{ title: 'The North Westchester times ; New Castle tribune. (Mt. Kisco, N.Y.) 1959-????, February 14, 1963, Page 6, Image 6', download_links: [ { link: 'http://www.loc.gov/rss/ndnp/ndnp.xml', label: 'application/rss+xml', meta: 'News about NYS Historic Newspapers - RSS Feed', }, { link: '/lccn/sn2001062048/1963-02-14/ed-1/seq-6/png/', label: 'image/png', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn2001062048/1963-02-14/ed-1/seq-6.pdf', label: 'application/pdf', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn2001062048/1963-02-14/ed-1/seq-6/ocr.xml', label: 'application/xml', meta: '', }, { link: '/lccn/sn2001062048/1963-02-14/ed-1/seq-6/ocr.txt', label: 'text/plain', meta: '', }, ] }
Image provided by: Chappaqua Library
^ NortK WesfcKesfer Times New Castle Tribune, Mount Kisco, N.Y., February 14, 1963 Castle tribune SUBSCRIPTION RATES BY MAIL One Month _ Three Months Six Months _ One Year A $1.00 $1.50 $2.50 General Advertising Representatives, Kelly-Smith Company, 750 Third Ave nue New York City. Second Class Postage Paid at Mount Kisco, N.Y. and Chappaqua, N.Y. MEMBER AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATION issued Weekly by Westchester County Publishers, Inc. V. E. MACY JR President T. EUGENE DUFFY WILLIAM L FANNING . GEORGE W. HELM JR. . MARY B. MCLAUGHLIN Vice President and General Manager Vice President and Treasurer _________________ Vice President Editor Phone: MOunt Kisco 6-8021 CEntral 8-3020 - YOrktown 2-2747 We Must Be Humane, Too WHATEVER the argument for the use of animals in medical research, there is no excuse for torturing them. Unfortunately, there is evi dence that treatment of some laboratory animals ranges from careless indifference to out and out cruelty. A bill has been introduced in the United States Senate by Sen ators Joseph S. Clark of Pennsyl vania and Maurine Neuberger of Oregon to stop such mishandling. It does not go as far as some would wish. To these, nothing short of outlawry of animal ex perimentation would be accepta ble. It goes too far for others, who ignore any animal suffering on the basis that the eventual ben efit to mankind justifies what ever tests are used. SOME THINK the proposed legislation is unnecessary. To these we would refer some of the heart-rending evidence presented to the House subcom mittee which took testimony on the Clark-Neuberger bill: A painfully bled rabbit that broke its back in vain strug gles in the process was per mitted to languish over a week end before the experiment was completed and it was put out of its misery. Dogs were housed in cages scarcely big enough to permit them to turn about, with met al mesh floor and no bedding. Mice were crowded into cages and left unfed by forgetful atten dants. Animals were operated upon repeatedly without opportunity for recuperation. Poor housing, lack of exercise, exposure to prolonged suffer ing and shock, experimental sur gery just to keep surgeons busy or simply to give students exer cise in techniques, insensitivity of the researchers to animal suf fering, failure to have a veteri narian available — all, and more, were mentioned. THE PROVISIONS of the pro posed law are minimal. They would require unannounced in spection of laboratories, condi tions designed to limit infliction of pain, licensing of each person who uses animals with provision for loss of license for inhumane acts, registration of premises, record keeping on animals and experiments, restriction of under graduate students to painless ex perimentation, adequate food and watpr, comfortable resting places and normal exercise for the ani mals. It is inconceivable that any of these limitations would ham per medical research. A note of support to the sena tors sponsoring the bill and to our own Congressmen would help to write these provisions into law. Our Students Require Depth WE ARE in an age of such specialization that we may de stroy our national culture if not enough people bother to broaden themselves in interests and knowledge. The drive tor material position and success is such that the per son who would succeed must de vote himself very narrowly to the interests of his career if he would move to the top. Every individual who does so, however, loses contact with the world about him and lays him self open to the perils of ignor ance. THIS DANGER is fast becom ing recognized by some of our educational leaders. In fact, the case has been put pretty well by Dr. John H. Prime, dean of the New York University School of Commerce, Accounts and Fi nance, in announcing a revision of the school's requirements for degrees. \It is our responsibility to pre pare students for life-long ca reers in business, not simply to train them for their first jobs,\ he notes. \Therefore we have placed increased emphasis on the study of business as an over-all discipline and less on its partic ulars. \At the same time, the com plexity of our business economy demands an appreciation of in terrelationships between business and its economic, political and social environment. The new cur riculum insures that awareness by increasing the number and variety of required general edu cation courses.\ THIS APPROACH should be extended to all the professions because there is no ivory tower today for any of us. Political, economic, social decisions made in one area of our lives fre quently have unforeseen reper cussions in others. No man can afford to fool himself into believing that he can exist in the vacuum of his own job or his own intimate family in these complex times. He must learn to know and understand the forces at work at home and abroad and how to react to them lest he find both his job and his family destroyed without realiz ing how it happened. Pay Scale Controversy Teachers, Board Surprised By MARY LOU MEESE SOMERS— The Somers Board of Educa tion meeting last week was full of surprises. Members of the school board were surprised that the salary schedule they first proposed to adopt did not delight the teach ers. The teachers were surprised that a public meeting had been called for the adoption of a schedule on which the faculty sal ary committee and the board's salary subcommittee had met only one time, last October. After much discussion and a brief executive session called in tie middle of the public meeting, the board came up with yet an other surprise for the teachers. They adopted a salary schedule which the faculty salary commit tee had proposed for this year, in total, but with the stipulation that it be for two years, and no bargaining would take place next year. The board also eliminated a longevity increase of $200 at Step 15. Total increase in the budget over normal increments, was estimated at $11,000, for the district's 56 teachers. First Proposal Dr. Walter J. Finnegan and !Mrs. Norman Prouty, who made up the board's subcommittee on salaries, first presented a salary schedule to the board which would have given an across-the- board increase of $100 on every (level except at the top steps of the M. A. and doctorate scale. In creases here would have rang ed from $400 to $700. Overall the schedule would have meant an approximate increase, according to the committee, of ?9,000 above normal salary raises and incre ments. The committee also recom mended that sabbtia 1 leaves be granted at the board's discretion, after 1n years of Somers service, to one teacher per year with full pay for a half-year or half pay lor a full year's leave. In addi tion they recommended that ten ure be'granted after three years offfervice instead of the present five yean. Ask Faculty View ^,A motion was made for adop tion of this schedule, when one board member suggested that maybe they would like to hear what the faculty had to say. Bur- ney Taylor, chairman of the faculty salary committee, was present with other members of the committee. Mr. Taylor said he would like to speak and asked if the com mittee had compared the scale they offered with surrounding communities. \Even though you may not like comparisons,\ he said, \in York- town the new salary schedule which has been adopted shows an increase of $62,000 next year, above normal increments, for the approximately 135 teachers in that district. \Greenburg has granted a $54,- 600 increase for its 127 teachers. How does this compare with the proposed $9,000 increase you recommend for 56 teachers in this district.*' Some Objection Mr. Taylor said he felt that the proposed schedule would not be well received by the faculty. He pointed out that on the 11th step M.A. level, the salary in 1960 was $9,000. With the new schedule it would increase to $9,300. \A $300 increase over a period of four years leaves something to be desired,\ he said. Mrs. Prouty said she was sur prised to hear that the teach ers might not be happy with the schedule. \We took into consider ation what the district could pay plus all the extra-curricular pay and benefits the teachers are giv en, and I can't imagine that any one would be unhappy with it,\ she said. Mr. Finnegan mentioned the fact that some specific teachers were thought to be placed now at a level lower than their ex perience would indicate, and that the committee had planned to recommend their being jumped a full step. Dr. Don Nuccio, teacher at Somers High School, asked how many new teachers the district expected to hire. When told the Board was considering five, he asked, \How will you attract them to Somers?\ * Clayton Osborne Jr., board president, said Somers starting salaries were higher than some other surrounding districts and Mrs. Prouty observed that should teaches be dissatisfied with the new schedule, they would have plenty of time to leave if the board adopted the scale early enough. She felt this would give the board more time to find new teachers at the higher starting levels. 'Lack of Courtesy' Then Dr. Nuccio told the board how he, as a faculty salary com mittee member, felt about what they had proposed to do. He felt, We said, the board had shown a lack of courtesy in calling a pub lic meeting to adopt the sched ule, which he had assumed the two committees would have had more time to review. \I had assumed that our com mittee,\ he went on, \would then meet with the board in ex ecutive session to discuss aspects of the salary proposal to protect- individual names which might come up and to avoid public mis understanding.\ Over the past eight years, Dr. Nuccio continued, \the board has been consistent in its salary pol icy of meeting rising starting sal aries while neglecting the top steps affecting teachers with ex perience and extra training.'* He said the system had been studied by an independent agency some years ago and was found to have good, highly qualified teachers. \This is to our credit, but we want to keep the people we have. We have had a stable teaching staff, but contentment can only go so far and experi ence and ability must be recog nized.\ High beginning salaries may, attract good younger teach ers, but, Dr. Nuccio asked, will they stay? Chambers Comments Board member Harry Cham bers said he assumed that the two committees had been meeting over a period of months and had suggested the open meeting be cause \I thought it would be nice if we all met together and that it would show the interest of all board members.\ Dr. Finnegan said that the fac ulty salary committee had pre sented its proposal to'the'board's (Tum to Page 10, Please) SCULPTOR Ralph J. Mencon- di of Pleasantville poses by clay model of a special bronze award medal he is designing for the United Fund of North ern Westchester. The award will be given to about 20 vol unteers each year for outstand ing achievement. Stork Has Brought JANUARY 24 Daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Wil liam Robert English, Armonk. Son, Mr. and Mrs. John Rush, Shenorock. JANUARY 25 Son, Mr. and Mrs. Robert James Ellis, Katonah. Son, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Tay lor Gibson, Bedford. Daughter, Mr. and Mrs. John Francis Overton, Somers. JANUARY 27 Son, Mr. and Mrs. Peter George Drahorad, Bedford Hills. Daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Fran cis McDonough, Brewster. JANUARY 28 Son, Mr. and Mrs. Mark Kildee Adams, Chappaqua. Daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Har vey Paul Barnes, Mount Kisco. Daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Fred H. Barnett, Bedford Hills. Daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Rich ard Bessette, Croton Falls. Son, Mr. and Mrs. John Gilbert Mead, Bedford. JANUARY 29 Son, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Ni chols Carr, Brewster. Daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Jacques Louis Dardenne, New Ca naan, Conn. Daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Fetzko, Thornwood. Daughter, Mr. and Mrs. John J. Murray, Yorktown Heights. Daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Wil liam G. Russell, Mount Kisco. Daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Shepherd, Peekskill. JANUARY 30 Son, Mr. and Mrs. William Richard Brown, Katonah. Son, Mr. and Mrs. Royden El mo Dygert, Chappaqua. Son, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Wil liam Finch, Hawthorne. Son, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Pa trick McCoy, Katonah. Son, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Schaus Jr., Mount Kisco. Daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Louis Chadwick Williams, Brewster. School Menus CHAPPAQUA- The following lunches will be served in the Chappaqua schools during the week of Feb. 18: MONDAY Soup, peanut butter and jelly sandwich or grilled cheese sand wich, peaches, milk. TUESDAY Soup, hamburger, cheese square, lettuce heart, Russian spinach, bread and butter, fruit cherry pie, milk. WEDNESDAY Baked chicken, cranberry spinch, bread and butter, fruit gelatine, milk.' THURSDAY Barbecued hash, buttered peas, celery and carrot stocks, French bread, butter, ice cream sand wich, milk. FRIDAY Tuna fish salad, hard cooked egg,, French fried potatoes, bread and butter, butterscotch pudding, whipped cream, milk. BEDFORD- NO lunches will be served in the Bedford schools during the week of Feb. 18 as schools will be closed. Golden Days 50 Years Ago *T IN NORTHERN WESTCHESTER Mount Kisco GAR men were the guests of Conrad J. T. Lock- wood in White Plains on Lincoln's Birthday. All were members of Co. A, 4th Heavy Artillery, which was recruited from this section. Among them were comrades Hitt, Fisher, Tuttle, Meres and Knapp. A free illustrated lecture, \Our Most Democratic Institution — The Telephone,\ will be delivered at the Mount Kisco Methodist Church tonight. An organ recit al and songs by the Harmony Quartette will further enliven the entertainment. The annual dinner of the Mount Kisco Independent Fire Co. is al ways a success but one this year, the fifth anniversary of the in corporation of that organization, was far ahead of any in its his tory. The banquet was held in Odd Fellows Hall in the Ganun Building. The Rev. C. W. Dun ham was toastmaster. Speakers were President Matthews, Trus tee Potter, Corporation Counsel Slosson, Judge DuFrane, Charles Gregory, William Blath, High School Principal Barclay, Chief Gilbert Knapp, Charles Brown, Foreman Roach, and retiring president, Edward Green. Mrs. William Kear of Yorktown Heights is laid up with blood poi soning in her hand, which she cannot use at all. C. E. Burbank of Bedford Vil lage has purchased a new Ford touring car. It arrived last week. Katonah High School has taken up the hobby of losing now-a- days and they are doing admira bly well at it. Lincoln's birthday was celebrated by two defeats White Plains High trimming the big team, 47 to 21, and Pleasant- ville's YMCA taking 24 points to the second string's 12. Pronay made his first Katonah High ap pearance in the second half of the preliminary game. Gregory shot two pretty baskets and then started hanging them all over the ceiling. Katonah came off with most of the trophies in a handicap match held by the Mount Kisco Gun Club on Wednesday. James Bene dict and Arthur Cornell had the high scores. Frank Baily kept score and applauded the winners. Lester Remsen, Frank Wood, George Sutton, Frank Sherwood, Charles Briggs, A. Betti, Fred Smith, E. Brown and Charles Banks also took part. Calendar of Events FEBRUARY 14 Regular meeting of S i s q u a Council, Knights of Columbus, in Knight's rooms, Mount Kisco, at 8 p.m. St. Valentine's Day luncheon of St. Patrick's School Mothers' meeting in auditorium, Bedford Village. Covered-dish luncheon of Katon ah Women's Civic Club at 12 noon in Katonah Memorial House. Phi lip Clarke to talk on \A Foreign Correspondent Looks at a Wom an's World.\ AFS students to talk. Third Ski Development Trip of New Castle Recreation Commis sion for sixth through 12th grades at Birch Hill Ski Area, will have Brook School at 9 a.m. and will return about 5 p.m. BUDGET APPROVED BEDFORD VILLAGE— On Jan. 31, 'the congregation and corporation of the Bedford Presbyterian Church met, follow ing a congregational dinner. The new church officers, as suggested by the nominating committee, were elected, and. the 1963 pro posed budget was approved at 536,170.00, About People. were present. * ' Fashion Clinic of Bedford Hills Woman's Club from 10:30 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the home of Mrs. Donald Braillard. FEBRUARY 15 Mount Kisco village Republican Convention in American Legion Hall. FEBRUARY 16 Bake Sale of Business Women's Group 'of Katonah Presbyterian Church at Zimmerman's Gift Shop, Katonah. Winter Carnival at The Fox Library Additions MOUNT KISCO— The following new books are available at the Mount Kisco Public Library: ADULT Fiction \A Question of Choice,\ Prudence H. Andrew; \Atlan tic Fury,\ Hammond Innes. • Non-Fiction \By Sea and By River,\ Bern Anderson; \Carol- ingian Portraits,\ Eleanor S. Duckett; \Look Both Ways,\ Hilda Cole Espy; \Recreation in the Senior Years,\ Arthur Wil liams; \Living Overseas,\ Louise Winfield. YOUTH Fiction \Someone to Count On\ Rosamond du Jardin; \Witch of the Glens,\ Sally Watson. JUVENILE Fiction \Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel\ Virginia Lee Burton. Non-Fiction \Skiing for Begin ners,\; Cpnrad Brown; \Growing up in 13th Century England,\ Al fred Duggan, Lane School, Bedford, from 1 to 4 p.m. \Fantasy on Ice\ dance from 8 to 12 p.m. FEBRUARY 17 Family Night of Bedford Pres byterian Church from 5 to 7 p.m., sponsored by Youth Fellowship. Covered-dish supper at 5 p.m. Pot-luck supper at Mount Kisco Methodist Church, Halstead Hall, at 7 p.m. Dr. and Mrs. Stuart Adendorff to speak on \South African Safari.\ FEBRUARY 18 Portrait painting class of Bed ford Hills Woman's Club at home of Mrs. Richard D'Alton from 1 to 4 p.m. Sunday School board to meet in lounge of Mount Kisco Metho dist Church at 8 p.m. FEBRUARY 19 Bridge section of Bedford Hills Woman's Club to meet at Com munity House at 1 p.m. FEBRUARY 21 Kisco Square Club to meet at 8 p.m. in Mount Kisco Masonic Temple. Couples of St. Mark's to meet at parish house, Mount Kisco, at 8:15 p.m. Thursday Circle to meet at Hal- stead Hall of Mount Kisco Metho dist Church at 10:30 a.m. Lunch eon at 12 noon. FEBRUARY 23 Food Fair at St. Francis of Assisi Mother's Guild in auditor ium. Annual Spaghetti Supper of Moses Taylor Jr. American Le gion Auxiliary in Mount Kisco American Legion Hall. Sittings at 5:30 and 7 p.m. Annual Elks' Club card party at club house, Mount Kisco. Military Whist at Mount Kisco Masonic Temple at 8 p.m. E OF C MEETS TONIGHT MOUNT KISCO— Larry Wright, vice chairman, Catholic Activities Committee of the New York State Council, Knights of Columbus, will pre sents film, \New Day in Africa,\ on Thursday night When the Sis- qua Council, Knights of Colum bus, : meet in their rooms in Mount Kisco. He wiji talk, about for eign Catholic students in the United States. LETTERS FROM' \Olftk ^ifiliF^ Praises N. W. Hospital Dear Editor 1 I am sure I write for everyone here who has ever been in our hospital and I am wondering if all our neighbors know what a wonderful hospital we have. One can walk through and notice the beautiful rooms, colors and in passing say, \It's lovely.\ I just returned home after spending over a month there. I wish I could say what I feel in my heart. I should like to men tion the care above and beyond anyone's duties that was given to me and everyone, and to express deep appreciation to the staff nurses, doctors and the men and • women who continually care for our rooms. Their cheerfulness and thoughtful ways at all times give us that cared-for feeling. May we all realize whether in need of hospital care or not that when we do we have in our won derful town such a hospital. May we never forget our debt to the Northern Westchester Hos pital. Sincerely, ELIZABETH M. HICKS Bedford Hills, N. Y. It Happened 25 Years Ago On Sunday morning at the Ma sonic Temple the Rev. William M. Horn will be installed as pas tor of the Lutheran Church of the Resurrection. The official act will be performed by a native of Mount Kisco, the Rev. William C. J. Weidt, pastor of the Luther an Church of the Good Shepherd in Mount Vernon. Mayor John P. Doyle this week sent another communication to Gov. Herbert Lehman urging that immediate steps be taken to elim inate grade crossings in Mount Kisco. Because many north county residents have expressed a desire to join the Associated Hospital Service three-cents-a-day plan for hospital care, a question box has been prepared by the association in which it answers inquiries that have been received from appli cants. Oliver A. Knapp and J. E. Brooks, whose terms as village trustees expire this year, were endorsed for relection by the in cumbent Indian Party execu tive committee at a conference held late last week in the Munici pal Building. News of the death of Mrs. Charles Raymond, the former Mehetable Waring Clark of Bed ford, was received this week. Mrs. Raymond, who was in her 103rd year,' succumbed to a brief illness. Mount Kisco taxpayers living in the Town of Bedford will pay a town tax rate this year of $10.36 per thousand, an increase of $1.27 over 1937, it was revealed today with the release of tax rate for all Bedford communities by Su pervisor E. P. Barett. The Bedford Hills Fire Depart ment will hold its 34th annual ball and entertainment on Fri day evening, Feb. 25/ at the Bed ford Hills Community House. Miss Julia Sheehan, . daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Jeremiah Shee han of Grove St., accompanied by Miss Millie Virtuoso of Katon ah, sailed on Saturday on the Transylvania for a 12-day cruise to Bermuda, Kingston and Ha vana. A pancake supper will be given by members of the Friendship Circle of the Methodist Church in the church parlors on Feb. 26 from 6 to 8 p.m. The commit tee consists of Mrs. Irene Hick- ok, Mrs. Robert Congdon, Mrs. Frank MacDonald and Mrs. Frank Cronk. 25 Years Ago in Chappaqua \Ten Commandments of Good Will\ are being released by the National Conference of Jews and Christians in connectionwith its Christians in connection with its which will be celebrated through out the country in connection with George Washington's birthday. As part of this brotherhood em phasis, the. local Congregatibnal Church has invited Rabbi Abram Ophic of Hawthorne to speak in its pulpit this coming Sunday. Final arrangements have been completed for Ye Olde Country Dance to be held this evening at the Greeley High School auditor ium under the auspices of the choir of the Congregational Church. The affair will include square dances, as well as the latest dances, refreshments, en tertainment and prizes for the best costumes of the evening. Nineteen members of the Chap paqua Kiwanis Club were present at the weekly meeting Tuesday which marked the tenth anniver sary of the Chappaqua club. The speaker for the day was Elmer Fingar, chairman of the citizens school board. Five members of the New Cas tle police force attended a meet ing of the Westchester Police Conference at New Rochelle last night. They were president Wil liam Lang of the local force, sec retary Marcy Held, James Cot ter, Ernest Myatt and Gustav Ruckert. Winning their third straight basketball game of the season*, the Hoface Greeley girls basket ball team definitely established itself as one of the best girls* basketball units turned out at the local school. They trounced a hithertofore undefeated Briarcliff sextet 28-3. The Girls Club of the Horace Greeley School will hold its an nual bazaar \Winter Garden\ Feb. 26 in the auditorium of the high school from 8 to 12 p.m. The auditorium will be decorated as a Tyrolean village and the girls will be attired in Tyrolean cos tumes. Heart Fund Chairmen Announce Volunteers BEDFORD VILLAGE— Mrs. Lloyd B. Cox Jr. and Mrs. Donovan Craven, cochairmen of the 1963 Heart Fund for Bedford Village, have announced two more volunteers who are assist ing in the campaign: Mrs. George Collins and Mrs. David Mills. The chairmen urged local resi dents to welcome the volunteers who will call on them on Heart Sunday, this Sunday, to help the Westchester Heart Association in research to combat heart disease. Heart disease accounts for more deaths each year in the United States than all other causes of death combined, the chairmen pointed out. SCHOLARSHIP READY BEDFORD VILLAGE— The Mary Witte Scholarship applications are available in the Bedford Presbyterian Church School office for the 1963-64 school year of the Bedford Village Co operative Nursery. Members of the church family may apply. \ \ eM* | Port in From the standpoint of citi zenship, a refugee seaman is somewhere between the Flying Dutchman and the Man With out a Country. Cold-war events have robbed many of these exiles of their countries—and their passports. Without these essential docu ments, hundreds cruise the seas without ever being permitted by any country to set foot ashore. One married couple, separated for four years urfder such cir cumstances, finally was reunited. The wife signed aboard her hus band's vessel as ship's cook. To end such floating exile, the United Nations High Commis sioner for Refugees (UNHCR) helped draft the Refugee Sea man Agreement, which has been ratified by a dozen countries, primarily the major maritime nations of Europe. Under the agreement, a refu gee seamen may apply either through, the UNHCR or directly a Storm to a signatory government for a ''travel document\ — a sort of stop-gap passport. Currently, the UNHCR is not only trying to enlist the cooperation of other countries under the agreement but is helping to notify seamen of their rights and obligations under the program. In one spot check sponsored by the Netherlands and UNHCR, it was found that out of 25 refu gee seamen interviewed, only six had, foolproof documents that would permit them to go ashore. According to the most recent figures, the number of refugee seamen doomed to a life afloat had fallen from an estimated 8,000 when the agreement was signed in 1957 to 2,000. Incidentally, the case of the drifting husband-and-wife team had a happy ending. Shorty be fore the wife was to become a mother, the couple was admitted through UNHCR intervention to permanent residence in Britain *on compassionate grounds.\ •I M
