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THE EVENING POST: NEW YORK. SATURDAY, MAY T2, 101T. '& $ Ê I H a s ÎA.dt^||iistrâiive A d vantage Over Britain FOOD AND SHIPPING QUESTIONS • ’■ '«A .. ..... - \ ¡President Ha» More Power than Pre mier ajid Much Has Been Done in Advance of Actual Entry into W-ar —Difficulties in England in Way of Government Control of Price», N ovelties ¿»L eather % * i B y - NCWtffltA3Sr H A P G O O D . tSpedSi Dispatch'to Tbe' Brenta* Po« t.] London-;, M ay 11.-—W e do not perhaps fully reco’gnize ■what advantages A m eri c a h a s liï the' p resent c risis over th e E n g lish G o v e rnm e n t In the beginning- of th e w a r th e British. G o v e rnm e n t consist ed of fifteen Cabinet members all using executive power and directly responsible to Parliam e n t, w h e reas th e President uses the whole executive pow er and Is ranch less controlled by Congress th a n th e Prim e M inister Is by Parliam e n t. The •war forced England to concentrate all poorer In five men, .but even they use less pow er th a n Lincoln used in the Civil W a r or th a n Wilson will be able to use If necessary in this. ■ O ur form of gov ernm e n t worked out nearly a c e n t- jr y *nd a half agoCTstiU proves Its strength and wisdom In th e m o st m o d ern of all em ergencies, the present w ar. T h e h a rd adm inistrative question for WUlson to solve is w h a t power to dele- e and to w h a t body. H e has a big a d vantage in the w o rk his adm inistration did before A m erica entered the w ar. In th e creation of the Federal Reserve B o ard, of the Shipping Çoard, of the T a r iff Commission, th e B o a rd of N a tional Defence, th e F a rm Loan Board, and in •the w o rk of the D e p a rtm e n t of Agricul- f ture. WECA.T HOUSTON' HAS DOVE. r Tn m e e ting the shipping and food ques tion E n g land has no already existing- ex- * p e r t bodies. Therefore, she has depended on m e n appointed since the crisis. David * F . H o u ston, Secretary o£ A g riculture, b e g a n fo u r year? ,ago educating Am ericans * about th e use of fish as food. E n g land Is Just tackling the flsh question now t th a t s h e is on the verge of h u n g e r. H o u s to n also tried several years ago to r e if duce th e output of cotton from th e S o u thern States, .to Increase other crops y used a s food, and to'im p rove m a rketing facilities and the relation betw een sup- i ply and. deinand,_.AU., o f these questions ■ a r e pressing ones here now. ^ The G erm ans would have starved to death except for th e s t a r t in the economy *’ of food and th e g M a ^ f '& r e ’ò f ’làtettsjìve agriculture. L o rd ‘Selbourno, of th e X B o a rd of A g riculture and Fisheries, says. \If agl'lcÜlfuro liad made no more •Sf progress in Ççrm any than it has in th e U n ited Kingdom during the period be tw e e n 1895 to d 1915. the Genwan E m p i r e w o u ld hâve1 been at th e end of its resources long before the end of the sec ond y e a r of the w ar.” Selbourne also said tha£ the w a r was being fought by G e rm any astwriich on agriculture as on m ilitary organization. E n g land hits a better soil ahd clim ate an d therefore produces naturally per acre about the Same am o u n t as G erm any so th a t only the per acre relative fore sight in the two countries is tested by th e total am o u n t of necessities produced, Ju s t before th e w a r in proportion to th e to ta l land under cultivation. To one hundred acres, of cultivated land, E n g land feeds forty-five to fifty persons, Ger m a n y seventy to seventy-five. The B rit ish raise fifteen tons of grain, G e rm a n y thirty-three, the B ritish eleven ton3 of r potatoes, the G ermans fifty-five, th e B r it ish seventeen and one-half ton s of mille, G e rm a n y tw enty-eight. ,, HOW GERMANY PLANNED. * The British sugar production is negli gible. The Germ ans raise two and three- q u a rters tons per hundred acres. T h e B ritish are now m a k ing the greatest ef- I > fo r t to save sùgar. The authorities a r e ! recommending the use of goat's milk. Of ! i course, Germany is far worse oft f o r food ■ th a n B ritain and perhaps th a n B ritain y -will be, even when the w o rst comes. T h a t •worst part of the w a r m ay come soon o r it m ay como weeks or m o n ths hence, b u t the point is th a t only planning en abled G erm any to live a t all. If A m erica ■is to save first the Allies and then E u rope from starvation, she m u st show sim ilar thoroughness. There Is less w h e a t grow n in E n g land now than in 1886, also less barley. In potatoes there has been a slight increase. VlKiring the same period G e rm a n y h a s alm o st doubled her production of g r a in : ^¡and potatoes although the land is worse. She uses far more artificial fertilizers ,Y th a n Britain and^has started new indus tries to keep agricultural laborers busy In winter. It is w o rth noticing th a t 92 * p e r cent. of the German agriculturists i;- own th e land thev cultivate. In E n g land : ¥ a n d W a le s only 11 per cent, belongs t o th e people who w o rk it. The R u ral \4. Credits law and the Farm Loan, B o a rd ; • should greatly help the U n ited States tS to approach the German standard of pro- ^ auction. R u r a l . c redit .and cooperation £ are strong factors in G erm an progress. T h e w a r has stirred B ritain »to (these Heeds. She is doing w h a t is possible to & g r e a t hurry. . \What is expected Of ife is by now suffi ciently well l^iown i n Its malli lines, b u t I w a n t to emphasize one essential point —perhaps this tnofct brilliant food, e x p e rt : i n the world, a n American, said t o me— •; a f ter discussing ships and distribution: M ß u t distribution is no t eyöiything. 1 n o t sure that, even if Anftÿfca usa» 'f. n e r ships to -t. a l b e s t ' M vantâ&èî tn e wofld fatta food . muefe: E s t a b lish e d 1824 S I L V E R S M I T H S B e i h A venue at 32nd S treet waste. I t is c r i m in a l, w h a t A m e r i c a wastes. I.I/OYD <3®0®GB AND VICTORY. Regarding the concentration of execu tive power, A squith’s njistake was in con sidering the principles of th e w a r too m u c h like those of peace. A squith's G o v e rnm ent did splendidly considering th e difficulties, b u t the situation as it developed required a more autocratic and single spirit. Lloyd George pointed out th e great differences between the princi ples of w a r and peace when he becam e M inister of M unitions, and has realized it since. He w a s scolded by th e Liberals, b u t now even m o st Liberals realize th a t h is policy increases th e probability of victory. One of Lloyd George's points is his consum ing passion for victory. As quith endeavored to have his big C abinet as a body keep track of everything. George leaves th e D e p a rtm e n t heads re sponsible. T h is causes some m istakes, b u t it gets m u c h more action. One advantage t h a t America has, ousrht to be in the purchase of m aterials, and from here it looks probable th a t th e big B ritain to-day h a s probably the most 1 formidable single arm y in the world, , Lloyd George has m any faults, but show- ed real genius in t h a t he first made Eng- 1 land realize th a t the w a r w a s . to be won ' in factories. He also instituted, a g a in s t1 opposition, t i e putting of the beat rail road men, instead of a m ilitary man, in charge of the British railroads in France. G e rm a n official reports recently describe th e English system of organization as responsible for the extraordinary roads an d railroads behind the lines, to which largely G ermans are attributing their re cent difficulties. The censorship of which I spoke last w eek also requires long an„d careful or ganization. The popular prejudice against th e general idea of th e censorship is largely caused by a feeling aroused against the least im p o rtant of three dis tin c t things called by the sam e name. T h e censorship of cables, the postal cen sorship, and the press censorship. These three functions are quite distinct. The first two are absolutely essential in w a r times, and the third has two branches, business men of the country will be the | also distinct, the censorship of news and ones to be relied upon. England greets I the censorship of opinion, th a t idea w ith acclaim. W h e n the w a r ' fr-arly in the w a r there was feeling began, the British W a r Purchase Depart - ' caused by delays in letters between the m e n t was filled by the W a r Department ' t’nitrd States and neutral countries. That I w ith \dug-out colonels.” which means re- J wa-s in 1915, when the British had ju 3 t tired m ilitary officers recalled for this j le a *'zet* necessity for such a censor-, duty. Later they got ¿or tlu: advisory ship• bnt WPre not equipped to execute it j committee business men, but that raust'd ^ anc* smoothly. The working out of i delay also, as there were jealousies thP' ™naorship in America is inevitably; am o n g their competitors whose trade se- ‘‘ p hy Kn^ I^ nd and France with j c r e ts th e y got. j Si e a t interest. Their own treatment of! The situation was much improved by ; own American m a ils depends u p o n ! new blood in the Department, l.ut still j the methods adopted by America, sometimes there was a certain la r k of | ce n s o r in g t u b m a ils.' | rapid action. For example, one th ins] The rulo is tlmt> a eountry censors' th a t strained relations between Ensian 1 its own outg.oing the Alliea do not 1 censor i t upon its receipt. Mail in tran- and America before America entered the w a r was the delay in getting cargoes to neutral countries. The Prize Court would decide th a t the cargo was of proper own ership and legitim ate destination, as a cargo on British soil. W hen th e decision w a s rendered the m a tter went lo the W a r Purchase D epartm ent, with no in s tru c tions from the Prize Court a b o u t the next step. T h is usually m e a n t m any w eeks’ delay after th e decision had been reached. A n o ther advantage th a t A m erica has is th a t she can decide from foreign, ex perience w h a t industries the G o v e rnm ent needs. The B ritish have only just tak e n over the coal m ines and the flour mills. T h e y did not take m any ships until some tim e a f ter th e w a r had opened; they have only ju s t now completed tak i n g them over. The taking over of industry m eans no serious upset, as th® same men are left in charge, the Government men merely conttol production and distribu tion. TAKE I>VKU FI.OUR MII.I.S. T h e taking of th e flour mills in this food crisis is one of the most effective w a y s of having the proper flour produced and sent to the proper places, w ith no other change. In controlling prices, the feritish have gone slowly, because they realize th e difficulties. They have just begun w ith beans and peas, and m any rem ote results m u s t be considered. They cannot fix th e price of grain w ithout fixing th e price of live stoolc. I f . g rain is too low by comparison to live stock, the farm e rs will feed th e grain to the ani m als. If milk iu too low, the farm e r kills the cows and the country is threatened w ith a mille fam ine. Food in E n g land to day is about 94 per cent, dearer th a n in July, 1914. The general cost of living is 65 per cent, higher. D u ring March, 1917, th e general retail food prices advanced between 1 a n d 2 per cent. Breud 7, cheese 5, m e a t 2 to 4, fish 5. flour and tea 2 to 3. On account of the , advance of the season, eggs are 21 per cent, cheaper. In Vienna, on th e other hand, the general food prices are over 172 per cent, higher than in 1914. In Italy 70, in America 24. Fpod-price control is m ost dlfHcult, as everything is so interrelated. In all these comparisons on« m u st re mem b er how m u ch harder th e British job was. Take, for instance, arm ing of m e rchantm e n as a m o st recent illus tration. W e can spare gunners from our battleships a n d cruisers, w h ereas England cannot. Also in any comparison we m u st rem e m b er B ritain’s success in putting a vast arm y in the field and ootaining an organization equal to or superior to w h a t the G ermans had done in forty years THE BRITISH ARMY. C o u n ting G erm any as having two ar mies, one in the w est ahd one in the east, A la s k a C alls With all the mystery of the Northern Lights, with îairy fields of flowers, snow-capped mountains, Indian villages and the traditions of the Totem Pole, Alaska calls to you. Travel over the GRAND TRUNK PACIFIC RY. Luxurious service oh its trains, through the majestic beauty of the Canadian Rookies a t their best. Thence by Grand Trunk Pacific steamships to Alaska. Write or call for illustrated descriptive Booklet No. 000. sit between England and France is not censored by the country to which it is destined, because it has already been cen sored by the country sending it outy England and France cannot stop cei ing the A m erican mails until the American censorship is in order. Otherwise there would be a dangerous interval. I hear th a t it i s still unsettled w h e ther the pos tal censorship is to be under the W a r Office or the Post Office. As censorship is w h o lly a War-Office m a tter, and the business of the P o s t Office is th e de livery of letters, such functions should n o t be confused. It is th e business of th e W a r Office to know w h a t inform ation is needed about t h e enem y o r to prevent the enem y from obtaining: news. I n regard to the censorship of news, a censorship of the new spapers has been found satisfactory here, which tru s ts the new spapers to receive new s ahead con- j cerning the facts they m u s t n o t discuss | or forecast. They alm o st alw ays obey.! T h is puta m o re responsibility o n the pa pers th a n the French or G erm a n system of preventing censorship. There the ^cen sor examines proofs. The papers escape all the responsibility if the censor over looks anything. j T h e E n g lish censorship system has! given alm o s t universal satisfaction, ex cept the censorship of press opinion, w h ich is widely held to be mistaken. Opinion should not be censored unless it equals sedition. It is conceivable that a paper in America definitely taking1 the side of G erm any >at th e present time would be technically seditious, but Its in fluence would be negligible, and it is bet te r to e r r on the sido of tolerance, Not so w ith news. HBXil» FROM OtJBA. The im p o rtance of the entrance of Cuba, from the standpoint of the censor ship, is not fully stated by papers here. P a r t s of the coast are adm irably adapted for a subm arine base, other parts are adapted for wireless stations. The sparce population would m ake discovery diffi cult. The mails for Mexico tran s fer a t Cuba for Spain. The centre of the Euro-i pean spy system is Spain. T h e re are few cruisers in th a t region and the mail arrives from South America, the U nited States, the D u tch, an d o ther Islands. There is a wireless direct from Spain to Germany. I t is also possible to g e t In form ation across the border from France. E n g land's problem is easy by compari son,. especially in jeg a r d to the censor ship of cable m aterial. She h a s the enor m o u s advantage of being an island. Mes sages are only fully understood if the message and the reply are both seen by the same censor. The English censor ship, is, therefore, centred, in London, whereas H avre and Breste are separate stations. Similarly all. mail is centred in London, except the A m erican m all,'w h ich centres a t Liverpool. F rance require» a separate censorship for Marseilles, Paris, the Swiss border, and th e Spanish bor der. Hence, the B ritish results are com pleter. As I mentioned in a previous ar ticle, A m erica's problem is sim ilar to that of France, she has two long coast lines and the Mexican border, as well a s the long Canadian frontier, which is in this instance fortunately alm o st negligible. E a rly in the w a r the B ritish cilosed all harbors except a few perm u ted ports, but w h e ther we shall be able to do that or not is a question. The im p o rtance of tho foreign mail censorship in relation to anti-espionage is enormous. In A m erica there will be no censorship of domestic letters except those sent to suspected addresses. For eign letters are the m o st im p o rtant m eth od of controlling spies. The routine of censoring is m o stly dono by women. There are practically ■ no leaks of news or gossip. The only case th a t has come up recently was t h a t of a m m journalist. There is a regular school where begin ners take a two weeks’ course before beginning work, a n d are ta u g h t the rheth- ods of censoring. One successful dis covery of a .plot m ight mean the saving of the lives of thousands of soldiers. The lecturer explains t h a t buch success equals a feat of arm s In tho field, and thtre the man who accomplishes It ought to earn a Victoria Cross. W hile there is no question th a t the press m u s tube protected, i t w ill be a pity if the controversy ¿about th a t aspect of censorship, which is th e least Im p o rtant from a m ilitary standpoint should so w o rk out as to create a prejudice th a t lessened the power 0 Í th e Governrnen*. to deal w ith espionage. A m ericans s t a r t w jth g reat advantages, b u t m u s t p u t every effort Into the w a r if th e y are to com p a re In efficiency In the eyes of history w ith w h a t Germany, England, and F rance have accomplished. The advantages are n o t w o rth m u ch nn- léss p o p u la r ' determination.! equals th a t existing here. ' 4 (Copyright, 1917, by N ohd « j » .'^ h * ooi J. ) C n b a G r e a t e s t M a r k e t fo r A m e r ic a n Shoe«. Cuba is a t present the best m a r k e t in the world for A m erican footwear, oaya a report on the subject j u s t published by the B u reau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the D e p a rtm e n t of Com merce. Although th e clim ate i s tropical, very few even of th e poorest native» go w ithout footwear of som e kind, and the per-capita consum ption of shoes is there fore very heavy. More th a n 80 per' c e n t of the business is done by American firms, ORHAM ISA PERFECT INTERPREMON OF THE E i r a IT REPRESENTS CO. ( , f i a > E R S A a n / s qoamants F I F T H A V E N U E & 3 6 T H S T R E E T 1 7 - 1 9 M A I D E N L A N E A motor that develops 87 horse power (brake test), and does it without any ten dency toward extravagance in fuel certainly will not fail to make a deep impression on you. Thé motor in the Hal-Twelve is a valve-in-head- type. The car weighs 3975 pounds and its gaso line consumption you will probably find to be not less than 12 miles per gallon. Seven-Passenger Touring Car or Roadster, $2600. Limousine or Town Car, 14500, Leon Rubay creations. Cleve land prices. Jennings Motor Sales Corporation E. R . Hollander, Manager Columbus 9708 1891 Broadway h W. Mason, .1005 Broad S t ., Newark, N. J. I.lttle G i r l ’» B r a v e S tr n a ttle. Josephine C. is struggling to support a n invalid m o ther and four younger broth ers and sisters. L a s t Septem ber Mr. C. followed the advice of a doctor and re turned to the sunny w a rm th of his old home, in the hop# of recovering quickly from tuberculosis. Only enough money for his ticket over could be scraped to gether, so Mrs. C. a n d Josephine sent the invalid off, bravely determ ining to sup port the rest of the fam ily themselves. The little girl w ent to work in a factory where baby caps are made, and earned *7 a week, while the m o ther neglected the youngsters and the home and worked early and late “finishing” garm e n ts in the effort to m a k e ends meet. Recently tho m o ther w a s found to be o n 'th e verge of collapse from h e a r t trouble. L ittle Josephine was exhausted from the strain, while the other children w e re scraw n y and ansemlc from lack of food. Added to their troubles oame th e new« a few days ago of Mr. C /s death. The relatives in Italy w a n t th e widow and children to return to them , but the problem of ’tran s portation rem a ins to be solved. In th e m eantim e the C h arity O rganization So ciety appeals for $165 to provide neces sities for them. Gifts should be sent to the office at 105 E a s t 22d Street. The better th e pay th e better the feed. -[Boston T ranscript. r i T T h e ' N e w A e o l i a n P h o n o g r a p h ;c iè A Notable Achievement in M usical Instrument Making ▼ ’H E N you go to buy a phonograph judgi its quality by the artistic excellence, th< richness a n d body of its tone. Test the Aeolian-Vocalion w ith any record you choose—the tone will be finer, sm o o ther than you have ever heard from that record. ' T h e rem arkable naturalness of the Vocalion reproductions of voice or instrum e n t, their alm o st entire freedom irom the usual phonographic im perfections, will surprise you. A n d to h e ighten the pleasurable possibilities o f a well-nigh perfect tone, there is the w o n d erful new Vocalion privilege of playing each record if you desire— this by means of the Vocalion expression device, the Graduóla, w h ich enables you to shade, to color e a c h phrase, to vary and m o d u late the m usic as y ou feel. \ Vocalion prices are reasonable—$35 to $350 for conventional models ($35 to $75 styles without Graduóla). A rt styles to $200Q. Monthly Terms as Low ás $5 Catalog and descriptive literature sent upon request, Columbia Records always incomplete assortment at Aeolian Hall. The AEOLIAN COMPANY 11 Flttbuah Ave. AEOLIAN HALL 367 E»*t In MANHATTAN, 29 West 42nd Street
