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f& bomb smr jiuoks. P 1 Vlt (.tft In ElRhtrcnOi t'sntury rnitlattd- -. 1 Wilt Gerund Nolle. Ip Wo wero obliged Inn protlouanollco to ovor j Ifyjf look muny InUrostlng chapters In Mr. W- lw, tUU00HX0tBTxr.X'fIlitlorvafelantHnth 1 IPs; . StMnUi (Vnfiav. livon now wo mutt necei I A'- - tartly team unconsidered omo of th topics If, dlMUMtd In hi ontcrtalnlng volume. Tliorn i rotwo subject, howovor. about whlcli llltlo 1, comparatively In known, ruvraly. tlio oondl 1C 0Q ' Provincial \' AUl1 \l0 9tttt0 f eduoa- - l , lion In eighteenth century Ungland. To thoso, W hrefor. wo shall coY.Rco ourtetros after Uf brief gUnoe nt tho nrauomeat of tho British 1 fc, metropolis In the Ooorslan or. f \\\ 1 , Tn London Iheatros nood not dtain nt, (or i il.s onJItlan cf liio British etogo undor tho 1 r atlor Hanoverian sovereigns lia boon made lbs thusi if Innumorablo nrllcloo In Uio 1 frtodlaal literature-O- t our own day. Neither 1 j \lortA &nr or.o deslro (o bear Vauxhall and Ilanelagli Gordons dosorlbod for tbo hun-I- I drodlh time. How pcoplo comported thoin-I- I I Mlvos In lUcsn linlls of pleasuro wo havo j (carnal from a multitude of paragraph in 1 1 contemporary tiewtpanors and of passages In tha writings of essayists nnd novelist. Let II j; m look rat her at what Mr. Sydnoy has to tell 1 usabout ilrumf. hurricanes, rldottos. festluos. jl - nnd roancunraOos. Tho first two of theso at-- 1 11 1\ 'Kimbtlflw woro really nothing moro than over- - I i crowded parties: oecorillnc to Francis Covon- - try. th author of tbo \History of Poroprylho II Utile.\ tbo aim of a drum or hurrloano was to asscmmV na largo a nnmbor of people of 1 quality as could possibly ho contained In 1 one liouso. and great wsro tbo honor 1 said to tbo ladles who could boost of tbo largott orowd. For this purpose a woman lr of tunic would onlcuUto how many people dl tlti rooms In her house could hold, and f irouli'. then f end. about 'two months boforo-- imnd. tobeapoakauchnnumbertVHBhothought wrculd fill thorn. What was a rldotto? The following nxtract from ft letter of Mrs. Ton-- l. lnrhostoMrs. Anno Granville will supply the i.ttswor: \ (.ait Thursday I wont to the rldot- - to. Tho hour it begins (a l. but polite compa- - jl tiy does not como till 11. Tho room Is set out !a tho samo manner as torn masquerade: It I the moat entertaining sortof nnassouibly. bo- - II (.much you am nt llborty to wander about as much as you p'oase. and there I dancing, too. HI, loffoe, obocolut,o. and all sortn of rtwoetments. I Thoio van ii prodiclous crowd; they daucod III UiUl half after 1.\ Fostinos woro much Jiioio attra:tlvo seenos. Tho foltawlne do-I- n \rrlptlon of ''no held at Northumberland j , House In tfi In from one of lloraoo Wnlpolo's letters: \Not only tho wludo bouio, but the h Karduii, woa tllumlnntod. nnd was quite a fairy y hemw. Aiclios mid pyramids of llahts nl- -l litrnntoh Miirroumlod the onolojuro: a dla- - j. mon.l necl.-l.ic- of lamps odi;od the rails and j; decent with p. spiral obollsl; of candles ou nch bnnd. and dlxparsed over tbo lawn were j, llttlo bands of kottlo drums clarionets, pipes, II ) Ac nnd the lovely moon, who enrao without a card.\ l All tlieso forms of social diversion, how-- cvor. paled boforo tho mania for mas-- H nuor.idofl. which first bocamo fashionable I; tmdor tho famous Hoydoceer in tbo early part ot tho eighteenth century, when thay woro usually held during tho season ut tho KInc'a theatre In tho llnymarkct. Tickets were .p issued only to suhscrlborsnt Whito'H Chocolato Tiouso In James street, nnd no effort was p eparod to exclude tbo common herd. Feoplo 1, of nmility were requested through tho news-- r(y rnpers to refrain from lending their names In order to obtain tickets for others, or If they III' i ' had moro than they required to loso no time hi In sending them back to tbo nflleo wbero tho A ! money paid for thorn would be rcfundod. In 111\' uplteof tbeo prernutlons masauerados wero f rroductlvu of Infinitely moro evil than good. 1$ The Episcopal bench Invoighed against their Tollies and vlcos. tho pools and essayists ,,. ' r lashed thorn, and Anally the Ornnd Jury of Middlesex presented them ns gonoratlvo of ' impious nnd Illegal practices. Xcvertheloss. f masauerados seom to have held their ground, , j t mid nice, peoplo rontliiuod to patronize Hoy-Hj- ll ; .' deggor in (ho first half of tho century nnd ? Mrc. Cornolys in the second half. Atamas-H- J c (liiorudoheld in 1741) which ono of tho maids ' of honor. Miss Chudlelgh? subsequently tho I f ' notorious Duchess of Kingston, attended in the ' ' culso of Anilronicdn. thorn were present tho I Prlncoftsof Wales l royal family. Wnlpoln reeonls thnt in Feb- - $ . ruary, 1770. when John Wilkes, member for Middlesex, liud uttnined tjio nemo of lilporu- - larlrj-- . the Houho ot Commons adjourned to t? , attend a subscription masquerade hold in Solio ' \ ' lit Cnrllslo liouso. tho very famous templo of t' fashion established by tbo d 1 lire. Cornolys. who was a Gorman singer. Tho nssembly room known as Almack's was oponed in Tobruary, 1705. by a Scotchman ns iirtvitlot Mrs. Cornolys's establishment Bo- - H ', t ween 177 nnd 1702 tbo groat placo lor mas- - k iueradcs was thoFnnthoon.of which Ooorgo f HL nnd rucIi great ladleii as tho Duchess of J ' Dcvonslilrn weio hnldtues Xotwithetandlng X thoxogneof themnsk ImlUnt tho Pantheon, B m ono lif.d thoni doclurod 'iJ, In He; IV;!;ni;ii'i(i' .Vugmina that ho S '! must \horloiisly tlctvy them ns snbvtr- - kIvo of virtuo and uvory domestic point jL f honor,\ nnd an Iilsb clnreyninn who visited .y r.ng!nndl:i 1775 noted in his diary that tho I ttdo ludlesi at tiie XUnthoou woro io&t to nil '',', enr.tiu of modesty. Wo may ndd thnt tho HJ f, d'li'.eo must In voguo during tho last century H j neio tho country mid the minuet. Just H, ', liefoi'O dnncliiE hogau tho ladloii who woro i i-- procnt threw do.'ii their fnn-- i upon ntublc. A t i tfonrloiitan then udviuKvd. took up n Cm. and invited tho ir.dyto whom itbelonged to become ' hln partner. Wo vruiild nWo. boforo taking lonvoot Mr. Hydaoy's ehnptnr on tho amuso- - tnontsottho last century, hay u word about K, tl oomportniout ot Indies at tho piny. Women S; of quality, it seems, couductod themselves In tbo manner detained by rioldlng In ono iv bthia musical fnrcoiC'Mlns Lucy in Town\) t ' wborcln n conr.tn-br- od duniBoi, Mrs. HJ y Thoma. lunoeontly Inquires of Mrs. Tawdry what One ladles cuotonmiily did whim attend- - Hh t lnc tho \whatd'yo call them, your plays?\ ',; \Why. If they rnn.\ liar informant loplios, St \thoy take n stugo box whero they let tiio footmausU the llrst two acts to show Ii!j llv- - f ory, tlioi. thoy como in to show thomsulvos, K aprend thulr funs upon tho pikes, make ucour- - P fi tcsy to their nciiuaiutancos. nnd then talk nnd is, i lauob rh loud as thoy nro able.\ \ O. delight- - r; fui!\ Mrs. Thomas exclaim', \lly cole, I f$ find thora m nothing lit a fine lady; my ono K i;f nny bo a fluo lady, if that bo all.\ ?i ' Thodlillnsulslilii;; fualu.-- o cf m:litsh pin- - ff vluvlallli'u in thu last vji'.tuiy iv.is tno alr.ioit 'A cojuplcto Isolation vl country lowiu uud !l- - h fago from uucli other, uud fortUn'l from tho metropolis. A dozon idIIoj ot miry mid well- - - i niiili inip.iasably rond. or u river over which KL ?S nobody had doomed it worth wiiilo to throw t'fc . .ev'vn .1 wooden bridge, thon Imposed almost as B i iir.icn rostncrtoii upon Intercourse as tho At- - B 'i' UctleOoeaii now docs upon travel bctwoou imlnnd ami the United 8:uto. Thaio woro H nimiydistrict&Iii ivliic.'i tbo Attddcn uppcar- - umoiio.' iitivivol!irartv.:o.l as much curiosity W unions tlio natives as tli.ic of an Ilr.gliiliinan ! vxcitert nowadays among (bo podwinl luhab- - it.iuta on tho north oo:wt of Ireland, itwasno H' utiMramon thing for JTritf tlxls villagers to set thoir dog on stranger in tho streets. As lata H wi the oloslng years of tho eighteenth vontury Hkv ihero exlttiid at Bolton In Lauconhlru a savago custom of maltreating stranger called \trot- - t'ac'\ '\ w,,lcl1 ,,l0' ,Toro eubiecrej to down- - rsBi 'i r'c,,t brut1 u\aco 'Xho truth Is that nine- - B\A touth of the dwellers In the provinces under Bf\ ib first kings of tho liouso of Hanover hud BtW\ KCJiri:lr any menus o( aciulrlng kuowlcdgu of Jljc iiii;thlm; outsldo their veiy narrow eplioro. fl Nowsnd tlidii perhaps somn Loudon pneciiinn. AIH' (luwl.lug hii wn in a 6cquotctod HI IgllUui- - i 'iM-ff- Mod. would favor his cistomors with n few (k Itemi Df Information touching what woa .Ugj1 , uoln.sr en In tho crcit Unl.ol which lit had Wfn ' tft't L'Ohlnd blm; or it might Imppco that u atnlnod and tattered copy ot a Londouor couu-tr- y newspaper would find 1U way from tbo liouso of somo nolchborlnggnntlorann Into tho kitchen ot the vlllago inn, whero Its tnoagro contents would bo read nnd reroad bytomo ono possussod of n good pulr of lungs to a orowd of gaping clodhoppr whom it fur- nished with food tor reflection for half a year. According to Mr. Bydaey nothing can bo moro erroneous than tbo notion that tho squlros of olghtoontli onturjr England bora any recomblauoo to their modern counter- parts, or wero lu any sonso tho prototypes of Addison's Sir Moger do Oarerlor or Gold- smith's Sir William Thornton. On tho othar hand. If wo dlvost of Its crossor features Flolillng portrait of Squire Westoru. it answers very .well Torn representative of a large and Influential class for At least tho first sixty rears otlho !att oontury. Mr. Hrdnoy's rolling has convl&ead him that thero is no exaggorallo'j in Utx language ot a writer in tho Connoineia: who said that the majority of tho squires woro as moro vogetablos whlcli crow up and rottod on tho iinmo spot of ground. Tho career of ono was tho caroer of n hundred. First ho dawdled away a oouplo of years at one ot tho universities, which ho gAnornlly lott without taking a dograo nnd with but llltlo addition to his previous scanty alore of knowledge beyond a fow for brewiog punch and an intlmatoao-nualntnnc- o with tlio mysteries of ombre, t, nnd loo. Having entered Into poises-sln- n ot his estate, lit hunted the fox flvo daysa woek. and generally appeared In publlo habit- ed In n plain drab or plush coat, orutiiuontod with largo sllvor buttons, a jockey cap, brooch-o- s. and top boots. Usually ou ono day In each week he sat down t dinner with tho attorn oys nnd juetioos nt an inn in th nearest market town, and on other days In tlio brief Intorvnls of leisure which the clioae ndordod blm, ho perucod tho county nowspaper or Imdon nows letter, nnd settled tho dlsputeo botweon thoomcorsofthoparlshnta vestry uieptluit. after which ho ropairod to tho nearest alo house, whore he oostrlred to got ns drunk as possible within a vory short space of tlnio. Aa a general rulo he im- bibed nothing stronger than ale, but on such festive oeoaslons as tho commemma-ratio- n of the Gunpowder l'lot. Olirlatrans Day. nnd Twoltth Night ho would brow a bowl of strong brand punch nnd garnish It with toast and nutmog. Whenever ho took hla walks abroad a coiipto of greyhounds nnd a polutor Invariably followed at his heels, and whonovor he nrrlvod nt the bonso of n f riond or neigh- bor ho was wont to announce tho fact by a oraefcot his whip om lond \Hallo!\ On tbo sovonth day ho would bend his stops in tlio di- rection of tbo parish church, enter tho family pew. and Indulge In a nap during the best part of the service. His travels soldotn transcended the distance of tho county town, and ho went thither only for tho purpose of attending the asslres. tho aosAIons. or an election. Tho pros- pect of a journey to tho capital he looked upon with as much awo as his successors would a voyage to tho north polo. Tbo Bquiro's residence, was ordinarily fash- ioned either of plaster striped with timber or ot rod brick; it had largo bow windows and a porch furnlshca with seats. In the rear of tho prcmlsos was a stablo yard where roposod n state a rusty, battorod-lookln- g box designated by courtesy tho family coach. Tbo gardon was planted with hollyhocks, roso bushes, currant trees, and asparagus; closobythe gate would be placed n horso block. From tho ceiling of tho hall would danglo liugo flitches ot bacon, nnd the mantelpieces would bo ornnmentod with guns and fishing rods ot all shapos and bIzos, besides an array of broadswords, parti-zan- s, and daggers borne by ancestors of the family in time ot war. Powder horns and stag hornB would occupy vacant spaces on tho wuUs, whereon, too. would perhaps be postod a stained and dog-oare- d nlmanne moro than two years old and n sot of thogolden rnlcsof Charles I. In tho window scat would bo found tho literature of tho household, including \ Baker's Chronicle,\ Fox's \Book of Martyrs.\ Glanvll on \Apparitions.\ the \Oomplcto' Justice.' and ono or two treatises bearing on the sub- ject of farriery. In tho corner by tho fireside stood n large, wooden d chair and u couple of seats In tho chimney cornor. Tho best parlor, which was ncvor opened save on special occasions, was furnished with Turkoy worked ohalrn nnd hung around with por- traits of thu ancestors of tho family. Tho progenitors of tho sterner sox figured as shop-her- ds holding crooks in their hands, but other- wise in full dross nnd porukos. Tho womon woro depicted irt tho gulsoof Shcphonlessos wearing high heels and tower- ing headdresses. Tho equlro's lady und daughters passed most ot their tiruo in preparing different kinds of cordial waters. In curing marigolds. In making pastry, and in concocting salves, elcctunrios. juleps, and purges for tho uso of their poor neighbors according to tho receipts contained In Mrs. Glasso's Cookery Book. Tlio chief companion of tho squlro was a Lovlto that is to say. n clerk lu holy orders who for tho modest sum of $50 n year and his board dis- charged tho doublo functions of domestic chaplain and factotum, who in addition to dig- ging for nn hour or two dally in the garden or tho orchard, was required to bring thu hope of thu family through tho wenrluomo rudiments ol learning, to chock the rent book mid tho miller's scoro. to shoo tho horses, to suy draco at tnoals. aud to withdraw as coon us the cheese and tarts made their appouraoco ou tho table. Next lu Importnncu to the squire In n country vlllago ranked tho parson, who at that period too often will :v pluralist, passing in that cnpa-ill- no Inconsiderable poriion of the year either In tho capital, at Doth, or Tunnridgo Woltf. If resident, ho wat detestably In tho dlsoharao ct his pnctoml duties divested of his coarser halts may pass for ninny a rector of u rural parish In the Georgian era. Uu week duys the roV4rond gentleman might Iinvn been seen lilting tho dung cart In dry weather and pull- ing hemp In wot. or planted on n pnr.nlor with a pair of cccsno.\ turkeys bobbing out their heads from bononth his caaonluiiK It lu doiihtbs.1 true, hm Mr. Sydney suggests, that the low .'r!in;.t!on In which bo many ot tlu rural clergy in tho last century yura held, was line to tlio fact that the vrevi hoUIoiu ovorrlch In this world's goods. When wo boar in mind that they were ofton forced to el;o out n ou a stipend omaller thuii tho wages of mi agricultural laborer, wo ccaso to marvel that tiio spiritual shephords of Aicadla iliould havo exhibited servility and coarseness, und. instead of associating with gontlcmen, should often have been found In thu kitchen of tho vll- lago nluliouim with a hottlo of nlu ami a pipe. Ah to tho life led by tho cottagcrb and labor- ers Mr. Sydney liao no doubt that it was de- cidedly less enjoyable under tbo George j than ItisundorVlctorl.'u In tho first placo, educa- tion being In a deplorably retrograde condi- tion, tho agricultural laborer was qulto un- equal to tho task ot either Instructing or di- verting his mind by reading. Then, again, all tho sport, suali as quintain, wakon. and Whit-io- n aieo. which had lent charms to English rural llfo In tho sixteenth century nnd tho early part of the sowmloontli. woro now nlmost ex- tinct, thanks lo tho projuOiotM of Puritanism. On tlio othtsr bund, tho variolic field games and pastimes ol tlio piobont day woro nnyct Inthoir lufincy, und conso'iuenrly tho author ot these volumes arrives nt tho eoucluslon that poor Hodge, in tho \lovely bowers of Innocence nnd caso\ of elchtocnth oonturr England, was too ofton forced to seoU his solo recreation for mind aud body, like tho knife grinder ot tbo \Auti-Jacobln- .\ la nt tho Chequers,\ ill. In tho chapter on education wo have looked with ospeclal Intorestat what Mr. Sydney has to toll us about tho stato ot tho universities about tho mlditloot thu last century. Lotun ilrst premisii i word, howovcr. about thu tomliiluo Instruction, which began, it acpnis, about tiio ago ot eight, nnd ended coon aft.jr nrteun, or at tho very latest sixteen. For tho most pal t it was limited to certain' d accomplishments, to wit. wino slight 'ir fi i n ' mi ' \ ii proficiency in dancing, a llltlo voc'al nod In- strumental music, perhaps a smattering of a latiguago other than liar own (of Iholnttorher Igaoratico would bo profound), and us much kuowlodgo of \accorapts\ as would by and by enable lior to compute with accuraey her gains nnd losses ot tho liaenrd or faro tables. Any lady ot ton in tho last csutun who could road tolerably woll and wlio oould legibly writn hor own name was sot down by all whoso opinion wns worth baring as n learned woman. If sho was further equal to the feat of occa- sionally Indicting a Vlraelout epistle, sho wns universally acknowledged n brilliant wit Undoranrolroumstanc hor education was considered finished when sho had eo'mplcttd hor sixteen jroar. Thereafter she pasaod Into London oir provincial society, whero hor chief ond nnd aim was to display what attractions sho possessed to tho best possible advantage, and th contract u merrlego with some person of uuallty without delay. Passing to the two notional universities, it is ovldout that thoy did not during tho Goorglan era answer oithor ot tho purposos ot acad- emical institutions. Thoy were neither offl-cle- nt instructors ot youth, nor woro thoy foci of onllgbtohmont. Dr. Johnson, whoontored Pembroko College, Oxford. In 1758. tells us that his tutor asked him why ho had boon ab- sent from lectures for'many bucccssIvo days \I answored I had been Blidlng in Christ Church meadow. And this I said with as much nonchalance as I am now talking to you.\ In 1753 tho F.arl of Chostoflotd wrote: \ Whon I took my son away from school I to send him directly nbro;td, as I had been at Oxford myself.\ Writing from Christ Chutchlu 1735 to hi? friend Gray, the pool. West says: \ Consider mo very seriously hero in a strange country, inhabited by thing3 that call themselves doctorn nnd masters of nrls: a country flowing with syllogisms ond alo. whero Horaoo ond Virgil nro equally unknown.\ This description ot Oxford is mate hod by tho irony ot Gray, who. referring lo Cambridge as It was in his day. says: \Surety it was of this place, now Oambrldco. buttormerly kuown by tho name ot Babylon, that tno prophet spnko when he said 'tho Wild boasts ot tho des- ert shall dwell thorc. nnd their houses 6hall lx fall of doleful oronturos. and owls shall build thorc, and satyrs shall dance thoro: tholr fotts and towors shall be a dna forever, a joy of wild nsseV'&c Gibbon tells its in his momulm that the year nnd two months ho spout nt Mag- dalen College. Oxford, woro tho most idle and unprofitable of his whole lite, nnd he adds, \ to the University ot Oxford I aoknowledgo no ob- ligation; nud sho will ns choorfully ronounoo me for n son as I nro willing to disclaim her for a mother.\ That Gibbon had warrant for his reprobation Is acknowledged by tiio present Wnrdon of Morton College. Oxford Uo finds Gibbon's estimate ot tho university In th mid- dle ot the last contury conflrmod by un ex- amination of tlio acadomlcal tocord. If we mayjudgo by the statistics of matriculation the nation at largo had lost confidence in Ox- ford instruction. It is equally certain that Oxford contributed for less than in former ngos to polities or religion. Notwithstanding tho adverse testimony of tho poot Gray, duo partly porhaps to his dlsllko for mathomatles, thoro is roason to bcliovo that in Intellectual attainments Oxford wns outstripped by Cam- bridge during the eighteenth century. Wo may note finally that at both Oxford and Cambrldgo tho undergraduates dressed regularly for din- ner in whito waistcoats, white stockings, and low shoes, and woro their wigs, fully combed, curlod. nnd powdorod. A powdering room was to bo found In ovory house. It Ib scarcely necossary to add that hard drink- ing was tho besetting sin ot university soci- ety in tho Georgian era. What tho nvorngo Oxford undergraduate's propensities woro in tlio reign of Georgo I. may bo inferred from a rominlscecco of Dr. Johnson, who had been a neody student In a by no moans opulent col- lege. Ho told Boswell that ho remembered when at Pembroke Oollego drinking three bottles of port at a sitting without feeling muchthowof8lorit ' 'M.W. H. Xqa Moltlte'a History or the Franco-Herma- n War. Ono of tho most Important military histories Whiah has ever bcon given to tho world is the account of The Franco-Germa- n War by Count Yon Moltke. an English translation of which has just been published by tho Harpers. This narrative of grrat ovonts bythochiefnerorin them must always occupy a conspicuous placo in tho small class of first-han- d authori- ties to which Crcsar'a commentarlea on tho Gallic wars and tho autobiographies of Grant and tihorman belong. Tho data furnished by such works are of Imperlshatle value, however divergent and even conflicting may be tlio deductions drawn from them by subsequent expounders ot tholr military and political significance. In onu respect this book by the orgonizor ot his country's triumph in tho Franco-Gorma- n war bears a singularly cIobo resemblanco to tho work ot tho great Boman General. It is marked by tho samo simplicity, one might almost say austerity, of treatment, and by tho samo near approach to ofTacement of the writer's per- sonality. In tho ono caso ns In tho other, tho use of tho first personal pronoun Is rigorously avoided, and tho render who had no other sources of information would bo ns unlikely to dlvino tho rolo of Von Moltko in tlio cam- paigns ot 1870-7- 1 as he would io guess from the famous commentaries tho part which Qcsar played upon the same stugo ot action somo nineteen conturies before. Tho bpecios ot noblo pride whleh bears tlio outward somblanco ot humility nud makes men of tho Moltko typo shrink from a recital of tholr own achievements, was not usllv re- conciled to tho composition oven of io cold nnd eoloiless a lceord as that which is now laid bofrae us. Wo learn fr.nn tho profneo that ho had often bnen Importuned in vain to iiiulco uso of his loUaire hours nt his country placo lu noting down some of Ida recolle- ction! Ho always objected, we nro told, in tho following words: \Rorythlng official that 1 have lum occasion to wiltv, orthnt Is worth remembering, la t b seen in the nrahlvcH of tho Htuff Corps. Jly perK'niul hud In I tor !. burled with ino.\ For memoir in ecnornl hojuid mi i.vir!oa on tho ground that thoy only served to gratify the writer's vanity and often contributed to distort important hiutoricnl esouts bythos'.iDJectho views of mi Individual aud tho Intrusion of trivial details. It could easily happon. ho thought, that the character of a man which should lu history stand forth in migust sim- plicity might bo hideously dlsllgured by tho uarmtivo of cortaln personal txpcrlenoon, and that tho Ideal halo which had HUrrounded liiin might thus bo destroyed. It appears that ou ono of tlieso occasions ho uttered somuclmr-nctciisli- u words whleh will help tho rer.dor of this narrative to understand why tlio figures of Emperor William I., ot his wn, tho Crown Prluce. and of Prlnco Ficdorlck Charles, nro kept perpetually In the fore- ground. Vun Moltko's wotijs wero: \All that can bo published bt tho history of a war PI necessarily colored by Urn event, but It In a pious and patriotic duty novor to dlcturb tho prestlgo which connects rriluln high persou-Rgo- s with tho glory of our army.\ Ho admitted, nevcriliolpsr. that tho official history of the rr.inuo-Clornn- n war, complied under his niipoHlMon by the General Bluff, was too full of details and far too technical to bo followed with Icteiost. or even comprehen- sion, by tlio general reader. An abridgement was by implication acknowledged to bn nooessary. and tills Yon Moltke was ulti- mately iuducod to mako. beginning it in tho spring of 1637 and completing tt in January of the following yeur, His purpose was to glvo a concise, intelligible, nod popular account of the stupendous duel between Germany and Franco, but while this aim was pot lost sight of in tho book boforo us, tho author could not belli contemplating thu subject from his own vfowpoiut nf Cliiuf uf the Gcncial Stuff, nnd ho accordingly nrrutigod events In connection with a gonoi'iil RCliomo whloli could only bo kno.wu nt headquarters. Tho' work consequently embodies uot uuly a record i ti i mammimiut r iiiiib m nif of facta but at tho samo tlmo the Field Mar-(dia- l's private opinion of their meaning and of tlio lossons which should bo drawn from thorn. Tho partpt Von Moltko's riarrativo to whloh 'wo ihill direct particular attention is that dealing with tho preparations for war on both 'Hides. And wo shall Only be able toclanooour-sorllyl- st tlio battles ot Noullly. Vlonvlllo. and Gravolotte, tho baltloot Bodan, tho first abor-tir- o poace negotiation, tho capitulation ot Mote. tho frustration ot Gambetta'a attempt to organize resistance behind tho Loire, tho sur- render ot Paris, and tho final terms ot pcaoc, 1. boglno his narratlvo by pointing out that the days are gono by whon for dynas-tlo- al enda Bmall armies ot professional soldlors wont to war to conquer a city or a provlnco nnd thon sought winter quarters or mado peace. Tho wars of tho prosont day call wholo nations to arms, nnd thero Is scarcoly a family whloh does not suffer by thorn. Tho entire financial resources of tho State nro appropri- ated to Uio purpose and the different soasons ot tho year havo no bearing on the progress ot hostility. As long as nations oontlnuo inde- pendent ot oaoh other thoro will bo disagree- ments that can only bo settled by forco of arms : but In tlio luterost ot humanity it is to bo hopod that wars will become loss froquont as thoy havo become moro terrible. You Moltko n oonvlctlon by whlcli less observers may be surprlsod, namely, that gonerally speaking it is no longor tho ambition ot monarchs which' ondangors tlio ponco ot the wofld. Tho causes of international conflict info rather, ho thinks, popular passion, tho dis- satisfaction of wholo communities with their internal conditions and affairs, tho strlfo of parties and tho lutrlguo ot political loaders. A declaration of war li. lu You Moltko's opinion, moro easily elicited from a lnrso .issombly. nono of whoso moinborit beam Iho solo respon- sibility for consequencna, than It Is from a single man, Unwover oxaltud his position and howovor absolute Ida power. In other woids. a peace-lovin- g sovereign Is less rare than a Parllamout composed ot wis-- ) mon. It is, in- deed, roundly assorted by Yon Moltko that tho great wars wltnossed by tho rresent genera- tion havo beon declared against tlio wish ot tho rolgning power. In our days ovon the Stack Exohaugo has acquired such influence that it Is ablo to cull armies Int? the field moroly to' protect its in- terests. Thus Moxtoo and Egypt havo boon swnmpod with European nrraios simply to sat- isfy tho demands of financiers. In (Inc. tho question, \ Is n nation strong enouch to mako war?\ Is y ot loss importance than Iho other quobtlon, \Is its government powerful enough to prevent war!\ A weak govern- ment must be regarded as a stauding menuco to puoco. uud. It was precisely tho weakness of tho Kapoloonlo vugimo which mr.do tho wnr of 1870-7- 1 unavoidable. Von Moltko's view of tho baarlng of tho Internal polltlc.il situation of Franco on hor attitude toward Prussia isi now almost universally accoptod as cor- rect. A Napoleon on tho French throno was ioundto make good his claim to reign by political and military succossos. Only for u tlmo did tho victories won by Fronch arms in distant countries roconclle tho French peoplo to tho omplre. Tho triumphs ot tho Prussian arm I os excitod Jculoiisy; thoy wero regarded ns a challenge: and tho French demanded for Sadowa. Tho French Emperor was indcod aware that ho was by no moans In per- fect readiness for a great war; nevertheless tho question ot tho suoaosslon to tho Spanish throno had to sorvo as a pretext for declaring it. Tho French reserves woro called out on July 10. 1870. and four days later tho French declaration ot war was delivered at Borlln. II. Lot us see now what, according to tlioajym-doubtod- ly authentic data at Von Moltko's' dis- posal, were tho resouroes on both sides. First as to the Fronch forcos: Ono division was or- dered to the Spanish frontier as a corps of observation s Paris and Lyons were snfllcicntly garrisoned, and such troops ns woro abso- lutely necessary woro loft In Algeria and in Clvltn Vccchla. All tho other soldlors at tho disposition ot tho omplro. to wit. 332 battalions of infantry. 11110 squadrons of cavalry, and artillery men sufficient to handle 0\'4 cannon in all nbout 300.000 mon composed tho army ot tlio Ithlno. This was dlvidod into eight corps, whleh. at any rate in tho first wero to bo dlrocted by ono central hoad, viz.. tho Emperor himself, although Marshal Buzuino was doputed to command tho army as it assembled up to tho tlmo of ids sovereign's arrival. Von Moltko sooms to havo no doubt that the French were counting on tho tra- ditional dissousions ot the Gcrmnn peo- ple. They hoped by nn early victory to rcdiico the South Germans to inactivity, or ovon to win them over to their side. It was known that Prussia was a powerful antagonist, ovon whon Isolated, and that horarmy was moro numer- ous than that of tho French, but it was thought that this advantage might bo counterbalanced by rapidity of action. Tho wholo French plan ot campaign, il. was based on iho dollvory of unfore- seen attacks. Strong floots of war and transport shins wore inlundod to bo util- ized to land a onnsidorablo force In northern Prussia, mid thore engage a part ot tho Prus- sian troops, whllo tho main body of tho Prus- sian army would, it was supposed, await tho French assault behind tho fortresses on tho llhlne. The Fronch had purposed to cross tho Ithlno at once nt and below Strnsburg. thus avoiding tlio great fortresses, nud also nl tho start proventinz the South Gorman army, which, it w.-.- s oxpoctod, would to tho dofenco of tiio Black Forest, from lulling vtlth the Noith Oormunn. To execute this plan It was Impcrntho to concentrate prompt- ly tho main rnrces of the French nriny In Alrnci. ltallwny accommodation, howovor. tin nud out to bo so Inadequate th.it in the Ilrst Instance It wan only posslbhito c.r.-- y 100,000 inun toSlraohurc: HitUHXJ had to leave th- railways noai- - Metz and lein.iin thoiM iiiirll they could ho r.iovod up. nnd llr.nll 50,00'J iflrji wero oiicnrnp'.-- nt Chr.lou-- i i.s rcM-rvns- . Tiiotoglmoiitn hud marched out of riunitur.i Incomplete a, luuumbi'ii-- . uud inc.ullcluttily equipped, Mnimv.blltt tlio ic.ierMM out to (111 tiibirplnccliud elioki-- tho railways; Ihoy umvidud the military depot and filled tho railway etuttoni.. The progress of tho reserves to tholr destination w.is dohiyod. for It was ofton unknown ut the railway stations whero tho regiments to which tiio loservos wero to bo sent were at tho tlmo encainpod. When, tli 67 at lust jnlnod they wuro without tho most1 ticcer.kr.ryartUilns of oquipraeiit. Thu corps nnd divisions bad no artillery or baggage, no ambulances, and only u ery liiadoqiiats num- ber of ofllci'VH. No uiafi.i.-.lti'j- B had boon r.stnb-lielie- tt boforclinnd. mid the trooph hail to upon tho fortrcHsoo. TiiC30 even wcrobut 111 Mippltod, for- - lu tho assured expectation thnt tho nrmliis would bo almost immedi- ately sort ou lute tha enemy's country thoy had beon nogloctod. Characteristic of tho snmo blind confi- dence was the fact Unit the French staff officers hi'd been provided with maps of Germany, but not nl their own prov- inces. Tl'i lentil! of the lni'xtrlcnblo con- fusion attending tho .itetupt ut mobilization was that the Ministry nf Wnr In Paris was inundated with claims, protests, und expostu- lations, and Anally drlvon lu despair to lot the troops help thomselvos as best thoy could. On ft debrouiUtra thoy will untunglo them- selves somehow was tho solo hopo of tho authorities. Even whon Kapoloon III. arrived at Metz u week after tho declaration of war the regimonts wero not yet full ; indoed, it was nfet exaotly known whero wholo divisions woro then to bo found. The Emporor oidorod the troops lo advance, but his Mur-slin- la doclared that tlio condition nf tho soldlors mado this Impossible for iho Itiuu being, It was gradually, In fact, dawning upon tlicm that Instead ot attacking thu onomy In ids country they would havo to defond tholr qwu. Thu French commanders, learning th'uta'ijtrong force of tho enemy hud been collected between Mityonoe imUQablpntz. the order which had boon given to send from Motz to Btrasburg was countorrhundod. and tho troops Intondod for (hat pnrposo wero ordered to proceed from tho Rhino to tho Siinr. Tho determination to invado South Germany was already aban- doned, and although tho French fleet\ had' sailed around toward tho North Sea and tho Baltic, it had not boon provided with any troops, and consequently Its operations wero dooraod to bo fruitless, III. Let us look now at the widely different state of things upon tho Gorman sldo. Von Moltko affirms that Germany was surprised by the declaration ot war, but sho cortntnly was not tokon unawares. The possibility of such an event had boon foreseen, and ovory prepa- ration had been mado to moot It Tho means of mobilising tho North Gorman army had boen rovlowod your by year, lu view ot any posslblo chungos In thu military or political situation, by tho general stall In conjunction with the Ministry of War. Evury branch ot tho administration hud boon kept informed ot all tt ought to know oonoornlng tho plans of tho military outhorltloa, Tho Berlin Governmont had llkowiso como to a confidential undorstandlng with Iho South German States on nil Important points con- nected with prospoctlvo strategic operations. Ithadbcunconcodod that Prussia wuh not to bo rockonod on tor tho defeiico of any particu- lar section of tlioir territory, and it hnd been doridod that tho bost way ot protecting Hoirth Germany would bo by an incursion into A,lsuco across tlio contral part ot the Ithlno. which could ho bucked up by tho muln forco ussom-ble- d In that quarter. Thu fact that tho Governments of Bavin ia, Wurtcmborg. Baden, and Hesse, denuding their wn countrie.1 as it woro, wero to place their contingoutu under tho command of King William, proved their ontlro In tho\ Prussian Generals. N'o cooner hud this understanding, which W03 largely the of dlplomallst':. been nrrlvod at than tho other preparations wero effected, and ho.-e- . al- though he dooB not claim it, should bo iccog-ulzo-d ono of Von Moltko'si greatest preliminary services to Prussia. Tlio orders for matching, and for travelling Ly mil or boat, woro worked out for ouch division ot tho .irmy.togelhor with tht most minute directions ua to their differ- ent staitlng points, tho day and hour of tho duration of the journey, th\i stations, and placo of domination. At the meeting points cantonmonls wore as- signed to each corps nnd division, nnd cloros uud magazines wore established. Tho effect of thoso minute nnd arrangaui tints wus that when war wus declared It ncodod only tho royal slgnatuie to sot thn entire ap- paratus In motion with undlstuibod proclslon. There was absolutely nothing lo bo changed in the directions originally given: It sufficed to carry out tho preconcerted plan. Tho mobilizod forces of Germany woro di- vided into thrcolndepondontnrmtos. on a ba- sis worked out \by tho General of tho Prus- sian Staff;\ that is to say. by Von Moltko him- self: Tho first army, under Gon. von Sluln-mct- z, consisted of 00,000 mon. It was ordered to encamp at Wlttnloh and form tho right wing. Tlio second army, under Princo Freder- ick Charles, was 131.000 strong and consti- tuted tho contrc. Its mooting point waslntho vicinity of Homburg. Wo should add that a resorvo of 00,000 men was placed boforo May-onc- o. to roSnforco tho second army, which wuh t hus brought up to tho strength of 1IM.UO0 men. Tho third army, undor tho Crown Prlnco of Prussia, formed tho left wing of tho Gorman line, and contained about 130.000 soldiers. The throo armies, taken together, numborod 384,000 mon. Behind thoso woro still thrco corps, comprising 100.000 troops, but they wero not nt Ilrst included in tho disposable forcos. inasmuch as for throo weeks tho means of railway transportation woro fully engaged. Wo have only to mention further that the seventeenth division and the Landwohr troops woro told off to defond tho eoast fhat the flguros hero given woro real and not nomi- nal and corresponded to speedily accomplished facts, 1b mado indisputable when we lonrn that when King William nrrlvod nt Mayence. Just a fortnight uftor issuing tho order for the mobil- ization of his army, ho found 300.000 men as- sembled on and in front of tho llhlne. Von Moltko tells us that in the plan of war submitted by him and accoptod by the King, ho had his oyo fixed from tho first upon the enpturo ot the onomy's capital, tho possnsslnn of which Is of moro importance In Franco than In other countries. On tho way thithor the hostllo forcos wuro to bo driven ns perslst-ontl- y ns posslblo buok from tho fertile south- ern district into tho narrow tract on tho nortii. Above oil. Von Moltko's plan ot tho campaign wns based on tho rosolvo to attack tho onemy at onco. whorover found, nnd to koep tho Gorman forces so compact that u superior forco could always bo brought into tho field. Bywhat-ovu- r special moaus tho alms wero to bo ful- filled was left to tho decision ot the hour, only tho udvanco to tho frontier bolng proordalnod in ovory detail. It Is induod, according to Von Moltko, a delusion to believe that a sehumo ot warlike operations may bo framed befornhnhd for u long period and carried ont in nvory point. Tlio first collision with tlio uncmy may ontlroly chango tho situation, Somo things which had boon docidod upon will bo seen lo be impracticable; otliors which originally hnd seemed Imposslblo become foisiblo. All that the leader of an army can do Is to got a clear vlowof tho circumstances, to decide for tho bostovor an Indollulte porlod and carry out his purpose unflinchingly. A loss than Yon Moltko miclit h.ivii been tempted to depart from his raro. fully meditated p'jn at thu vory out-n- of the campaign. Tlio despatch of tho French troops to the frontier before tlsoy woro thoroughly pieparod for ucivUm In tho Held n vol serlojs step on their part wns ethlontly oiderrd fortho purpoioof surpris- ing thn German army nnd inforforing with tho formi.llou of its ndvanae. In spito ot tnli flit (lonna-- i eoiiim-mdei- did not deviate tiom their purpt-M- j of inr.bsin:; Ibeir foices on tho llhlno of orns3:ii thnt river Tin final mowjaiontlowr.r.l Iho Fioiu-l- i fmntierwas not to !u undertaken until thu divisions uud corps were all collected and provided with llionno-osRiir- y baggago (rainn. (lion they would pro- ceed In a Etato ot roudlnoss to confront tho en- emy at any moment. IV. Vi must fV!r the rendor to Von Moltko's narrative for a deUillod account of the engage- ment ut Wclssonburg. tho battles of Worth and Splcheren. nnd tho thvoo bnttlos against the forces under Buxulne ut Noullly, Vlonvlllo, and GraVelotte. Wo will moroly mention that in tho last ot these actions, which took p'.uuu on Aug. 18. .1870, moro than 180.000 Froueh wore en- gaged, whoroas tho seven Gorman corps fnein,r them wore exactly 178,818 btrong. It follows that' the Fronoh woro drlion out of a of almost unrivalled natural advantages by a numerically Interior fuico. It was to bo expected that tho loss of the Germans, bolng (ho aggressors, would bo groator thnn that of tho defence; It amounted to 20,fi84 men. agulnst 13,000 on tho othorsldo. Tho aggre- gate loss of tlio Gcrinnni during tho six but- tles which hud taken placo during tho first eighteen days nf August was 60,000 mon. It was, wo nro told, Impossible at oncu to find substitutes, but now companies wero formed ot time-expire- d soldiers. The isolation of Bazalne's groat army under the walls of Metz had, moroovor, a result not contemplated by Von Moltko in his prearranged scheme of tho war. The slego ot Motz had not enterod into his original dosign. Ho had moroly intended to station a corps of observation In tho vicin- ity of this fortress, whllo tho main army should advauco on Paris. Undor existing clreumstannos, howovor, tho town had to bu invested, and this nocusMtatud u complete of tho Gjrmun forcos. A iipnclat army was formed for investment purjiosos under Prince Frederick Ciares, and consisted ot 150,000 mon. All the rest of tho German troops 1 France erp directed f advance against the French, who woro reforming nt Chalons. Tho forco lofli behind (o boslego Bosnlno was wcakor than the blockaded onemy. and ns It was antic- ipated that tho Fronoh would renew tholr ofTortil to forco their way west- ward, the muln forces of Piinre Fredorlck Charles were ordered to remain mi tho loft bank of the Moselle- - It Is well known that although tho army of Bnzulno wus during tho greater part of the siege numerically strongor than that ot rHhce Frederick Charles, yet tho termor's sorties wero Ineffectual nnd on deto-bo- r 'ii ho surrendered us prisoners nf war tho largest forco whloh ever vduhtmlly laid down ts arms, namely. 173.000 men. to- gether with W Imperial ongtes. O- -'J field guns. 72 mitrailleuses, and 2.87H fortress guns. Wo should ndd that Von'MoItkc iocs not depart in tho cuso of Bnsalno from tho reseivo which ho exhibits in his comments on the conduct of tho French commanders. We note, however. In his chapter on tho eurrendcrut Sedan, tho sug- gestive remark that Marshal MacMahnn had beon vory fortunate In being disabled early In tho bntUo of Bopt 1, 1870. for otherwise ho would havo beo$ compelled to sign the capitu- lation, and although ho had only carried out orders forced upon hftn by tho Paris authori- ties, ho could hardly have sat in judgment, as lie uftorwurd did. on tho brother Marshal whom ho had failed to relieve. It nppours that tho splendid victory nt Sedun cost tho Gor-mn- only 8.C00 men. Tho Fronch lossos woro incomparably greater; 17,000 wero klllod. 'J1.000 woro tnkon prisoners In iho courso of tho action, aud 8a000 surrendered. It was cloar to Von Moltko. as It soon became to ovcry ono, thnt with tho surrender of MacMuhou's urmy Imperialism In Franco was extinct. V. It lins long beon known thnt tho provisional Government established In Paris and In Tours nftoi tbo cr.pilulntlon nl Sedun. and tho result- ant full of the empire, was responsible for tho piolongntinnnt tlio war. Pence might have boon 'mado ut that tlmo upon terms Incomparably moro favoi able to Franco than thoso which had ultimately to bo accepted. Von Moltko gives uu interesting account ol tho fruitless negoti- ations for un armistice. It appears that on Kept. 10 tho blockade of Parl3 wai complete nr.d tho King nt Prussia had moved his head- quarters to Forrlerca Horn M. Julos Fnvro mado his appearance to negotiate for peaco on thn busts of \not a foot of soli.\ Ho believed that nftor co ,many vlctorict nnd such heavy losses the Germans would bo ratlslled with a sum uf money. Von Moltko points out that such u proposal could not for omomont bo con- sidered, and only tho possibility ot granting an armistice was seriously discussod. It was. indeed, to tlio politloal interest oven of Germany to afford tho Fiench tho opportunity of establishing by a froo and legalized election a Government which should huvo indisputable powers to conclude a poaoo: for tho government at that tlmo ruling In Paris wns tho offspring ot n revolution, nnd might at any moment bo strangled by a reaction in tho publlo mind. From a military point of view, howevor, any pause in tho operations ot war would bo o dis- advantage. It would glvo Uio Fronoh time to push forward their preparations, and by tem- porarily raisin-- tho siego of Paris would en- able thu oupitul to obtain the most necessary supplies. An urmfstice. therefore, could only be grunted In eonsldoriilloti of un oqulvalent. To nssuro tho forwarding of ammunition nnd provisions to tho Invading urmy, btrosburg und Tout, which Intercepted communications by railway, would huvo to be given up. Tho Mogo of Metz. moreover, would In any caso havo to bu maintained, whilo with regard to Purls oithor tho blockade would continue, or, if It woro raised, ' one of tho forte which commanded It would have to bo surrendered to tho Gormuns. On tho other ImniU tho Chamber ot Deputies would be at full liberty to meet at Tours. Thoso conditions, and especially the surrender of tho two fortified towns mentioned, wero abso- lutely rojeett-- by tho Fronch. and tho negotia- tions wero broken oft A woek later Tool and Stiusburg wuro in the hands of tho Germans. Tbo resistance organized by Gambetta had been paralyzed in every quarter. oqd tho blocknde of Parls'hud lasted 120 days when, on Jan.,23, 1871. M. Julos Fuvio again made his appearance at tho Gorman headquarters to negotiate for an nrmlstico on nny terms. King William, who by this tlmo had been crowned Gorman Emperor, was ready to moot tho re- quest, but ho required somo nuaranteo that tho French capital, now threatened with the horrors of famine, would not. after obtaining food supplies, renew its resistance. Tho wns mado nnd acquiesced in. that all the forts, including Mont Vulorien uud tho city of St Donis. should bo given up. and that tho ram parts of the capital should ho disarmed. It wus thereupon, agreed that all hostilities weio to ho biisponded on tho evening of .Inn. 20. so fur us Puns wns concerned, und that nil wuys of Ingress to tho city should bo thrown open. A gmieral in mistlcit of twonty-on- o days was to begin from Jan. HI, exclunivo. howoVHr, of thrco departments unci of the fortress of llelfort, whero operations wore being carried on In which both sides wero equally hopeful of success. This nrmlstico gavetlo-cominlllo- o of national defence tlmo enough to ut Bordeaux n nntlonul whose business It would lie to decldo whether Iho wur should bo continued or on what conditions poaeo should be concluded. Von Moltke points out that In tho parts of the country uortuptiul by GeiT.ii'.n troop-- , tlio elec- tion of tho D.ruitli\ w.m unimpeded nndunlii-Iliiencc- d. ir was othurwise. fur .i tlmo nt all events. In tho (H'i:itliiirnts controlled byGam-botb- t, 'vliii. in violation of tho conditions of tho armistice, tuh-- that nil rronchmen who niter Dec. '.', 18.11. hud held any position under tho Imperial Government should bo regarded as to tho National Assembly. It was pot until tlio Parisian obtjlr.cd a mniorlty \f votesMn tho committee of national ilofor.co by st'vnrsil '. its ineniberw to Bordeaux Unit Giiiubeitii Wii i'oilviI to resign on Feb. 0 bin lUUntoinhlp. after which tha elocillon ol i5i-- ; utiuT went ou quickly and iinhlniloi-ed- . 1'y t!i. 'lii of the month the Deputt(\ had iifiv'iitili d in Bordeaux, nnd on tiio lOtli .11. 'i lili'is who had been elected chluf of the exot-ut- o. proceeded to Purls with Julos Fuvre. ilPtuinilnni lo end thn wnr nt uny cost Ou or Mm negotiations Vou alottko does iiotdwel', but hi- - that it wns only after five day ' iMfiitdohtttlni: thnt tho Gor-irut- it consented 'i Ah t- tb-- attil mlo of the Geriiiuns toward th P.iiU (.omnium;, Vun Moltko Points out thnt they could easily und quickly br.ioputnn ond to the lii'.uriv.'llnii but what Government, ho ns;-- . would allow its itohth to 1 o established by foielgn I'livonet'-- f Aiiii nutter of fact, tlio German Ooi.iniundor limlt.'.i thnmsclvos to forbidding nn iildllou ilu.turbanccs with- in tholr own districts and to prevent- ing any lfeiifoicc-.noii- t of the. Communists fiotn outside. Tho chiefs of tho Communa wore also notillod iliRtnnv attempt to arm tho rampaitH facing thu (K'tnians would result In an Instantaneous iiynibnrdninnt of tho city. Tho rohelv, hoiuor. Mere lully occupied In riestioyliigiiud bin r.ing property nnd Inimt-tlnirlho- lr fellow countrymen to death. Tho7 did not turn .iguinft the foreign enemy, but agalubt tiie gr.vci umunt nhodan by tho nation. VII. Von Moltke tells un II, at at tho end of Feb- ruary. 1871. tho Gormiin forces on Fronch soil comprised lKi0.7.'S'J men unit 1.742 guns. Thu reserve t In Germany wero u bout 1208,-00- 0 Htrong. Tin war hud cost iho Gcrmum muny victims, nnniely, ti.'iil ofitecrs, 123,453 men, 1 ling, und 'jRjxne. On tho other hand, tho, total lesson of the Fronch wnro incalcu- lable. Tosuy nothing of those who foil in buttlo or who died of wounds or of dlseaso, tho Ircncli loss In iirlsoners nlono (Including thoso disarmed In Switzerland), wus 21,t08om- - l.Olf) Hold guns und 0.020 fort guua w.-r- e cup-turc- Summing up In a fow brief si'titences tho thu struggle. Inn .MnltUo reminds 114 thutn war ciiirledun Willi mrDn vast expen- diture of foi re no both (dder-wu- s yet thinugh incoBBiint energy hniUKlit In 1111 inf In thu shurt period of scion mouths. Hen in the first four wookH took plai'o liittlcs. undor which thu ejiipiio cohipi-- nnd its urmy wus swept from thu Hold. Then, through tho des- perate oxertlous of thu French provisional Government, thero, was, a croatlon of fresh forces, massive but Jneonipotont, which counterbalanced tho original numerical su- periority of the Germans, aud twelve moro buttles wore required to assure success to tho slego of tho French rupltal. In thu courso of tbo struggle no fewer tliun twenty fprtllled places wore tnken. and wo are told that not n.wlngloday passed without a collision of nioio or Jet. importance, The crowning recnnipenn; of tho iielileuM.in.ifx of the urniln-- . guided by Von Moltki- was nor thu peounuii-- i'lduiiinlty of llvo mlllhiiils wrung from tho Kieneli peasantiy but tin-rH- thut Mrasburg nnd Metz. whieli 111 u time \f weukness had lieon lopped, from the fglherlaiid. wore rooon-ouoro- d, and thut Gorman unity had at last been rendered posslblo through tlio construc- tion of 4 firmly compnoted German empire. , a Placet: aso pvctiuss at uohb. I The' Indon ItrRldrnre nf the lrlnpn of Man. I Ink Nntl .ttontreri'iil-- A ltrnl Itnnmae ot Noble I.tle ol tUo IVeaent 'Jlmr. '', London. Oct. 20. No ono wrild think In ! look nt a certain shabby, unpretending llttlj ' houso situated In n dlsnint Xuth Louilat stroot. which Is only moro unroni iiitlc than it Is tinfafehlonttbtc, that this same IioikosIk-1- tors two personages who would bo veuta. bio \finds\ ton novel wilter objects ot udois. lion to tltlo worshippers, nnd would fur. nlsh nn attractive.' target for thu slings and ur. rows of nn outrageous and peculiar class nf onr nlnotonnth century Socialists. Vet their cnmmonplnco and respectable enough bour- geois nolghbors pay no more' attention to U19 older of these porsonnges than lhe would to nny other llltlo old woman whom they might seo doing her own niarkotlng, bujlng iin-a- by tho pound, ur polnllug out to thn green, grocer threepence too much clnrged In his bill; and when, on lino days, nn old ouuiearu. fully descends thu steps of this little house to take n mild constitutional down the sunny side of tho street, Uiey notice liliu 110 murs than to suy: \Oh. it's only that quoer old gentleman at No. -- . \Quoor\ho certainly Is but or that pros-cntl- y and a gentleman, If twenty descents ot royal blood mako a man 11 gentleman. His Highness tho Prlnco of Munttia nn(j Montforrat Is the old man; the old w etnas, who Is hourly 00 yenrs of ago. Is his mother, tho Duchess of Mantua and Moiitforrnt. Although they live In u stylo which woulii b, humble In thu extreme for any one not al)oj tho common mnk, they usually unturtaln throo or four tlmos a year. LItllu ntterniwa \At Homos,\ whoro ono duy tlio especial feature ofthooooosion will bo n collection of raro on another, geological spool-men- together with tho few splenilM ECins which nlono nro left of tho family jcwela. duy. tho guests assembled in tho little Sino room listen whilo tho Diiulioss in elear. swoi-- t old volco roads from onu ut tha manuscript works ot hor son. Tho neighbors nro not so much amiss when they calllilm a \queer old gentleman.\ for thero nro comparatively fow of lis who speak of \ having o vision ns commonly us another would romurk on having a dinner, or who bay, \Last night I noticod a ghost standing hy mo,\ nnd so on, with ob much calmness ns 01m would snook ot a lady sitting next him at tha opora. From boyhood tbo Prlnco tins hud i. ions which are bo real, and comcy to his mind lossons so deep, that ho lias of Jute years felt It his duty to write them down nud publlcll them fortho benefit of the world. 'J ho pagos of Ills manuscript are covered with dla- - showing tho Inferior of tho earth as ha frrams It in visions, and with imips nt tlio Colostlnl City and of tho Garden of Men ns lately drawn and indoxod as our \Complete B uide to London.' A pen picture of ono of his visions Is so graphic nnd beautiful thnt on artist hastukeu It for the subjoot of a largo painting whloh ha is executing undor tho immediate supunisiuu of tho Prlnco. Porhaps as interesting ns nny other of their \AtHdnio6\i8 tho day for which tho invita-tlon- a bear tho legend Picturos Family Po- rtraits nnd Medallists ot tho Family.\ Ushered up tho dark, narrow staircase by tho one servant tho royal household now po- ssesses, and into .the drawing room, utter a gra- ciously cordial roccptlon from their rojal highnessos, ono straightway falls to staring ut the company, undor protenee, of course, ol some portrait hanging just beyond thorn. 1 Whnt histories might not one skilled In de- ciphering tlio languago of physiognomy and bearings read in that company I TITo hostess, clad In a bluok silk gown whlcli boars numerous specimens of tho wearer's skill with tho noodle, not only In embroidery but In darning, hor delicate, sloping shoulders covered with a faded velvet mantle whlcli had once beon purplo, on her head a cap of tliu samo old velvet, adorned with gold embroid- ery: and what a rarely beautiful and digni- fied countenance patrician in overy feature nd of tho finest Italian typo, a daughter ot a ouso fallen, but royal to tlio ond. She Is something ot a contrast to the guest sho is just rocolving; a stout, middlo-clas- s matron, whose vory now enrriagu with sorvunts In vory new livery waits for lu-- tbo door. Her bonnet probably cost mom ft the wholo ot hor hostess's costume, but the darned silk und faded velvet are worn \ with a dlfforenco.\ for tho secret of which sho would cladlv Dart witii a good muny pounds of hor hard British cash. It is not to bo bought, good lady. Yonder a very loarned man ot scionco is deep in conversation with an impecunious Fronch Count who rather affects tho military with his somewhat seedy coat buttoned tight and trig up to the chin lean it be u necessary affectation to htdo tho wunt of u waistcoat). Hois a bri- lliant scholar and. It is whispered, has been ob- liged to put hlB May day accomplishments into practical use and teach hla native lunguuxo und its literature. Doubtless it Is so. but I wonder why that long delicate hand and tho restless brilliant oyo bring to ono's mind a vision of tho gum Ins- table and a player staking tho last of his patri- mony, all his small earnings, almost thu lienor of his ancient namo Itself on tho one absorb- ing passion of his llfo. Tho room Is literally lined with portraits, many ut them copiosby itupliuol of tho wall paintings executed by Oimnbuo In ono of t heir pulacoH, which ovon in Kapliael'H tlmo were old thut it wus thought well tu hnvo tho po- rtraits copied to presorvo thorn. Mo6t of them aro small and very dark, and nro distlnrtl Italian In churacter, dress, and execution On of tho most Interesting is thnt of the head of tho Prince's own Immediate brunehoftbo fam- ily pnlntwl four hundred years ago. Ho Is In armor from bond to foot Tlio prusi-n- t I Princo whon n young man wus painted in that I Identical urmor. und thero Is 11 ruruurkabln I resemblance between the two faces. I The famllyfoaturosnroousilytruccd through many generations and reach a high degree cf perfection and bounty in tho port ruit of t he pros-o- Duchess, which shows her lioyul Illghncj ut 30 years of ugo. Sho is represented seated ou a glided chair, her beuutlful black hair Is parted smoothly over her Prow, on which t 11 splendid tluru. Adorning lu-- r atil shim Id era nro nine inagnillcont nvukhccN scarcely ustono of whlcli lias not un lnteie-t-ln- g history. Nono. however. Is moro uttractlw to mind or oyo thun is. the wonderful pearl, which Is too largo aud huuvy for tiie llttlo oar Into whlcli It is fastened. This pearl, tho Prince tolls us, is supposed to havo neon tin companion of tho famous nnn Which tho oxtiuvugant \Serpent of Old aud diunk nt thut great rowd 111 honor of her Antony, Ono of tlio minions ! the family took it from u tomb In Egypt, nnd. It to ils roynl ninster, tbucainoouo of SWIng est of the family jewels. Tho Duchoss. ns sho is painted. Is n -- f beautiful woman, und own now. ut her cre,it ago and alter u life full of chango nnd son on. sho shows tlio umiiliii. of grout loveliness. Onosldoof tlio room Is hung with mothou portraits, nnd from one frumo looks out tlni kind old fueu of Dniii Pedro, Brnr.IL It was pninted hy order of tho Prince. Who is tlio s cousin, of whom ho Is vory fond. .... Dom Pedro Is, In eye, a verltnbM martyr, nnd it was his IIovul Highness s fniu-- to bin o the head surrounded nslt Is by 11 hal\. Tlinlltl of thoso to whom the family lime given medals us'piiblle recognition of tln-l- gonliiH. Includes iiiiinr great men, most of whom nro represented lino y by tbo Notui.lo among them niuy bo Buskin. II. W. LongK How. f ordi- nal Muiiillng. l'rlneoK L. L. und Joroino Bona- parte. Victor lingo. Mr J. i- - M.lllals, LnuH Agussly, iAird Tuiinysun, und Ferdinand i After u most Interesting afternoon ono ponn-- j away llllod with udinlrutlon for a nobility of cliurni-to- r which can mnko it possessor th most meagre hospitality with a gram und klnilllm-H- which go far towards nroM true thn immortal linos of our Scottish bard. Tin- rank U hut tbe Kulnea't BUm;'. A uuii't a mon torn tnni. ASItUKW J.ICKSOX O.V SII.K. An lutrreMllnii Hounh- - Tlint ll From An Intorestlng souvenir of the politics and politicians of the earlier day of tho nation is a copy of \Piosldent Androw Jackson's Ko sugotoBotli Housnb of the Congress ot tho United States of America. Delivered at tho City of Washington. !eceinburH,lf(2t.\ width Is now In tho poRsm-slo- ot Copt, Mix, un old Milp master lllng ut HM Washington Park. Brooklin. Hnppi'UiH that uftor themosui tloiluri-i- l 11 obtalued y wus c.iy,.wns \Ji. Comad, Printer, 1 r'aBk kJiv In typo und Voik.\ win. put it, pillUoii lor mlo to the pubic When this d lion wus printed thu prliilers, being onth iistlc JuekHon IJeiiiocrnts. procured sufleieiit homy white silk nud struck off four copies thu iiii'Bsago 011 it. it is one of thoBu .Ik copies whlcli s now owni'dby C'.ipt. Mjx. J jo iiuullty of tho silk, tho Mylo of the typo, tbo cut ol tho eagle at muko-u- p of tho whobi aroititeroMiiig. while thoro Is a paragiupli In nil ofthof nir brouil columns 1 thu mbjoet nmltor that would not prove In; structUvto HioiiolltHnnHof tho present d.h. 'J'lnis, us 11 rumple. 10 id tlio following! Hurturo fe 11\\ for nTr't Ii hKiliut llnie.iO.'i ml anil l\( wllliuui \ mou-i- ill- - iiill\-Mir- rliiBurifir lim pilllilli ili.fliarK- I\ dicilji.i I KIOOil litll leul l.im- - la Ml I' lu I'Hie f\\' liuuaiiua men iu oilloa llmu i Kentl-ul- lu K\'1 ' on iu I any more lutrlmU: rlglit to n cmciu ttultun Ibrfii vuotlicr. lie whn l remo(1 hut themmtnirloMl; Inr a living tbot are eui- -4 by th wlUloa wU MTU Held odlc .
