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|T> TH E BRO O K L YN DAH .Y EAGLE. ^ NEW YORK. SA T U R D A Y . OCTOBER 25. 1902. DR. HILLIS’ SERMONS. A Special Series of D iscourses for the Benefit of Young M en and \Women. The Rev. Dr. Xewoll Dwight I-Iillis, pastor af Plymouth Church, has arranged a special s e n e s of Sunday evening sermons for young m e n and women. He will begin them to- . monrow. The following is the full list of dates aud subjects: October 26—\Success in Life; Its Standard, Its T e s t s and Its Relation to Character.\ : -November 2—\.Success in Business, with an Aside from Certain Pro.sperous Men Who Began Poor.” November 9—\A Successful Life for t h e In tellect, with an .A.side Upon Men Who Have Made Themselves Scholars.” November 16—“'Success and the Mainte nance of\ a Good Name.” November 23—\Success and the Building Of a Happy Home.” ■ ■ N o v e m b e r 30—\The Success of Failure and th e F a i l u r e of Success.\ December 7—\A Young M a n ’s Religion in . Relation to His Success in Life.” The evening service will begin at 7:40 in stead of 7:45. The choir will render three an t h e m s during the evening service. The inuslc will be under the charge of Dudley Buch. TO SING “ T H E HOLY CITY.” Gaul's cantata, “ The Holy City,\ will^ be sung a t the Hanson Place M e t h o d is t Church to-morrow evening under the direction of H e n r y Eyre Browne, organist. NUPT. MC K IN N E Y TO ^ E A K . The\ Rev. A. H. McKinney, superintendent of, t h e New York State Sunday School Asso ciation. will make en address to-morrow evening in t h e Lewis Avenue Congregational Church, on \The Child for Christ.” The pastor, the Rev. Dr. Robert J. Kent, will be In his pulpit in the m o r n i n g and will con duct his large norm a l Bible class In the afternoon. ' A SERMON TO YOUNG MEN. J( \The Strenuous Life Race and the Condi- I) tions and Chances of W i n n i n g —a Message ■'Ud an Appeal to Young M e n ” will be the Iject of the sermon by th e Rev. Dr. J. F. jrson, in th^ Central Presbyterian Church, Ifferson and -Marcy avenues, to-morrow •'■'.Jening, at 7:30. There will be baptism of /iildren at the morning service, when Dr. UrsoD will also preach. MOSAIC T IL IN G LAID. ■ jThe, white mosaic tiling h a s all been laid -y / the aisles ’in Christ Episcopal Church, bdford and Division avenues, and it pre- \nts a beautiful appearance. Several new iitnorlal windows have also been placed, ie rector, the Rev. Jam e s H. Darlington, Is returned, and he will speak in the Mrning t o - morrow on \A Strong Contrast,\ fill- in the evening on “The Perm a n e n t and Ibansitory in Life.” T H E EAG L E ’S ELECTION CANVASS. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle will to-morrow p r i n t the re s u l t of a very careful postal card canvass of the vote for governor in Kings County. It has also arranged with the New York Herald for the result of its canvass in M a n h a t t a n and the Bron.v. The m e t h o d of calculation is sim i l a r to the one which produced such extraordinarily accu r a t e forecasts in 1S9S and In 1901. The figures are startling. Every one interested in the election will w a n t to study them. Those who w i s h to be sure of the oppor tu n i t y should order ahead. iOI'S TBI18T SPEECH Believes Law Can Be Drafted That Will Fully Protect Interests of Public FULTON STREET PBA\YER M E E T ING The past week has been one of. great in te r e s t In t h e Fulton street meeting. The day of prayer set for the m i n i s t e r s on Wednes day was successful beyond the most sa n guine expectations. The hours from 10 A. M. to 4 P. M. were crowded full of i n t e r e s t from beginning , to close, and there was the ex pression of the deepest interest in the Old F u l t o n Street Prayer Meeting. The coming week will be one of great benefit to those attending. The Rev. F. W. Troy of Brook lyn will lead the meeting every day from Monday t h r o u g h Saturday and will give Bible readings between 12:25 and 12:40 each day. CALVARY CHURCH FA IR . The fair to be held by Calvary English L u t h e r a n Church, in Conrady’s Hall, Octo ber 23 to November 1, promises to be a suc cessful event. A large stock of goods of all descriptions is already on h a n d and much m o r e is still to come in. The display of fancy goods will be attractive. The grocery booth will contain a full assortm e n t of dry groceries and bottled and canned goods. A special feature will be the furniture sale. •An elaborate programme of music ^ n d am u s e m e n t s has been prepared. Prom i n e n t m e n will be present by engagement, each evening. Candidate Lehman will open the lair Tuesday evening a t 8 o’clock. SO, TH E R E ! A m e r r y young fellow i n Gotham And his girl w e n t to Coney, did botham. And said be; ’’Now, my dear. Do you like the sights here?” “No,” she s a i d : ” I don't like ’em—I l o t h a m ! ” —Baltimore News. P A R I S FA S H IO N S U P TO DATE. F r o m the Eagle Paris Bureau, 53 Rue Cambon, through the courtesy of Abraham & Straus. 1 M ISS G AFFN E Y TO \WED. by The wedding of Miss Mae A. Gaffney, the Ffdaughtcr of Mr. and Mrs. John S. Gaffney I of Clinton street, and EmU Charles Rolksr .Jersey City Heights, will take place ou \ a fctlnesday. November 12. The ceremony ^ 1 be performed by the Very Rev. Mgr. *ncs S. Duffy, at St. Agnes’ Church. A all' r e c e p t i o n will follow a t the residence F the bride. The ceremony will wit- i Kssed. only by relatives of both families. [B'iTSHWICK P.EPUBLICANS MEET. *^ireka Hail, al Bushwick avenue and gt Street, was well filled last night with Ib c r s of the Bushwick Republican Club, g a r c also residents of the Nineteenth iimbly District. The m e e t i n g was an ea- ^iiastlc one and the candidates in th a t » A-rict who were present were given a W ■ reception. The chairm a n of the I |jtin g was Adolph Vanrein. Addresses I ' / r e made the Rev.-: F r a n c i s F. Giles,' T /ohn J. McGinnis. SV. B. F. Behrens, Frank f/Schulz, James. R. Howe and others. AND LIMIT COMPETITION. w M ONTHLY M USICAL SERVICE. t The reg u l a r monthly praise service will be held in the Greene Avenue Presbyterian Church, between Reid and Patchen avenues, to-morrow night. The service will begin with an organ recital by the organist, Emil E. S'poerl. from 7:30 to 7:45 o’clock. The q u a r t e t and chorus choir will sing the fol- W/i lowing numbers: \Ye Shall Dwell in the Land,” Stainer: “ R e sponse,” Holden; ’’Jesus, Lover of My Soul,” W i l l i a m s ; \F o r Thee, O Dear Country,” Miller; \Bonum E s t , \ \Williams: ’’Gallia,” Gounod. The pastor, the Rev. Daniel H. Overton, will preach a short serm o n on “ Joy in the T r u t h . ” BUSY W E E K FQR EM B U R Y CHURCH Beginning lo-iporrow, the week will bo a busy one in the Embury Memorial M. E. Church. The pastor, the Rev. Bertrand M. Tipple, will preach at both services to-mor row. The Junior Epworth League will have a m e e t i n g a t 9:30 A. M., under the direction of f Miss Thompson, superintendent. On Tuesday the Brooklyn South District \Woman’s Home Missionary Society will h o l d ’. a n all-day conference in the church. Oh Sunday morning, November 2. t h e r e will be a g r e a t praise service, when many of t h e converts of Air. T a t m a n ’s r e c e n t . meetings ■will be received into the church. T. N ew m a n & S o n , Paw n b rokers, 1,0715 F u lto n St, l>5twi;cn Cls.“9on an d F r a n k li n ava. 'L la e r a l loans m a d e on diam o n d s, w a tches. Jew el ry an d personal propert.vf'of every description. A BUSY P A R IS H . “ The Rev. Thomas J. Crosby, rector, will have charge of ail the services in St. Jam e s ’ Church, L a f a y e t t e avenue and St. Jam e s place, to-morrow. The Sunday school will m e e t a t 3 P. M., in which a Bible class is bel'ng organized by t h e rector, who will t a k e perso n a l charge. Litany service will be said on Wednesday morning a t 10:30. Meetings of . the Ladles’ Benevolent Society and the P a r i s h Aid Society will be h e l d on Wednes day a t 11 o'clocit, and Friday at 3 o’clock,, respectively. A r e c e p tion of welcome to t h e ’ rbetor will be given in the parish house on Tuesday evening. T H E BALCONY CLUB. I t W a tc h e s M iss Grosman’s A c ting From the Top G allery. T h a t organization of make-believe bohe m i a n s , the Balcony Club, dined a t the Stur- te v a n t House last evening, without music or much wine, and discovered itself to he sixty strong. The club consists of Brook lyn people, chiefly, but some members con fess residence in Nea’ Jersey, and one or two have been admitted in spite of a resi dence in M a n h a t t a n , as m i t i g a t i n g circum stances have been pleaded. After the din n e r th e r e wns an interosting Lalk by Hugo W l h l n e r , well known in the am a t e u r th e atricals for which Brooklyn is well known. In which he discussed the conduct of the d r a m a and declared for high i d e a l s as against th e stupidities, frivolities and filth t h a t have been spread t h r o u g h t h e country by a syndi cate to whom the dollar is everything and a r t notblng. Mr. Wintner was cordially ajiplauded. F. H. \Evans presided at the dtoner. \By half after eight the party was seated Ju s t under the root in W a l l a c k ’s, and from t'nat eyrie it watched with a Joy, t h a t It f r e quently made manifest, the performance of H e n r i e t t a Grosman in that slightly impos sible but stirring play, “The Sword of the K i n g . ” Miss Grosman alw a y s plays with sparkle and briskness, tem p e r e d with m o m e n t s of graciousness and sweetness, but sh e w a s a t her best iast evening, possibly because she knew th a t Brooklyn was watch- lu g ' h e r , and realizing t h e different standard of t a s t e in t h is borougli from the M a n h a t t a n standard, which supports for m o n t h s and y e a r s a t a time such things as ’’.The Girl of Now York.\ \The Lobsters of New York\ and ’’The Mugs of New York.” The neat acting and charming sets of this play ought to be a relief, even to Manjjattaners, after th e long su i f c i t they have endured of syu- dlcdfe offerings^ ______ ^ K l n i r s C o m i t y ’* 'Vote m a y decide the election. The Sunday Eagle will eo'ntaln the i-cHulut of a careful canvass along lines which have been extraordinarily accurate Ici the past. Price 3 cents.—Adv. ■'J F a n c y velveteen gown with double skirt and waist In jack e t effect. The facing on collar is of w h i t e cloth. Fancy gilt buttons. CHRySANTUBM UM SHOW a t tlie greenhouses of J. Condon, h o r ticu ltu r is t, F o r t H a m ilton avo., re a r Greenw o o d C e m e tery, from. X o v . 1 to 17, and a t M adison S q u a r e G a rden, Oct. so to Nov. 7. M A E B IED . CO L S M A N -=^U IN B Y —On W e d n e s d a y . O ctober 22, a t th e hom e o f the bride’s p a r e n ts, .C h a p p a q u a , N . Y.. by th e Rev. W e lls H. F itc h , H E S T E R A D E L A I D E , d a u g h ter o f Mr. and M rs. A b ram J . Q u inby. to C H A R L E S D R I F F I E L D COLE- M.VN of Sherw o o d P a r k . Y o n k e rs, N. T . DIEI>. B Y R N E —-\t M o n treux. S w itzerland, O ctober 1. ■ J O H N B Y R N E , M. D., of Brooklyn. N .'Y . F u n e r a l , services, w ith m a s s of requiem , a t St. A.gnea’ C h u rch, corner of S a c k e tt an d H o y t ste. Brooklyn, N. Y., M o nday, O c tober 27, a t lO A. M. F rien d s and th e B o a rd of T r u s tees, m e m b e r s of the facu lty , alum iif. S isters of C h a rity an d L a d ies’ 'Aid A sooelatlon of St. .Mary’s H o s p i t a l ; the B o a rd of T rustees, m e m b e rs of the fa c u l ty and Sl.steis of C h a rity of St. M a ry’s M n tej’nlly ; th e S isters of Cliarlts* of St. P a u l 's O rph a n .-Vsyluni. the m e m b e rs of th e A m e rican C.vnecoIoRlesl Society, of the Brooklyn G y n e cological Society, of th e New Y o rk O b s tetrical Society, of th e K ings County .Medical Society, o f th e K ings C o u n ty M edical .Lssoclatlon, the fellow s of th e Nev.' Y o rk A cadem y of M edicine an d m e m b e rs of the C a tholic B e n e v o lent L e g ion, Council No. 3, are rc-spr-ctfully Invited to be present. CA R IX i—A t N o rthp o r t. L. I.. on F r iday , O ctober O c tober 24. JK S S E CA R L L . F u n e r a l services w ill be held a t h is la t e resi d e n c e ' M o n d ay, O ctober 27. US') P . M. C a r ria g e s will m e e t tra in a t E a s t N o r th p o r t s t a tion. leaving L o n g Islan d City a t 11:10 A. M. CO L E S —On O c tober 24. 1002, a t his residence, 143 E a s t F o r ty-fifth st. New Y o rk. THOMAS L E O N .’VRD COLES, in the 77th y e a r of hla age. F u n e r a l p rivate. 24-2 CROSS—A t hl.s residence, 62 F o u r th place, W I I X - I.VM A ., son of the la te Jam e s H . Cross. ^ F u n o r a l- f r o m St. ’M a ry's S tar of th^ Sea Church: C o u rt and L u q u e e r M onday, O c tober 27, 10 .’V. M. K elative.s and friends are respectfully in v ited to atte n d . 24-3 D.V.NIELS—On T h u rsday, O ctober 23, 1902. SU- E T T .\ D A N IEL S , beloved wife of C h a rles J. D a n iels, aged 30. F u n e r a l on S u n d a y from '320 W illoughby av. K K ISLE Y —At th e residence of h e r son, Clarence B. Erleley, 137 Penn st. JO A N lA C. ERISLEY . In th e 74ih y e a r of her age. F u n e r a l services Sunday, O c tober 26, 1902, JVL 6:30 P . M. GORM AN—On F r id a y m o rning, O ctober 24, JO H N G O R M .\N , beloved husband of C a therine G o r m a n , nee G a llag h e r , eld e s t son of R o u n d s m a n ’’W illiam J. an d M ary .K. G ordon.' ,, F u n e r a l from h is late residence, 29 M arion st, Brooklyn. S u n d a y , O c tober 26, a t 3 P. M. E n tered Into rest O ctober 24, 1902. A N N IE M ACK . F u n e r a l from th e residence of h e r sister. M rs. M. H a ll. 1.SS8 F u lto n st, Sunday, O c tober 20. 2 P . M. M U N D Y —A l S a r a n a c L a k e . E D W A R D M. M L'N- D Y, J r . , beloved son of E d w a r d an d C o rnelia M u n d y , in h is 2Sth year. F u n e r a l .services w ill be held In Brooklyn. N o tice given la t e r . 25-2 P.VTO.N—On F r id a y . O ctober 24, 19.02, H E N R Y PA - TO N . In his 77th y e a i \ F u n e r a l services will be held a t h is la te resi dence, 753 F ln tb u s h av. B rooklyn, on M onday, O c tober 27, a t 2 P. M. 25-3 POO L —On F r id a y . O ctober 24. H IR A M POOL, a t h is residence. 329 S tale st. F u n e r a l services M onday, O c tober 27, a t ID A. M. 35-2 In t e r e s t in g R e p o rt on T e x a s-L o u isiana Oil F ield—Petroleum as Fuel on \Warships. E D W IN BAYHA. U n d e r tak e a and Llcenaed E m b a lm c r, A tlantic avc. Telephone 125J M a la F in e a t F u n e r a l E q u ipages. Eagle Bureau. 608 F o u r t e e n t h Street. W a s h i n g t o n , October 25—Attorney Gen eral Knox’s plan for tru s t legislation is being taken up and indorsed by various officers of the adm i n i s t r a t i o u , who realize t h a t Mr. Knox has proposed a conservative scheme to check the evils of tru s t opera tions without absolutely prohibiting com binations of capital. .Among those who have given their approval to the .Attorney Gen e r a l ’s plan, as outlined in his Pittsburg speech. Is Chairm a n Martin A. Knapp of th e United States Interstate. Commerce Com mission. Chairman K n a p p . agrees with Attorney General Knox th a t the present an t i - t r u s t law Is defective, and th a t a law can be drafted tvhich will fully protect the in t e r ests of the public and at the same t i me per m i t agreem e n t s to be made to limit compe tition. In speaking t o the Eagle correspond e n t to-day regarding Mr. Knox’s recent speech, Clialrman Knapp said; ’’W i t h o u t assigning reasons for comnaend- ing other p a r t s of his address, I am p a r ticularly pleased th a t he advocates, for so 1 i n t e r p r e t his rem a r k s , such a modification of anti-trust m e a s u r e s as wll! authorize co n t r a c t s in reasonable re s t r a i n t of trade. In favoriag th i s theory of a n t i - t r u s t legis lation he seem s to me to touch the very h e a r t of the m a t t e r and to expose the in h e r e n t vices of the present law| and I r e gard It ns som e w h a t surprising th a t the points of vital importance are so generally overlooked. So far as I am able to reach conclusions satisfactory to myself, I am of opinion that no legislation upon this sub ject is so much needed, or will prove so salutory as th a t ■S’hich would bring t h e F e d eral statutes into conformity with the -wise and well grounded rule of the common law. ’’The fundamental departure from th a t rule in the Sherm a n act is, i n my judgment, the cause of its u t t e r failure as a remedial m e a s u r e . So far from accomplishing its intended purpose it has indirectly aided—in many cases forced—the very result it was designed to prevent. And this is so. as 1 conceive, because under modern methods of production and distribution, if the law will not permit reasonable restrain t to be placed upon competitive action, some form of con solidation becomes inevitable. Tho strife and struggle of trade which cannot be checked or m i t i g a t e d in any respect, can only end in combination or destruction. This view, it seems to me, is fully confirmed by experience and observation. Therefore, t h e legislative policy which the Attorney Gen eral inferentially upholds is necessary to p r e s e r v e legitim a t e and wholesome, compe tition. To prohibit any re s t r a i n t whatever upon commercial w a r f a r e in am e l i o r a t i o n of its savagery Is to m a k e im p o t e n t all efforts a t legal control and intensify the evils against which t h o s e efforts a r e directed. ” As a practical m a t t e r we m u s t choose b e tw e e n some degree of legalized restraint upon competition, or m u s t prepare for still fu r t h e r and m o r e general unification of the forces of production and distribution. Be lieving that l e g i t i m a t e and healthy competi tion is highly desirable, I believe it can be secured only by legalizing some restriction upon Illegitimate and destructive com p e t i tion. Had the common law rule been ob served in the Sherm a n act and in kindred legislation by t h e states. I believe we should have to-day a g r e a t deal m o r e actual compe titio n than now exists. I r e g a r d the position of the attorney general in this respect as a t once morally r i g h t and economically sound, and for that reason especially I consider his P i t t s b u r g ad d r e s s a distinct and valuable contribution to current discussion on this subject.” A bulletin soon to be issued by t h e United- S t a t e s Geological Survey contains a report by Dr. C. W. Hayes T e x a s - William Kennedy on the Texas-Loulsi- ana oil field, which, is O i l F i e l d . of particular in t e r e s t a t this time. F r o m the Mississippi River westward th r o u g h Louisiana and Texas to the Rio Grande, along t!he border of t h e Gulf of Mex ico, a n d extending Inland for from fifty to one hundred m i l e s Is t h e Gulf coastal plain. \The existence of petroleum in this part s)i th e country h a s been known as far back a s 1860. Since the beginning of t h e present oil development, the coastal plain has bc6n ex am i n e d , and its general underground condi tion to a depth of about 2,000 feet has been b r o u g h t to view, although many questions as to underground structures rem a i n unansw e r ab l e until fu r t h e r drilling. A generalized geologic description of the formations of t h e Gulf coastal plain is given7 an d is followed by detailed descriptions of sections of the coastnl plain formations, in cluding the logs of a num b e r of wells drilled in th e region. The geology of t h e oil pools, ■which, so far a s they are now known, occupy an extremely small fraction of t h e region described. Is dis cussed. The d i s t r i c t s discussed are: In Texas, Beaumont district, Sabine Pass dis trict, Sour Lake district, Saratoga district. Dayton district. High Island district. Colum- bla district, m i n o r Texas districts; in Louisi an a , J e n n i n g s district. Ansa l a Butte district. S u l p h u r district, Vinton district, Haokberry Island district, m i n o r Louisiana districts. W i t h regard t o t h e Splndletop oil rock, t h e re p o r t states th a t Its exceptional character explains in a m e a s u r e the rem a r k a b l e feat u r e s of the Spindletop pool. Its extreme porosity favors the storage of a very large volume of oil, and also favors the yielding of this oil with great rapidity when the re s e r v o i r is tapped. It also favors the early exhaustion of th e oil In the pool, and its rapid replacement by the underlying salt w a t e r - Beds of sulphur bearing sand are re p o r t e d from some of t h e wells on Splndletop an d beds of gypsum and of s a l t from o t h e r s ’ A list la given of 280 oil wells in the Spindletop pool ■which have shown a yield of oil sufficient to be considered of commercial Importance. The list was completed, as far a s possible, up to June 15, 1902, The stru c tu r e of the Spindletop pool appears to be t h a t of a dome with steep sides and ra t h e r flat summit. Judging from the normal thickness of the Gulf coastal plain formations and from the stru c t u r e of the Splndletop pool, it seems evident that a wcl! in this region less than 3,000 feet In depth does not reach the oll- b e a r l n g horizon anywhere except upon the Splndletop dome. The shallow dry ■ft-ells alread y drilled outside of Splndletop prove h u t little. One co-operative test well, pqt down at some carefully selected locality to a depth of 3,000 or 3,500 feet, would probably be of much g r e a t e r value t h a n a l a r g e num b e r of shallow wells put down in various localities. As shown upon the map accompanying the report, the Indications point to the possible development of oil along t h e following lines, (ill r u n n i n g n o r t h e a s t and southwest: A line from Damon, In Brazoria County, Tex., through Dayton to Saratoga, in Hardin Coun ty ; a line from Big Hill, in Matagorda Coun ty, through Columbia to Sour Lake. In H a r din County; a line from High Island, in Galveston County, t h r o u g h Big Hill to B e a u mont, In Jefferson County; a line from Ss- blne Pass, In Jefferson County, Tex., t h r o u g h Vinton to Sulphur, in Calcasieu Parish, in L o u i s i a n a ; a line from Hackberry, in Cam eron Parish, to Spring Hill, in Calcasieu P a r ish, Louisiana. The well-known oil ’’ponds” upon the surface of t h e w a t e r point strongly J] 7 4 - T H £*.'' A LANDSLIDE OR A TUM B L E ? to a source of oil n e a r the south end of t h e ■west Jetty in the Gulf, at Sabine Pass. W i t h regard to.the origin of oil In the Gulf Coastal Plain, the report discusses briefly the obscure geological problem of the origin of petroleum in general: 1. According t o one theory, which explains the origin of oil by Inorganic agencies, w a ter percolating downward through fissures in the earth's crust comes in contact under conditions of high temperature and great pressure with metallic carbides, and the r e sulting chemical reaction produces metallic oxides and saturated hydrocarbons, the la t te r ascending and impregnating porous beds of sedim e n t a r y rocks in which they are now found. No geological evidence is at hand th a t these reactions actually take place in the e a r t h ’s crust. The inorganic theory Is attractive, but not proven. 2. According to the theories of organic origin, first, petroleum is Indigenous to the rocks in which it is fouhd and results from the prim a r y decomposition of organic m a t te r and was formed when the rocks th e m selves were f o rmed; and, second, petroleum is derived from the organic m a t t e r dissem i n a t ed through great masses of carbonaceous shales by the process of slow natural d i s tillation at low temperatures and that It has subsequently m i g r a ted t h ' j u g h the s t r a ta to the reservoirs in watch it is now found. The m a j o r i t y of geologists have held to this second theory, but tho possibility of n a t u r a l distillation at, a tem p e r a t u r e suffi ciently low to leave tlio inclosing rocks en tirely unchanged has not been proved, nor have the residues of carbon which would r e sult from such distillation been found In the rock.s. 3. According to t h e o r i e s involving both o r ganic and inorganic agencies, petroleum is produced by t h e action of volcanic gases con taining sulphurous acid .and hydrogen su l phide upon lim e s t o n e (containing vegetable or anim a l m a t t e r ) , on the one hand, or upon gypsum, on the other. T h i s great diversity of views r e g a r d ing t h e origin of petroleum is equaled by the di versity of tho character of the petroleum itself and in the geologic condition under which it is found. It is, therefore, probable th a t the final theory of its origin will re c ognize the fact th a t petroleum may he thn product of widely dlffcrout processes acting upon a great diversity of m a t e r i a l s . The petroleum of t h e Gulf Coastal Plain is p r o b ably derived, in part at least, from the a c tion upon gypsum of decomposing organic m a t t e r , both anim a l a“nd vegetable, but chief ly the latter. The essential conditions for t h e accum u l a tion of oil are: (1) A eufllclent supply of oil derived from any of the sources above d e scribed. (2) A porous reservoir rock in which It may he stored and (3) an impervious cap rock which will prevent its escape. Condi tions which favor its accumulation, b u t which are not al’ways essential, are (4) Gen tle undulations in the strata, form i n g a n t i clinal arches, or domes, ami 15) the complete sa t u r a t i o n of the rocks with w a t e r and Its slow circulation under hydrostatic head, or convection, due to differences of tem p e r a ture. An abundance of organic m a t e r i a l s and conditions favorable for Its conversion Into petroleum have been notably present in many thousand feet of stra t a constituting the cretaceous and tertiary formations of the Gulf coastal Plain. There are present, also In the coastal plain an abundance of reser voir rock to hold the oil. of impervious cover to prevent Its escape, and a rock stru c t u r e favorable t o the accumulation of oil in pools. It Is thought that, although most of the oil has rem a i n e d disseminated through the beds of the coastal plain, much of the petroleum has been enabled to overcome the obstacles occasioned by t h e irregularity In the ch a r a c ter of the beds and to collect in pools by m e a n s of t h e saturation of the rocks and the circulation of t h e w a t e r contained in them. This agency of circulating waters explains, it is thought, the accumulation not only of th e soil in the coastal plain pools, but also of the sulphur and salt associated with It. After discu-sslng, t h e ■'vay In which the suliihurated hydrogen gas affects the flow of the different wells in the coastal plain, and its agency in producing large deposits of sulphur in various localities, the report takes up the probable duration of t h i s petro leum belt. W i t h o u t attem p t i n g any positive prediction, the conclusion is reached with regard to the Splndletop field th a t the Spindletop oil rock contains about one-fourth of Its volume of oil, that Is, a cubic foot of oil rock may- be considered as holding one- fourth of a foot of oil, or .87 of a gallon of oil a t complete saturation and a b a r r e l of 42 gallons will be obtained from about 24 cubic feet of rock, allowing for the propor tion nnavallable. Even If w e make the ea- tlm a t e at one barrel for every twenty..filx cubic feet for Spindletop and a little less lo r other fields, we s h o u ld have a yield equal to the Baku field in Russia, and a much greater output than th a t of any of t h e other American fields. The yield of the Baku field has been esti mated to equal about bnc-flfth of the volume of the rock. The petroleum stored in the Trenton Ilmc-stonc. one of the best producing limestones in .America, has been estim a t e d at about 10 per cent, of the rock and the statem e n t is made th a t small portions of t h e best Pennsylvania fields have yielded 900,000 barrels per square mile. Petroleum does not exist in unlimited quantities anywhere. The supply Is practi cally limited to the contents of the field, as we find, and when t h is has been withdrawn no more is obtainable. Spindletop forms no exception to this Inflexible rule, and tho length of time that even this great field may continue to produce oil is altogether de pendent on the number of wells draining the pool. A discussion of t h e physical and chemical properties of this gulf coast petroleum leads up to tho apparent consensus of opinion am o n g the chemists who have examined It th a t It Is unsulteri for tho production of il lum i n a t i n g oil and th a t it is doubtful if it can be made to yield a good lubricating oil on a commercial basis. Us value as a source of a s p h a l t and as a gas oil are. as yet. un determ i n e d . With regard to the successful use of this oil as a fuel, the experiments made by Professor Denton in the plant of the W e s t Side Hygcla Ice Company of New York and by the Southern Pacific and the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe railroads seem to estab l i s h both its availability and Its economy as a generator of steam . W h e t h e r the Beaum o n t petroleum may be successfully used In m e t a l l u r g i c a l processes is n o t yet settled. When properly burned the flame of the petroleum Is a clear white, ■with an intense heat, and as t h e fuel is completely consumed no smoke issues from the smokestack. When Improperly handled, however, an In- tciiseiy black smoke issues from tho sm o k e stack in great volumes, sra'iittlng and spoil ing clothes and pain t work and covering everything It touches with a black, greasy soot. On the whole. Beaumont petroleum may be considered as a valuable fuel, even in Its crude state, and when deprived of some of its lighter constituents it will be quite as safe as any other liquid fuel now on the m a r k e t . In some respects It is Inferior to the Pennsylvania and Russian oils, b u t Its evaporative power Is higher than th a t of the Virginia and California oll.s. Compared with various coals. Including P i t t s b u r g lump and slack, anthracite, Indiana block. Georges Creek lump, Maryland. Pocahontas, Virginia, Cardiff lump, Wales, Cape Breton, Canada, the num b e r of barrels of Beaumont petroleum required to do the same am o u n t of -ivork as a ton of coal ranges from 3.4 b a r r e l s to 4.3 barrels. .At present there are four pipe lines to P o r t A r t h u r and two t o Sabine. Pass, ivhcnce shipm e n t s arc made, chiefly to New Or leans, Mobile, Philadelphia and other coast harbors and considerable quantities are shipped, also, to European ports in tank ships. The combined t a n k a g e of steel and earthen tanka at Beaumont is, at the present time, about 7,500,000 barrels. The method of drllUng wells in the Beau m o n t and contiguous oil fields is the rotary process, which is described a t length. Prices for drilling wells vary in accordance with the conditions of the contract, but from $4 to $4.50 per foot of depth may bo consid ered a fair .average of prices to-day, the contractor furnishing all tools, machinery, labor, etc., ncc'-ssary to drilling the well. The company uaually reserves the rig h t to accept or reject the work upon completion. The average time required to drill a well In any of the oil fields, ■u’hen no accident occurs, is abo5it two months. Consider able danger accompanies the flowing and the closing of 'll new well on account of tho pio.aonous nature of the gas accompanying the oil flow. This gas contains a large proportion of hydrogen sulphide, and its poisonous qualities are intensified by Its be ing saturated with petroleum vapor. P e t r o leum vapor has the effect of rendering peo ple inhaling it unconscious, and If the pa tien t rem a i n s under its influence for any length of time, death ensues. The combina tion of t h e hydrogen sulphide and the petro leum vapor issuing from the wells of Beau mont is such as to render death almost in stantaneous. .although, fortunately, fc’w fatal 'accidents of this kind have taken place at Spindle Top. .An estim a t e of the maximum flow of 162 ■wells now in use at Spindle Top may be made as somewhere between 25.000 and 30,- 000 barrels dally; probably the average flow would not exceed 10,000 to 12,000 barrels. The tnt.al nroductlon of crude petroleum in the Beaumont Spindle Top field, includ ing the oil wa.stcd from wild gushers and eth e r wells, the local consumption, tho oil held in tanks, and tho oil shipped away, from the beginning of 1901 up to May 31, 1902, Is estim a t e d a t 11,688,000 barrels. The' value of well m a t e r i a l tanks, tank cars, pipe Hues, pumping stations, refineries and wells producing, drill ing and abandoned, is estimated at about $7,640,000. On December 31, 1901, the n u m ber of wells abandoned was 28; of pro ducing wells. 131; and of wells drilling, 46; a total of 205. On M.ay 1. 1902, there were 52 abandoned wells. 210 producing wells and 60 wells drilling, a total of 352—an Increase on May 1. 1902, over December .31. 1901, of 24 .abandoned wells, 109 producing wells, and 14 drilling wells, a total of 147. R e a r Admiral George Melville, englneer- In-chlot, In his annual report to the Secre tary of tho Navy, says that the personnel act N a v y has proved to he a P e r s o n n e l A c t a [allure as it is admin- Istered. He asserts J: a l l u r e , th a t one-half of the officers of the Navy are yet t o be convinced of t h e benefits of amalgamation. Still, Ab.mlral Mclvlllo thinks that if tho law were admlnistcrod with a desire to make It a success it would give t h e most efficient navy In fne world. To that end he wants an engineering laboratory In Annapolis like that in Charlottenberg, Germany, for experi m e n t a t i o n and the education in engineering of young line officers. He also asks the es- as Fuel. tablishm e n t of a po.ai-graduate course in rn- ! g i n e e r i n g at the Academy, tlie <i'’tail of a I junior line ofilccr as understudy to engineer officers on shore duty, such junior officers to be plnced in charge of the inncitinery of ■tor pedo boats and anxillary craft. The Admiral recommends ih.at promotion be denied line officers who do not take I’.ieir turn at engineering work: th a t graduates of technical colleges be permitted a chani'c to compete for naval commissions: tliat lo<) ad ditional w a r r a n t officers be appointed: tliat naval training be liad at every naval ai-i- tion; th a t tho pay ef the \noilermen be in- I creased, and, finally, that the name of the Bureau of Ste.am Engineering bo changed to th a t of Engineering, and that it receive charge of all maehinery on shipboard exi-'-jit that pert.aining to the guns. Tlic propi'sed use of potroioum as a stib- Btilnte for eoiil on shipbottrd is treated in ■Admiral .Melville's re- P e t r o l e u m im n at a length and in such noiail as t h o r oughly to meet tiie innum e r a b l e demands that have come to the Navy Departm e n t for the .special in f o r m a tion collected liy tlie engineering board. \T h e m o r e this que.siion is investigated,\ says the adrairai, ''the more Intricate seem s the problem of successfully iiistalliug an oil fuel appliance on board a battleship. It ought to be successfully used on the torpedo boats as welt as tipon auxiliary naval ves sels th a t steam between regular ports. For the array transport service it miglu prove very desirable, since a supply of oil could he m a i n t a i n e d at the several calling ports. T r e a t i n g of the commercial aspects of the question the report says: \it. m a y be regarded as a certainty that, except where unusnal conditions prevail, ttie cost of oil for m a r i n e purposes will he g e n erally grt-ater than that of coal. It is the expen.se of transporlatton tliat will always prevent the oil from being a cheap com- bu.stthle.\ It then Is shown that It would be more expensive and difficult to store oil than coal, and that the fumes are dangerous in places like the. small bunkers and donblc- bottom .spaces aboard ship, where, being heavy, they cannot be easily blown away. Cut in .spite of these and other objections, the board says. \T h e bureau has no hesitation, however, in declaring th a t in view of the results a l ready secured hy the liquid fuel on board, an imstallatlDn should be effected without delay on at least a third of the torpedo boats and destroyers.” MISCELLANEOUS. Accept no Etib.o;;tute use o.nly the genuiae LANim M ‘’S FL&mBA WMTEiS For the Handkerchief, Dressing-table and Bath. of the Burns rona^:f’ to In- built by the Llurths ('ottaftf AHFo<'»tiiion oi ^''i. Louis on lh(‘ grounds of tho World's P'alr for 1P04, and of a roproductinn of a portion of S t i r ling Casilr as a “ hali for Srotiish w o r t h i e s . ” from whii'h niisslon a.s fnmrrilsslonor to (jrout Britain ho has just returniHl. his p u r pose to secure relics jsnd manuscript.s from those who have made nil Scotland a Scottish Hhrim* having benn w<dl accomplished. The lecture was grnphie and scholarly, with a Sftoich enthusiasm worthy of his an cestral line. T h e a t e r s . The past was a week of unusual interest to Wasliinclon theater goers, for beside tho regular shows there was Mascagni on T h e W e e k Tuesday afternoon at the New National, and Duss and his band at the Columbia on Wednesday. The' .National had a big week with Kyrle Bellew .and E l e a n o r Robson in \A Gentleman of P’rance,” and ciuhusiasm over the fight on t h e stairs ran high. ■At the Columhin \Arizona.” despite three previon.s engagements here, demonstrated tliat it Is still In the heyday of Its youth and prosperity. W a s h i n g t o n will he the scene of another new production next week. On Monday night, a t tho National, the Klaw & E r l a n g e r Opera Company, will present Harry B. Smith and Gnstavc Kerker's spectacular novelty. ’.'The Billionaire.\ willi Jerom e Sykes as the principal magnet, and a c o m p any of over one iiundred to help along the fun. Magnificent gowns from Paquin, Worth and Felix are promised to excite feminine i n t e r e s t , and the charm s of the wearers thereof are extolled to appeal to the masculine. At the Columbia, t h e four Cohans, in \The Governor’s Son” ought to be a popular a t traction. A. B, -A. DEMOCRATS IN THE 28TH. M ass M e e ting H e ld U n d e r the A u spices of the H o ratio Seym o u r Club. A Democratic mass meeting under the auspices of tho Horatio Seymour Club of the Twenty-eighth Ward was held l a s t night at Cooper Hall, Bushwick avenue and Cooper street. Before the meeting there were music and fireworks and fully 2,500 p e o ple fiocked Into the big hall afterward to h e a r tho campaign talks. W i l l i a m H. Nolan, \an esteemed member of the club, acted as chairman of the m e e t ing and among those who addressed tho meeting were James A. M u r t h a , Jr.; Alexan der Gelsmar, ex-.Asserablyman Joseph Guider, W a l t e r H. Bunn, Joseph W a g n e r , candidate for re-election as state .senator; Louis J. Zettler, candidate for assembly- man; Dr. F r a n k E. Wilson, the present con gressman, who is looking to be returned; Philip D. Meagher, Cyrus P. Gale, Edward A. M i l l e r and Judge Jam e s F. Quigley, ail of whom flayed the Republican platform, its candidates and its prom i s e s without s t i n t and told the eager listeners th a t Democracy was this year bound to win. During the night there w a s much talk of an alleged letter said to have been w r i t t e n by Judge Jacob Nou asking Royal Arcanum m e m b e r s to vote for Judge William Schnitzs- pan for Congress nS against Dr. Wilson. Dr. Wilson Is the fou'nder and most honored m e m b e r of Bushwick Council of the order. The letter has been sent to Chairman John L, Shea. SCOTTISH SHRINES. DEMOCRATS BOOMING SCHULTZ. Eeim b lican Candidate for Stats Senator in the N inth Tendered a Big Ovation. Frank Schnlrz's campaign for the se n a t o r - ship ill the .Ninth District h.a.s t aken a funny turn in the iia:;i few days. Schultz is the Republican v.an.iidate for the office and his opponent is Senator Wagner. .A few days ago Michael Hiiyiii. ihe leader of the dis trict, who i.s a slaui'ii Deinnerat. but who.se relations with the Ilenioeralic Senator have been severed, lioistiel ti transparency of the Uepubllcan candidate over his jdace at 9.S3 FliKshing avenue. Senator Wagner ivent to see .Mr. Haym and asked him to remove tho transparency and substitute one of himself. This -Mr. Haym flatly refu.-eii to do and the Senator left the place. Mr. Haym .said th a t tho banner would remain in It.s place until after election. Thereupon he notified about five iiundred persons in his district tliat t l i e r a would be a IlepubUcatl open aiv meeting in front of his pl.ace lust night and the R e p u b lican candidate for senator would speak. Last night .Mr. Sebiiltz invaded this s t r i c t ly Democratic district and spoke as a n nounced. Plenty of skyrockets, rom a n can dles and other red fire, carelessly shot off. ' furnished excitement for from five to seven hundred children In the street, and not more than two hundreil men were on hand How ever the reception accorded to the Repub lican was a warm one and there tvas plenty of enthusitism. .Mr. Htiym was asked eon- cernlng his relations with Senator W a g n e r , and he r e p lied: \1 have nothing to say. C a n ' t you see t h e r e is nothing Imt enthu.*tiasm for Mr. S'ZhuKz? I think, th a t explains every thing.” ________ CALLED TO HOMECREST. The Rev. Ed-ward L. T ibbals to Be F e r - m a n e n t Pastor. At a congregational meeting, h e l d . I n the H o m e c r e s t Presbyterian Church on T h u r s day evening, a unanimous call was extended to the Rev. Edwawl U Tibbals. The Rev. Daniel H. Overton, pastor of the Greene A v e nue Presbyterian Church, was m o d e r a t o r of the meeting. .Mr. Tibbals has been in charge of this work ever since he organized the church on June 14, 1900. This church claim s to be the twentieth century church of New York City, as the foundntiou was laid on the morning of January 1, 1901. The Rev. Mr. Tlbbal.s was born in New A'crk City April 10, 1871. Shortly a f t e r his parents moved to Brooklyn. He received hi-s early education here. After an experience of eight years in business life he began his preparation for the ministry. For seven years he continued his studies, finishing his course a t the Union Theological Sem i n a r y . \Wallace Bruce’s Lecture Before t h e B rooklyn I n s titu te an In t e r e s t in g One. Ih I W a l l a c e Bruce appeared before the Brook lyn Institu t e last evening at tho A r t Build ing, Montague street, his s u b j e c t being \ S c o t tish Shrines.He said that they might bo classified under three great divisions—the reilglous, t h e heroic and the poetic. In I llus tratio n of the first, he referred at l e n g t h to tho Island of Iona, t h e home of Saint Colum- ba, who brought Christianity to the Piets in 565. On the occasion of Mr. Bruce’s visit to this island in 1870 he had the good fo r tune to have the company of tho Rev. N o r man McLeod, the great preacher of Glasgow and personal friend of Queen Victoria, who knew well t h e story of the celebrated shrine. From this and the Island of Staffa .'Vlr. Bruce passed to the story of Saint Cuthbert. the i n spired shepherd lad of t h e border coun try, and th e historic church in Edinburgh b e a r i n g his name. Tho story of King A r thur of the round table and the battlefield of A r t h u r 's se a t in 516, as well as the m y t h i c a l I grave and shrine of Merlin, received due attention. Melrose Abbey. St. Andrew’s Cathedral and | Glasgow Cathedral were next referred to, and their power and influence noted on the Christianity of Scotland, with reference also to the history, romance and literature of more modern times, which have cast en d u r ing r a d i a n c e over the old-time ivy-clad walls. Holyrood .Abbey, dating back to the twelfth century, and the shrine of Saint M a r g a r e t on the Castle Hill of Edinburgh and John Knox’s house brought tho speaker down by long steps through the centuries to t h e days of t h e great struggle of the Reformation, in which Queen Mary played such a sorrowful part. Then followed Stirling Castle and Stirling Bridge, related to the great story of i Scottish liberty a\nd the struggle of Sir William Wallace for independence, with Ban nockburn and the old Bore stone, where King Robert Bruce planted his standard in the greatest battle ever fought In Britain. Among literary shrines, special attention was glvon t o t h e home of T h o m a s the Rhymer, which was restored a few years ago in Scotland and saved by Mr. Bruce’s sugges tion from demolition; also to Lead Hills, t h e blrtholace of Allan Ramsay, from which he went as a boy to Edinburgh and made her old High stre e t a new highway of l i t e r a t u r e . He spoke of the glens of Scotland, of the Yarrow and the E t t r l c k , of the Tiveed, and 1 of Hogg, the poet of \K i l m e n y ” ; of W a i t e r I Scott’s Abbotsford of Dryburgh; of Edln- I burgh, the shrine of shrines, holding so I much history between her lofty hills, and. ; finally, as a fitting climax, spoke ot .Alloway ; Kirk, of t h e Doon, of Kilmarnock, of Dum fries and Nithslde and closed fittingly with a tribute to t h e clay-built cottage, the b i r t h place of t h e peasant poet, Robert Burns and the scene of the world’s m a s terpiece of ‘ Christian worship, the \C o t t e r s ' Saturday : Night.” 1 Mr. Bruce r e f e r r e d In closing to the replica I The Rev. E d w a rd L. Tibbals, P a s to r of Jlomcrro.'^t P rr.sbytcrlnn C h u rch. He has been successful as au nrp;anizer, h a v ing been instrum e n t a l in organizing tho Glenmore Avenue Presbyterian Church in 1SU7. Ho is a bright and forcible preacher. It Is understood that ho will acccfpt the call, which will be regularly brought before tho Presbytery on Monday. Mr. Tibbals has j u s t returned from .-Mbany. where ho was one Of the delegates to the Synod. ECHO’S SINGERS I N OLD HOME. \Daheim. daheim,” or \Home Sweet Home,” was sung by the members of th e Echo Q u a r t e t Club, when they returned to their old home. Echo Hall. Johnson avenue, last night, which they had left without h a v ing had any special reason why new head quarters were selected a year ago. D u r i n g the week the property of the noelety w a s moved to Echo Hall, and when the singers entered, m a n y of whom had not attended th e rehearsals for months, the library, the ban ners, the trophies, pictures, were found a t the same place they had occupied for nino years. Three members were elected, A n drew Goetz, s r . ; Andrew Goetz, jr., and Adam Bauer. Andrew Conrad, the host of tho hall, welcomed his old friends and H. Heckelmann. president of the society. In a happy address expressed the hope that th© society would flourish and grow. Next T u e s day Mr. Ehni's birthday will be celebrated In grand stylo. This Is done every year; in-, asmuch as Mr. Ehm refuses to accept con*'- sidoratlon for his services as conductoi his • birthday Is made the occasion of some special jollification. FIN D MASTODON I N ILL IN O IS. Paris, 111., October 25—\ATiile digging a ditch Charles Fletcher and Jam e s M u r r a y unearthed t h e rem a i n s of a full sized m a s t o don. Seven feet of the right tusk were in tact, which was attached to the skull. All the upper teeth were also well preserved. Those on t h e right were attached t o t h e tu s k and upper part of the skull. The earth in all directlops of the find will be dug up In an effort to' loca.tc the rem a i n d e r of the skele ton. The skull -wlli b.e presented to t h e S t a t e ■University at Champaign.^ NOME COAST P.AKED BY GAL e I Seattle. October 2,5—One of the w o r s t storm s that ever raged In Behring Sea r a k ^ the Nome coast from October 11 to 14. T h r e b lives were l o s t in the Nome Sea and m l a r g e am o u n t of damage was done to -buildings along the water front. On Sunday the w a t e r rose eighteen inches higher than it was in 1900. F e a r s are telt th a t iievlous dam a g e was done a t St. MichaeL
