{ title: 'The people's press. (Batavia [N.Y.]) 1825-1830, October 01, 1825, Page 1, Image 1', download_links: [ { link: 'http://www.loc.gov/rss/ndnp/ndnp.xml', label: 'application/rss+xml', meta: 'News about NYS Historic Newspapers - RSS Feed', }, { link: '/lccn/sn83030737/1825-10-01/ed-1/seq-1/png/', label: 'image/png', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn83030737/1825-10-01/ed-1/seq-1.pdf', label: 'application/pdf', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn83030737/1825-10-01/ed-1/seq-1/ocr.xml', label: 'application/xml', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn83030737/1825-10-01/ed-1/seq-1/ocr.txt', label: 'text/plain', meta: '', }, ] }
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- A : ' v-^ ■■ . r v l < [lyieceiyeaaJ^ S ^ ^ ^ } i ^ c y V,' \M-- '6'’* VOL.; I. >4 ; / ' i : . . SCXx:= - j(—;(L, < :/ \ i i i if..' . ;/■ ■V- ,i; -’ -■.o ' • 'f 9. - ■5-. B|aPAVIA, S A f t o A T , OCTOBER 1, iSsA N O ; J 9 . X i l E T i U V E L t E R ^ * O i ? , j w i i ^ W i ^ , , 'jfrom the N. Y. Statesm a n .] nrfoRIAL C O R R E S P O N D E N C E . wo^. in . Limericfo, mh o f A f y , 1825. jx^ was our intention to_as<®Bii(d Somh df *'ien. ''^ ^ - * : ^ ^ ash Q jB A 'J7 o r K iU a r n e y before Ifaying.'tlie 10,1025.1 • ' ■ ’ „ t „o«ble view Pst of ascent, and oflFers p erhaps t j e most Iftrapuons. The prospect from the sum- !it is said to be both wide an^ grand.— In fhP top is an oval and unfathomablie L above one mile in circum ference, P 55 * » « a - ' « 5 y a •S ' « • \ r r h a s f o r ^ g ^ | h ^ ^ • pu 6 : | W r tm e i j [ f o f the j, 5 | l^ons; ^ d - w ill Setf o a ^ l a s c a n b e h i d m ^ ^ o j ^ * .8 ,8 5 - ° W ' & % \ 1825 * * i ► L U T I O R worship hetw e e n B w t Jgs is dissolved, dl| :d to said finm 'e ither W j ^count, a re requeued 4 ] esa m e w fljc.3> ;$. bj U ,y e x p e c t to b o seed ag if ents c a n b e m adefoiftat J B. BLODG3BTT. J. S. B IJ.L IN G R 9, 1825, i. wiicbthe celebrated Charles Jam e s Fox « said to haveswum—afact which is h e re Itcounted scarcely less a rduous t h ^ th a t ^ Lord Byron in swmmmg the Helles* iob L as the water is v ery cold, and the bore -n some places rugged. • Havin 'ready passed tw o days at illarney, - ^‘re clouds SttU c o n tinuing Khanff arou. %brow o f the hills, a l though the sky - ^ a s clear, and b right, the planofascenon^M angerton, m which bur object would p v o b ^ ^ . be d efeated. Las abandoned; and a t 5 6 ,d o c k yester- Bav afternoon, we tepk the p t ^ t coach for Trelee, which we reached about sunset. The road is excellent; and th e country bn either side, for the m o ?t o f the w ay, tichand well cultivated.' F rom several turns and eminences, t h e h ills o f K illar- hey, and those stiR further to the north 4t, about Casdemain, w e re in fullyiew , ingling their blue summits ,w ith th e •Among the 'passengeis?-^'^i< i s an intelligent and gainst JJyron ana nioore. x t e r s n im ^ e u & W o f fco'nversatioB and t h e li^ i infoM Uhnsiastic adm ire/, o f G o l ^ ^ l F L A X S E E D . 30i L'a her will pay the h i f f h e s « ‘° pieasoreB u i . u ir j ii ^ ^ « . J S H for the abnvf»T,f2B sided many years m th e y tlla g e ofK d la! reV a t his s t o r r m s i r . A <5 i® lie state o f society, and thoi*aditionsa.- h x '* h o n t the Lakes. E # e i a i intm^esting an- T ^^^cdotes of the ftunily o f O ’Doijfphoe w e re telated by h e r. O n e o f thh last o f the e, whom she recollected. Was a prince looking m an, b u t so ignorant th a t he onld barely w r ite Ms pame.: By indutg- g too finely in th e ip e a s u r e s o f th e chase d the r ites o f h o spitality, he ruined h is BTtune, H is, \purse w a s replenished ajid estate,redeem e d , by m arrying w ith le daughter o f a w e a lthy m erchant, hich w a s h o w e v e r regarded as a degjra- [dation o f c h a racter, a lthough his lady Ian accomplished woman. As a n i n s t a t e jr ^ n a t e , Feb. Iff, 1825; [the following amendment tothip Constitution ofti^ inch pf the first section uf |d arlSicle of the Constil |ibes the qualifications ofj in peifson^ o f eolor, be ani by abolished, and thatthe | i 4 ® hf twei!?«of his humanity a n d g a l l ^ t r y , it w m ^ - ^ fiave been an B te d that one d ay in a stag-hunt, a doe 1 ” ^ driven from the hiEs into th e lake. / J state j on Ifion, M f o r th ^ jasfsM >t o f t i e CjJoipity w h ere lie le, shml b e ehtajJeito llV a r d w h e re y.aclaa% J LelseWher^, fori^Rofficerf - r e i ^ ^ m ay b e eie'ctl?^^ I^ord^r o f th e Senate. 1| i the, MeiUhers electt|jjb| Ig iq/favor th e r e o f ’ r i 1T ALL]U[ADGE, i>re^f.| \Cltirk. d f J n e w - y o r x . \en ^ lyi A f m l 16,1825. jat Ithis House do coucue ’L I in their precedisgTesolu^jf I ofl the M em b ers elected] Iting in faVbr thereof. LNi p R O t l U S , S g m h r J \Zle^k. approaching the pooranimah the bigtejars were seen to roll from her eyes, O’Dopo- *^e ^558Tns BanakercBieffrom Ms pock- 11;, bound around her head, and treating he captive kindly, presented her to l^dy Xenmare, who w ith g r e a t delicacy o f feel- * permitted jher ^nat^ Jila^eh 10, 1825. lat t l ^ following amend* Id to th e iConstitiUion of lat the sam e be referred re next to be chosen, and 5uance\pf th e provfeioBl | jnXof th^eii^hth a rticled Ition, Se o f t h i s \ ^ a t e , iu their tall, a t thqirm inual elec- Im a n n e r a s t t e Legisla* lect b y b h i & |h 'e i r J # . ; le ; and toe*J^tfoes.fclj [>wn, shall'im n agether, and i h p M ^ f J and T o w n G l e r ^ W ' ’• fvided, by Jot^ ifitoXw^ I jach class, Ihree and^^foutj m e sh a ll le a r ; ofim m feE a ^ t^;^.i leond y e a f i i l o f to e thfrd-yUji/»\ W wi th e end'ofrtoeiuttitfi ^ ' o n e 5 : elected;; -jmd' ,sj? th secfron o f t o e i b u m ititu tio tt o f t o h E ^ t ^ ^ Ith this a m e n d s lh i^ w g lire M embers-elected to fovor thereofe- , / 1 pL L M A D G lhidPfw /* 1 j ' % , A p r i r 7 j 8 B l ^ E th is H o u s e doi^coBcUf I [th e i r p r e c e d i p ^ e ^ t i i r '« le M e m b e rs Q favor toer^l#®^ , ' C R O L t U 0 ^ S 0 ^ ^ - I rk. ~ 4 ^ sATim B A r;AT m 0 s m ^ L '■ m M S . ■. tibers i t wiR linn* / 1 . * ; i 3 o t J a m z Ho b e p a id b y s o m e ; j ^ p ^ ^ P jers j Lotion m a d p t o Dg- loosened the bonds;, and permitted / e t i ^ to h e r n a tive forests. , The mind of this lady, notw ithstanding all her mtelligence and refinement. Was btrongly tinged with superstition. In kpeaking o fM a rcress Abbey, and on 1 be ing informed th a t a sprig of the yew- Itree was plucked as a memorial o f the place, she raised her bands in astonish- aent, and exclaim ed, th a t she would not have broken a tw ig for the World. She Remarked that tberU was a story still c u r rent in the Village,Jof an officer who cut off a branch Uf the sacred tree w ith his ^word; the Woupd w e p t’ blood; and an awful fatality pursued the hand which perpetrated the deed. In her opinion however, the sin | o f ignorance would be winked a t in o u r jcase ; yet the act was [abhorrent to the sentim e n ts o f th e peo- Iple in the neighborhood,, although they [are by no m eans serupulous in other res pects. The boatm en on the lake, will re- Ifnse to row a visitor to th e shore if they [know he has a relic from th e Abbey. Our informant stated, th a t tw o snm- Imers ago, the celebrated p o e t M oore paid la long visikto K illarney and the county of iKerry, in company w ith the M arquis of jLapsdovrae and bis lady. - O n his return, I he Wrote the w o rk called Captain Jtock, comprisingHhe facts and^materials which [he c o v e te d in this excursion. T h e vol- I nme,\][\faelieve, has been republished in i N e w - Y ^ , C a p tain R o c k is a common I d e s ig n a ti^ of the W h ite Boys. W e [beaM o fJlohre a t Cork, and th e geptle^ ^ from w h W w e received so m any ci- idiities, accon^anied him to the -Cove and the entrim e^ o f th e harbor, pursuing [ the same route, oyer which he conducted ns. H e .w a S 'a 'sm iool-fellow o f M oore, and lived m t h e m e s s tr e e t to Mm in D u b lin, o f whiclx th e poOt is a nativff. A few miles beyond T ralee, the rpqd passes Ballyseedy, a fine seat belonging to M r. B lannerhassett, a relative of the man o f the sam e nairife, who once owned* an Island and a beantiful residence in the Ohio, and was concerned in th e ambitious schemes ascribed to A a ron B u rr. Lady lenmare, a t -Killarney, w h o is said to he [ an uncommonly fine woman, is the qister [ofthe individual who figured in the isup- iposed conspiracy. According to our in- Tforin^t, the beings w ith whom Mr- W irt, I in his celebrated speech, peopled th e lit- tie paradise upon t h e Ohio, w e re not that innocent and immaculate pair, which the vivid fancy o f our A ttorney G e n e ral por trayed. The exile, who has since r e turn ed, does not sustain a fair c h a racter in bis own country, having m a rried his niece clandestinely, and by corrupt m eans, es- caping With h er to Am erica. Such is his reputation. . It was not a little gratifying to o u r feel- “ gs to hear this lady speak in term s of ftie highest applause • o f to e w ritings o f q^hington Irving, which she had read! With attention, and gave a discriininating opmon o f their m erits. S h e gave us the prigin of the story to the “ Broken irfeart,”' m the Sketch-Book, and related alt the| retired spot, a t a little village'in the Coun ty o f Cork. H e f affections w e re indisso lubly wedded to One, w h o se name is fa m iliar in our c ity, and who fell a victim to his attem p t to break th© cHains o f his coun> try m e n ; while hpr hand, after the death of her “ first loveji” was imprudently and not without som^ reluctance g iven in m a r riage to another. )n Our arrivM a t T ralee, which is a large and well b u ilt place, s ituate at the head of a bay o f the sam e nam e, we walk ed to the p o rt, wjhich is a mile below, and connected by a <|anal, u p w h ich the tide flows to the heaijt of the tow n . T h e bay op^ns into the A.tlantic ocean, a t the dis tance o f five mUqs, and is easy o f access. Its trad e is noWj considerable, and its im portance is aboujt to be greatly increased by the establishipent of a line of steam boats, four in num b er, to run to the Uni ted S tates. ^ 1 ^ K n ight o f K e rry is the projectol a n d inpuential patron of this e n terprise. W e w y retold th a t the boats a re now building, arjd one of them will, be at T r a lee by the first o f A u g u st, in readiness to c o m m e n t riqqtning* I f this plan suc ceeds, i t wiB be|_of g r e a t im p o rtance not only to Tralee* b u t to Ireland, through which a directC([nnnunic*tlon will b e open ed b e tw e e n the, U n rited S tates, Canada, and E u rope. , A t 3 o’d o c k y e s ierd w m orning, w e took th e poet cijach for T a r b e r t, a small village on th e biank ofithe* S h a n n o n , with th e intentim i o f a scending the river to t l ^ l ^ c e itt t h e steam -boat. Finding on in quiry) th a t the boat would not arrive for several hours, th a t p a r t o f our passage u p to Lim erick would be in the night, w e ,concluded to proceed in the uoach, especially as the day was delight ful, and afforded a fine opportunity for viewing the country from the top o f the uam a g e : N e a r T a r b e r t the road s trikes the left bimk o f the Shannon, and runs along the m argin for fourteem m iles. It is a noble stream , a n d its shores are highly interes ting, not only on account o f the variety oTlandscapes wMch tRey p resent, b u t from the g r e a t num b er o f ruins crow n ing al m o st every eminence along the road.— T h e s e antiquities, consisting of mounds, tow e rs, c a stles, churches, and' monaste- rieg, a ie not a ll satisfactorially accounted ■fo/ Some o f them are said to have been e r ^ t e d b y ih e D a n e s ; others are the rel ics o f feudal tim es, and others w e re rear ed by ecclesiastics, and for m ilitary purpo ses, during the civil w a rs in G reat B rit ain. T h e y seem to argue, th a t this part \of Ireland has long possessed a dense pop ulation, a n d w as deemed of gi'eat impor tance* ® A fow m iles below this place we pas sed St. P a trick’s W e ll, a spring by the way side, wMch haipgiven name to the little village around it. W ith toe holy w a ters o f tM s ibxmtam, thetntelary Saint is said to have baptized the neighboring inhabitants in persop, who flocked to him in multitudes, to receive the token o f the remission o f thei^ sins. Pour miles from town stand the ruins Of a castle and ab bey, reputed to be th e oldeat in the Island. T h e spot is said to be enchanted. A le gend is still in circulation ..and currently believed th a t the wife of a peasant went out one evening to milk her cow, when the animal made for the ruined abbey and entered the door : the woman follow ed; suddenly the dark and crumbling cloister became a splendid apartm e n t, with furni-' is a M e c im e h o f p u re Gothic a rchitecture, to th e very battlem e n ts, whence a per fect view o f the c ity w ^ obtained. A fter d inner o u r ram b les were resumed, Lim e rick w a s o n ce a Trolled city, and is celebrated in the history of the w a rs be tween England and Irmand. A section of the ancient ram p a rt |ls y e t standing, as also two castles, in one of whichEing John for some tim e resided. They- are now both vacant and phut up. Adjoin ing to them are toe k r r a c l ^ , in w U c h .tore. .th e ^ < f ^ r L , drlron VeyonT the there IS a regim ent of troops at present - ’ * - - stationed. N e a r the ancierit castles, a castles, a stone bridge o f equal afitiquity extends a- cross the Shannon. A bloody battle was once fought upon it, and m u ltitudes o f the troops were in the heat of the conflict p re cipitated into the river and seen floating over the falls below. T h e Shaim o n opposite Lim erick is a narrow stream , but th^ channel is of suf ficient depth to admit, ships of five h u n dred tons burthen t o ; ascend with ease and safety. It soon becjimes wide. W h e re we first saw it this m o ining, it is a s broad as the Hudson opposite N e w -Y o rk. T h e distance from ,Limerick to its m o u th is 63 miles. It rises far in |h e interior, and is the larg e s t river, not only in the three kingdoms, b u t on any ijsland y e t explored. Its commerce is extensive. T h e steam boat Lady o f the Shanjnon, which is small in comparison w ith oufs, runs every other day b etw een Linierick and Killrush, a vil- T ^ e near the m outh jjf the river on the right bank. T h is city is apparenjtly in a flourishing condition. Fewer beggars are seen in ,the s treets, than in other towns, and the other classes a re morp decently clad.— T h is difference in the aspect of th e town is ascribed to the nuiriber a n d activity of the charitable institutions among which is a house of industry, w h ere eight h u n dred or a thousand are constantly kept employed. T h e re is, however, yet a wide field^ipe^o^melioMitiQr^^ ture of the most dazzling description : the cow moved on, a n d the h o u se wife pursu ed w ith her p a i l : ■ a n o ther clbset was changed, and the ruin-becam e dark and silent as,the grave: the woman groped her way out, the cow w a s never again beard of. L ights were also shen in the dilapida ted castle so insufferably brilliant, that whoever looked a t them became blind.— St. Patrick presented him self one stormy night a t the door o f a c o ttage, and reques ted adm ittance and shelter from the in clemency o f the w e a ther. T h e tenants o f the cabin refused to rise and let him in, lest they should see the light and be struck w ith blindness. H e knew the .cause of their fears,»and gave them a charm a- gainat the influence of the light, pom- mandibg them to cross their faces as soon as it appeared. T h e custom prevails to this day of m aking a cross, when a can dle is lighted. I asked' the guard o f the coach who is an active and intelligent man, possessing a good understanding and sound sense on other s u b jects if he believed these stories. H e replied there\ was no reason why he should n o t ; for S t. P a trick had removed serpents and every thing venemous out o f Ireland : and th a t shows, added he, that he had power to do these things. *The opinion was expressed w ith so much sin cerity, and w ith such gravity o f m anner, thiit his faith w as d istu r h e i by no further interrogatories. T h e coach arrived at Lim erick at 2 o ’ clock. On the left of the road, ju s t as it enters the tow n , a re the unaustentatious residences o f L o rd Lim erick and of thg Bishop, side by s id e ; and on the right a t a little distance, a large and new county gaol, a lunatic asylum, and an infirmary for the sick and* aged. T h a t part of the city through “which we first passed, is handsomely built. T h e streets a re wide, and the houses n early all o f brick, a re spa cious, finished in the m odem style. This is called th e new tow n and is inhabited by the .wealthier portion o f citizens, 'who m ake it m erely a w inter residence. W h ile dinner was prepaiing, we visited the C o u rt House, Custom H o u se, and C a the dral. T h e last is q, v enerable pile, o f^reat antiquity. Around its mouldering walls are the tombs o f tjhe nobility, w ith the bearings o f thoir fomifies, and many in scriptions, some o f which are illegible characters. T h e organ, which is pro fusely ornam ented, and th e tones o f which are said to be uncommonly fine, was cap tured from to e Spaniards by Admiral SPEECH O f M r, J^oah at the '^laying o f the Cor ner Stone o f the \city ^ A rarat, in Buffalo, on the llSto instant. B rothers , Cou^HRy]UsN. aitd F riends , H a v ing m ade known by proclamation, the re-establishm ent of the H e b rew go vernm ent—-having laid the foundation of a city of refuge, a n a ^ lu m for the oppres sed in this free and haippy lepublic, I avail myself o f t h a t portion p f my-beloved b reth- len here assembled, | t o g k h e r w ith this concourse of my fellow citizens, to unfold the principles, explaifi the views, and de tail the objects contem plated in the great work o f regenejation and independence tos, which it has pleased the Alm ighty to di rect my a ttention. T r u th and justice de mand th a t I should candidly s tate the mO- rives which have induced me to aim at Lfaitoer object* t,ibon ipere colonixatum.— T h e world has a right to know w h a t in ducements have led to this declaration of Independence, and w h a t measures are contem plated to carrVHhe design into suc cessful execution. T h e peace of man kind—^the security pf persons and pro perty—the changes incidental to the revi val of the Jew ito governm ent—the pro gress and effect of emigration, and all those vicissitudes a rising from change of climate— new laws apd new society, ad monish me to be explicit in my declara tions and candid ini my statem e n ts. I shall n o t deceive the expectations of the world. » Tw o thousand years have nearly elap sed since the dissolution of the Jewish governm ent, and no jperiod has presented Itself more auspiciously than the present for its reorganizatiPn. Peace exists a- mong civilized powefo, the march of lear ning and science ha$ been rapid and suc cessful, and mankind are at this day bet ter qualified tO' e stim ate the blessings of toleration and liberal views, and better disposed and capacitated to encourage and enforce them , than at any former time. ReligioQ generally, though divi ded and subdivided into various sects, as sumes a milder aspect and feelings o f uni versal love and chairity have superceded the darkness and bijgotry of former ages. T h e nations of the pld and new world in cluding the children of'A frica, have had their rights acknowledged, and their g o vernm ents recognisM . T h e oldest o f na tions, powerful in rjumbers, and great in resources, rem a ins! insolated, without a home, a country or a governm ent. T h e Jew s have bpeu destined by Provi dence to rem ain a distinct people. Though scattered over the face of th e globe they still letain their h o ifiogeneousness^ cha racter—the* peculiarity of their tenets, fhe identity o f their faith. ,In their* pros perity and adversity they have uniformly been the chosen people—proud of their God, proud o f their distinejion, and even proud of their su^eiings. Bending be fore the tribunals jof power, yielding to persecution and torture, tranquil in mis fortune, and resigned to fate, they pa tiently endured) n o t meanly surrendered, they bravely defended th e ir rights and the rights of their Jdouptry,^ and have never despaired o f d iylnebrotection or given up hopes o f hum an jiiMice. Looking forward to a period of regene ration and the fulfillment o f the prophecies, the Jew s have preserved wiithin them selves the elements! o f g o v ernm ent in hav ing carefully preserved the oracles of God assigned to their safe keeping, and the time nas arrived when their rights as a nation can be recognised, when, in the enjoym ents of in d ^ e n d a n c e , the lights of learning and civilisation, and the obliga tion of industry and raoraility they can cul tivate a friendly lind affectionate under standing w ith the [whole family o f man- kind and h ave no fonger enemies on e a rth. In calling the J^w s together u n d e r the protection of the Ataefican Constitution and law s, and go^vhrned by o u r happy and salutary Institutions, it is p roper for me to state, that this asjfium is tem p o rary and never wiJl relinoiffeh the ju ^ t hope of re- g a i n i n g ^ s e s s i o h 6 f their ancient herit- ®g®», an^jeventm in the neighborhood of ^ extraordm a ry change o f a f f a i ^ , T n b H teeltl atff almost (ndependent of the Otfrrmfcn RSirte. T h e Turkish scep tre becQtoe*^ w e a k e r daily. R u ssia will march upon Constantinople. The Egyp tians a r ^ c u l to a ti p g the useful a rts, and ■' . ^ i ^ commerce and agricul- are encourac Almighty through Moses, pre- the cmldren of Israel, forms, BosphoJ-us, may leave the land of Canaan free for the occupancy Of its rightful own- era, t o d th n weaitn and enterprize o f the it desirable for them to reclaun former possession by and with th k e d n s to t o f the Christian pow e rs who m o re e n ^ h te n e d , and consequently more tolprant', may be duly impressed w ith a sense o f Justice due to an injured and oppressed people. Called together to the Holy Land by the slow but’ u n e rring finger o f Provi dence, th e Jew s coming from every quar ter o f th e Globe would br'mg with them the language, h a b its and prejudices o f each country. .Apsimilating only in religious doctrines, tod'divided on tem p o ral affairs, they wou|d.ipresent innumerable difficul ties in organizing u n d e r any form of go vernm ent, and the diversity o f opinions and views would c r e a te factions as dan gerous and difficult to allay a s those fatal ones which e x isted in the times o f the first and secoHd Tem ples. It is in this coun try t h a t to e TOvernment o f the Jew s must be organised.- H e re, under the*influence of p erfect freedom, they may study Laws —cultivate their minds, acquire liberal principles as to. men and measures, and qualify toem selves to cRrect the ener gies o f a iju s t and honorable government in the lapd of the Patriafchs. Conforming therefore to the Constitu tion and L a w s o f the United States, there is no difficulty in organizing and concen trating the Jewish nation. Originally we were a race of s h e p h e rds; each man governed his own family, |p d to the en joym ent of -domestic happmess they ad ded the blessings of a pure religion. Is rael accum ulating in s trength was led to E g y p t, delivered from bondage and con ducted to the promised land, by the illus trious legislator o f the Jew s and the g reat bene&ctor of mankind. T h e moral, po litical and ecclesiastical code of laws which the Almi; sented to even at-Jtbis day, the basis of every civil and r e l i ^ u s institution. T h e victorious Joshua settled the Israelites in the land pf Canaan, and divided it according to tribes. A fter a short interregnum on his death, the g o v ernm ent o f the Judges com menced, which existed 300 y ears, until it merged in thekingdom which commenced with Saul and term inated after a brilliant dpoch in the captivity. T h e government af'the High Priests succeeded and con-> tinned 428 years, followed by the M acca- bean Kings o f Judah, and tne natioh be came finally dispersed nnder Herod the Idutnean. In selecting from the primitive, the j u dicial,-the regal and sacerdotal govern ments, a form best adapted to the times,\ and also to the condition of the Jewish people, I have deemed it expedient to re organize the nation under toe direction of the Judges. T h e authority of the Judges extended to all religious, m ilitary and civil concerns —they were absolute and independent like the Kings of Ikniel and Judah without the ensigns of -Sovereignty. T h e Judg es were iihmedately from the people, mingling in their 'deliberations, directing their gnergies, commanding their armies, anS executing their Laws. T h e office, which was not hereditiry, conforms in some respects to th a t of C h ief M agistrate, and is in accordance with the genius and disposition of the people of this country. It is difficult M this period to decide with certainty on the m anner and forms adopted in choosing the Judges of Israel. Most of the distinguished men who had filled th a t station were “ raised up” by divine influence. T h e ir skill in w ar and wRdom in peace, their valour and expe rience, their capacity lo govern, anti inci dental and necessary qualifications calcu lated to excite public confidence were passports to office. Despised as the nation now is, and no possibility of concentrating the general voice, there can be no just power to g rant —no right to Withhold—the office must be assumed by divine permission, and the power exercised by general consent and approbation. H e who assumes this power, who takes the lead in the great work of regeneration and judges right eously, will always be sustained by pub lic opinion. By this test I wish to be ju ^ e d . Bom in a free country, and educated with liberal principles, familiar with all the duties o f g overnment, having enjoyed the confidence of my fellow-citizens in various public trusts—ardently attached to the principles of our holy faith, and having devoted years o f labor and study to am eliorate the condition of the Jew s, with an unsullied conscience and a finn reliance on Almighty God, I offer m y self as an humble instrum e n t of his divine will, and solicit the confidence and pro tection o f o u r beloved b rethren thmighout the world. If there be any person pos sessing g reater facilities and a more ar dent zeal in attem p ting to restore the Jews to thfeir rights as a sovereign and independent people, to such will I cheer fully surrender the trust. * I cannot b e insensible to the many diffi culties which may present themselves in the successful p rogress of the great work of regeneration. T h e attem p t .may be pronounced* v b ionary and impracticable *i*-the reluctance o f some to countenance too e ffort~th|t tim idity o f others, and the apprehensions o f all may be arrayed a g inst an e n terprize extraordinary and interest ing, but always feasible. I indulge in no chimerical views. I know this county, its ly em b ark in toe undertaking. Firih of purpose, when th e ol^ect is public good, I aUow no difficulties, to c h eck my pro gress. U rged to its consideration by strong and irresistible impulse, the pro ject has always presented itself to me in the most c h e e ring light, in the most allur ing c o lors; and i f the a ttem p t shall result in ameliorating the condition o f the Jews, and shall create a generous and liberal feeling tow a rds theim and open to, them the avenues o f scie J t o , learning, fame, honor and happiness, who snkll say that I have failed ? I ask the trialTLhnd Will a bide the result. T h e H e b rew natipa\T ^ th its sfiblime Theocracy, its moral laws, its warlike character and powerful govemmenfj orig inated in a family of Shepherds. From an ancestry more illustrious, a rose the he roes and sages of Greece, and to tbq neg lected children of the forest w as Rome, once m istress of the world, indebted for existence. From origins the m o st hum ble, and from projects the most doubtful, the world has been indebted for signal benefits and blessings. A few pilgrims, driven to our continent by .European per secution, have laid thfe foundation o f a splendid empire. W e have less difficul ties to encounter, because we are sur rounded by civilization; and a few Jews in this happy land admonished by the past, and animated by anticipations of the fu- ^ ___ ture, may increase rapidly and prosper- ^derwent no m aterial change, ’pccasion- JPatriarchs, ato-tl|verthefoss m b re mild to d to lerto t ih toeir hjeasures, More libe ral and generpq^ t o W affiicted people. ' - T h e settlem ent o f the J e w s in England was coeval with Julius C s s a ^ ; th e m - roads of the SaXonk a n d I J a ^ s fiato t o - Kterat'ed much o f th e torohioW a n d tradi- tions relative to thetf e a rly existence i|i that country. W illm m the Conquero|r brought with him a large ifulbny ft^om Normandy, and for a stipnla^d^sum o f “ money, conferred npop thefii c e rtain com mercial privileges, and ^assigned therja places to inhabit. It was in the feudil ig e s thj^t the Jew s p f B ritain w e re th e most enlightened, tolerant and'polfehe^. Opulent it circumstances, and entctorlsi^ff in the developemept of resource^\ they gave an ^ r i y impetus and direction to th a t tracw and commerce, which ha '3 since extended itself to every quarter d f the globe. D u ring the reign of Williaija Rufus and H e n ry II. the Jews were ‘fa vored and protected, though always con sidered vassals of the crown, to be toleral- ted or pillaged Recording to.the caprieds of government. T h e erqelfies practised towards them during the misguided peri ods of the crusade, caused % 4 hy o f the most respectable to^ abanj^on the country. Several families ho'Wevef, r d ^ n e d under an invitation from King J o h r^to he, agam pillaged, proscribed and m u rdered; ahd for five hundred y ears their condition un- ouisly, and under good goverilment and wholesome laws, may fall b ack in tim e to wards the Pacific ocean, and possess a country the most fertile as it is capacious and valuable. W e have long been cap tives in a land o f s tr a n g e r s : we have long submitted patiently to oppression: we have long anxiously expected a temporal deliverance; but throughout the most terrible periods o f calamity, we have done nothing for ourselves. T h e Almighty, who has covered us with the shield of his\ paternal love has given us moral agents, by which with his divine aid, we are to effect our ow n . d eliverance. W e have senses, judgm e n t, powers of self-govern m ent, energy, capacity and wealth. If, with all these great requisites we still hang “ our harps upon the willow” we shall still cover ourselves with sackcloth and ashes, and do*not m ake one efibrt for independence, how can we reasonably continue to supplicate God for our restor ation, who made man in his own image, and proclaimed him T ree ? W h y should the parent of nations, the oldest of peo ple, the founders. o f religion, wander a- mong the governm ents of the earth, in- treating succor and protection, when we are capable o f p rotecting ourselves ? T h e time has emphatically arrived to do. something calculated to benefit our own condition, and excite the admiration of the world, and v/e must commence the work in a country free from ignoble p reju dices and legal disqualifications— a coun try, in which liberty can be insured to the Jews without the loss o f one drop o f blood. T h e present condition o f our jpeople throughout the world is not without in terest and instruction. The rigMfiil pos sessors of Palestine are slaves in their own territory, and the pious attachm ent of the resident Jew s of the Holy Land, gives them the highest claims on our charity and protection. There a re sever al hundred families in Jerusalem , H e b ron, and Tiberias, three of the most an cient congregations in the world, and the number in the Holy Land may be com puted a t 100,000. Those on the borders of the M e d iterranean a re engaged in trade amd manufactures ; those in the interior, and particularly in Jerusalem , are poor and dreadfully oppressed. They are the great sentinels and guardians of the law and religion^ and amidst the severest pri vations and th e most intense sufferings, they have^for centuries kept their eye up on the ruined s ite of the temple and said, “ the time will come— the day will be ac complished.” T h e Sam aritan Jew s, which formerly were numerous and scattered o- ver Egypt, Damascus, Ascalon and Caes-^ a r e ^ are reduced to a few hundred poor inoffensive persons, principally residents of Jaffa and Naplouse. As there is no essential difference between theiir doc trines and the rest of our brethren, the distinction betw een them should edase.— T h e C a raite Jew s, who are numerous, are principally residents of the Crimea and the Ukraine, and are a respbctable body of men. They reject the Talmud and rabbinical doctrines adhering [closely to the precepts o f our divine law. I On the borders of Chochin Chino, we |iave a large colony of white and black ^ews.— T h e ir numbers are computed a t , 10,000. T h e white Jew s reside on the sek coast, and the black in the interior. T h e blacks, who call themselves Bent Israel, must have existed at the time o f the fi:-st tem ple. T h e researches in the interior of Africa may a t some future period, give ns immense colonies of Je^v^ v?hicn emi grated at an early period \ r o m Egypt. T h e re are on the coast of M alabar and Coromandel, and in the interibr <j>f India, a considerable num ber o f wealthy! and en terprising Israelites. M easures i will be adopted to ascertain their force qnd con dition. Upwards of a million and a half of Jew s reside in the dominions of the O t tom an Porte, iacluding the Barbary States. In Constantinople and Sjalonichi, there cannot be less thaii o n e ! hundred thousand. , T h e y suffer' much jfrom t o e oppression of the T u rks—are. severely taxed and treated w ith undisguised severi ty ; but their skill in trade and their g e n eral quickness and intelligerice,! as bank ers, b rokers and m erchants, give them the entire control o f commerce andf-command of im p o rtant confidential* 8tati,bns in the empire; T h e sam e c h a racter a n d eoUdi- tioa may b e likewise attributed to those num erous Jew s residing in E ^ y p t and ih P e r s ia; they hav% many w e a lthy men in Alexandria, Cairo, Ispahan, amd t o e nu merous cities beyond the EuphiM es. • Prom countries yet unc^ilized, we turn to those, which, still witijholding the Drake. W e climbed this edifice, which I provisionary. Thh'Jews neyer should and soil, climate and resources, and confident--[rights of man from the d ^ c e n d ^ ts'of toe ally protected, but too freqvteqtly ojli- pressed, deprived of the natural rights of subjects and citizens, it was not s u rpri sing th a t the Jews in England, during those periods, acquired w ealth without consideration, aqd power without respCcf. During the reign of George II. a bill was introduced in Parliam ent for the,paturali- zation of the Jews. It was supported by the ministry, though opposed wjth warmth by the people, and produced gteat excite ment in the public mind. It nevertheless became a law ; but such was the stfenu-. o'us opposition'mapifested on the occasion, that it was considered prudent to repeal it a t the ensuing session. T h e same le gal disqualifications still exist in G reat B ritain, but it is g ratifying to know, t h a t the governm ent aifords to the Jew s cer tain rights, immunities and protection, and our people in that country, in addi tion to wealth and influence, a re rapidly advancing in the career of learning and civilization, o f charity and libera! feelings. T h e miseries inflicted upon our nation in England, during the Crusade, extended their unhappy consequences to Prance.— T h e Jews were among the earliest set tlers in Gaul, and by their superior talent and advantages, endeavored to encourage and extend civilization among the rude and barbarous people. T h e ir sufferings, banishments, and massacres, during the r ^ n s of Philip Augustus, Lewis the ninth, vPhilip the Fair, Philip the Tall, Charlefi the Sixth and several successive kings, t o the sanguinary pages o f history, and p regtot ^ list o f enormities that makes hum am ty shudder. In 1566, they were all banished the kingdom, and in the succee ding year, only four families were permit ted to return. In the 17th and 18th cen tury, they were gradually^ perm itted to rc-occupy their former places o f residence, though still exposed to the scorn of the ignorant and the insults o f the barbarians, and such feelings were encouraged and perpetuated by an edict of the govern ment compelling them to wear a distin ctive dress. During the French Revolution the Jew s claimed from the constituent Assembly, the rights of c itizens; many enlightened statesm en espoused their cause, and the decree o f 1790 g ave them a legal existence. Among the philanthropists o f the a g e who raised his voice successfully in their be half, was my venerable and pious friend, the Bishop Gregoire, to whom the Jew s owe an incalculable debt o f g ratitude.— T h e civil revolution in the condition of our brethren in Prance, gave rise to the following one, which resulted from the proceedings of the Sanhedrim , convened at Paris, by the decree o f 180G, and which presented to the wo^ld a galaxy of talent and learning which would t o honor to any age or country. T h e Jew s in France are citizens, and the Charter granted by the good k ing, Louis the X V III. confirmed all their rights. They are m anufacturers, agriculturalists, m erchants and bankeis, and many of them possess distinguished talents. T h e history o f o u r people in SpainJs of peculiar interest. Spain was a fountry dear to the Jew s, and after their disper sion, the s e a t of learning and the birth place of o u r g r e a te^ s c h o lars. T h e Jew s first appeared in Spain, d u r ing the reign of the Em p eror Adrian, and in his tim e w e re num erous and w e a lthy, but like our brethren in Britain and F rance, their lives and property w ^ re held by a frail teiiure and the G o ths e x ercised a lucrative oppression over this proscribed and unhappy people. A fter the expulsion of the Jew s from Syria and Egypt, they joined the Saracens and aided them in the conquest o f Spam- Favored by the Caliphs and united lay a reciprocal hospitality tow a rds the* c h p s- tians, the Jew s found asylum and pro|bq- tion from the Saracen M onarchs, and'^lbe most b rilliant epoch in our M story frbm the destruction of the tem p le,m ay be trac ed to this perio^. In the early ages the Jew s w e re enlightened and learned i n t o e Law , they w e re foes o f pngmiism, the Spain th a t they cultivated th e scienbes, and establisjied seminaries o f learning, and schools o f literature and philosophy. T h e revolutions in th a t country com-' menclng in th e eleventh century, eventu ated u n f o rtu n a tely f o r th e J e w s , t t o d 4 ^ w a r d eclared by Ferdinand ag a in s t w Saracens, was the comm enceM tot troubles attd calamities, jpluring th e e- leventh and twelfth centuries many learn ed Rahbjs a p p e w e d , which did honor to the a g e and country, T h e y w e re not on- Jy dee^dy v e sted iitcabaiistical, aUegorical ■ ^ k 4 m f I . . ■ t I > m ■ «| . -r' •'d FI 4 M F t 111 I •%\ r ■4 M ; r J . '.*• I ■ ■mi A .Z'J • ■ J ■ ■ ■ ■' '
