Western trade, as an equiva lent for the facilities of transit which this State has created. The propor tion of the canal tolls derived from ton nage coming from or going beyond our borders, is steadily increasing. The a- mount collected in the year 1850, at Buffalo and Oswego, on the productions of other States, was $1,013,631 58, to which should be added the amount re ceived at the. Eastern offices on returns of merchandize. The receipts -at the same ports for the present season exhibit a gratifying increase. Thus it will be perceived that a large share of themeans for the gradual payment o f the State Debt as well as for completing our unfinished works, is to be furnished, not by our own citizens, hut by neighboring com- tirinUies, whose trade has been attracted by our liberal canal policy ; and in con nection with this view, a just estimate of opposition to it, should receive your culm the increase in trade and revenue which and impartial deliberation. I11 my an nual message to the Legis'ature 1 deem ed it my duty to invite your attention to the interesting subject ot our canal poli cy, and to present some considerations which appeared to me conclusive in fa vor ot the early completion of our unfin ished canals. The convictions which were then expressed in relation to the expediency of consummating these im- provementa, so many years in ‘ progress, have gained strength from some subse quent reflection and discussion. The importance of the trade and revenues of the Erie Canal to the prosperity of the State, is txonceeded by oil. Wo public work of any. age, Or country, has con-1 will result from the Enlargement of the Erie and Oswego Canals must dispel all apprehensions of future embarrassment ami taxation. Unless the calculations of increased tonnage upon which the Erie Enlargement was originally based shall prove to be fallacious, it is evident that tho State will be relieved from debt at an earlier period by prosecuting the work to a speedy completion, than by post poning it for a long series of years. A careful examination of the subject must also convince every practical inind that an early consum m a tion of the im- nrorement will shorten the period which must elapse before the* canal revenues will be released and made applicable to the Black River and Genesee Valley Canals. For nearly five years these works have been suspended. IC? lft __ .. L. (W / top .ehdrtVeu and finished. They dedicated the en tire surplus canal revenue to this object, after making certain reservations for th“ payment of the existing debt, and the support of Government. It is hardly conceivable that they would have re fused to present the hccomplishmet of one object for which they so carefully provided, if it could have been sup posed that individuals would consent to furnish the necessary means at once, on a simple assignment of the surplus, with special conditions that the purchas ers should receive the transfers at their own risk, without recourse to the State in any contingency. Is it reasonable, is it just to the reputaution of men eminent for their wisdom and sagacity, to con clude that while requiring the perform ance of a work, they nevertheless in tended to deprive the Legislature of the power to employ the means which they placed at its disposal in such a manner as to execute the design in the most eco- »■ nomical manner, and in the shortest possible period ? While a pledge of the revenue, in the nature of a collateral security for the payment of moneys borrowed upon the general credit of the State, would clear ly fall within the prohibition of Section 12, Art 7, of the Constitution, it seems equally clear that nn absolute assignment of tlie surplus, at the lisk of the holder, made for the purpose of obtaining funds in advance to perform the very work for which such surplus is appropriated by the Constiution, must he within the discretion of the Legislature. This pro position is established by the arguments of able and eminent jurists whose opin ions have been heretofore submitted to your consideration. . The constitutional power of the Leg islature to authorize an assignment of the surplus, without recourse to the State in case of deficiency, mitha view to realize the funds in advance for the purpose of attaining at once the object to which ihe surplus is pledged hy the Constitution, never appeared to me to be doubtful.— But it is propfcr for me to observe that in my anual message I refrained from recommending a resort to this mode from an apprehension that holders of capital might hesitate to invest their funds in a stock containing no obligation or guaranty by the State for the sufficien cy of the revenue, and for the payment of principal and interest in case of defi ciency. Your attention was called to the objections which seemed to conflict with the feasibility of the plan. These objections and my apprehensions have been obviated in the well matured pro visions of the bill now pending before the Senata, and by reliable assurances that capitalists stand ready to purchase the proposed revenue certificates on terms favorable to the State. The steady increase o f Canal tolls for years past, and the constant growth of need there he any apprehension that the Canal revenues will he diminished, after the completion of the enlargement, by the competition of railroads ; it having been demonstrate! that those bulky commodities fmm which the largest a- mount of toll is derived, can be conveyed at a less cost by the Canal than by any other artificial mode of transportation1,. The enlargement of the Oswego Oaf-' nal is a subject which demands your early and favorable consideration. Ir is of the utmost importance to the publjc interests that this improvement should ho accomplished simultaneously with the enlargement of* the Erie Canal, in order that the two main channels of transpor tation communicating with the Lakes' may be placet! on n fooling of equality In respect to Canal boats of the largest capacity. Instead of viewing the Erie; and Oswego Canals, as conflicting and hostile interests, 1 cannot but regard them- as essential parts of a wise and harmo nious system of internal navigation, both having equal claims upon the favor of the State, and being equally necessary to attract the trade of the Western States\ and the Province of Canada to1 our Com mercial Emporium. Partial provi ion was made for thef improvement of the Oswego Canal by the Legislature of 1847., by appropriat ing $100,000 of Bank Fund Stock which belonged to the Canal Fund at the adop tion of the Constitution in 1846. Al though no portion of the Canal reVeflue is applicable to this object, no objection is perceived to a direct loan of the a- mouut required for the financial article. It affords m‘c sincere satisfaction to enabled tn? coVigratuhuo you on the final conpletion of the New York and ErtS Railroad, This stupendnus'woik, after receiving an impulse from the partial aid oLlho State, has been consummated by the matchless energy and unfailing per severance of a small poifioh of our citW zens. acting in concert and with a deter-' initiation to surmount obstacle* which seemed for years to be invincible. They have execute I their design at a’ cost of over twenty millions of dollars,• being' more than twice lh^ amount tfoW requir ed by the State to finish the enlargement! of the Erie Canal. The completion of this great highway cannot fail to confer lasting benefits upon the people nf tho' southern tier of Comities, whose position1 had long excluded them from an equal1 participation in <mr system of internal improvements. It adds another link hr the golden chain which unites N. York to the States of the Northwest by the* voluntary ties of reciprocal commerce, mutual interest and fraternal attachment/ It should be our constant aim to se cure the trad* of these vast communities bevond us. This *■<> be wnn.'not by one route or ch vinel monoplizing the wholy, but by a generous competition, cheapening transputtalion, and present- Lis u c5-' nors, making them alike beneficial to both. A broad nnd liberal view of the suT?-' ject must satisfy all unprejudiced.minds that the supposed conflict ofinterst be tween our canals and railroads is more’ apparent than real Each uru'teofco nmunication will have its appropriat e Vihur to perform, and iu their <ff>rN to secure the traffic to which- they aie adapted, they must contribute in no small degree to the success of each other. Tln»rc is no occasion to nppre-* bend that the improved means which we, may supply fur the convenience of tho Western trade and travel will outstrip the constant increase of productions and business between the Lukes and the Mississippi. From the returns oftheCvnsus received at the Department of the Interior, it ap pears tint, this State will he entitled to thirty-three Representatives in f!ieCofr«< gress of the United States, under the e- nuineration ami apportionment of TS£fj. Our population has advanced from 2,- 128,621 to 9.090,022 in a cycle of tei# years; yet without any change of num» hers in the popular branch of Congf^sV* this State will suffer a loss of one mem ber in its national representation. This fact prespnts an impressive illustration of the rapid progress of the new States in the West. Concerning the ordinary topics of legislation submitted to your attention in my annual message, and still undisposed of, I deem it sufficient to teberato the views heretofore expressed, and to re commend that they may receive such, early action as y«ur sense of public' duty, shall dictate. In conclusion, 1 avail myself of the occasion to express my ardeut hope that a spirit of elevated patriotism may iff* spire your councils, and that your delih* erations, under the blessing of Provi dence, may tend to rcpetuaie ihe honor of the State and the welfare of the\ Feq- plc. WXSfllNUTON HUN'K KxecirnvR CnofSK* .. ................. $ W Wl. A C urious Piece or WonKMAvsanp - A singu’ar illustration of the ductility and tenacity of iron, has been produced at the establishment of G. Downing, Esq., the Crown Iron Works, Smeth wick. It is in tho form of a book, the leaves of which ate of iron, rolled so fine that they are no thicker than a piece of thin paper. The book is neatly boqnd in red morocco, and contains fortv-four of these iron leaves, tho whole beingson ly the fifteenth of an inch thick. TInV cnri >ns book is the work of Charles Flood, who is in Mr. Downing1*employ ment; was rolledln t h e ' ordinary sheet iron rools ; and is a singular illustration of the extreme tenacity of Lon— Btr/q- ingham Journal. 1 . Q^»The cut worm is doing great Jam* the Western States, from which a simi- age to the young crop-of growing corn m lar progress may be anticipated in future,' certain portions of Indiana, seem to have inspired a firm confidence tn the sufficiency of the revenue, even , TT - , „ among those Wlm are least inclined to he ^ How does the point it is satisfactory to observe, rhatj Law ,s beneficence actm; by rule. notwithstanding the recent reduction of 25 per cent, in tho rates on flour and wheat, the amount of tolls received for the first e?x weeks of navigation tho present season, was $773,188 25, being an increase of $170,860 S3 over the cor responding period of last year. Nor Jt is a maxin with the Jews, 41 that he who did not bring up his son to Romo honest calling, brought him up a thief. *' TAejast mao svill flourish in «.nuA P enry. ri e ot .
